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==History==
The Berlin Circle was created in the late 1920s by [[Hans Reichenbach]], [[Joseph Petzoldt]], [[Kurt Grelling]] and [[Walter Dubislav]] and composed of philosophers and scientists such as [[Carl Gustav Hempel]], [[David Hilbert]] and [[Richard von Mises]].
The Berlin Circle had much in common with the Vienna Circle, but the philosophies of the circles differed on a few subjects, such as [[probability]] and [[conventionalism]]. Reichenbach insisted on calling his philosophy logical empiricism, to distinguish it from the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle. Few people today make the distinction, and the words are often used interchangeably. Members of the Berlin Circle were particularly active in analyzing the philosophical and [[logical consequence]]s of the advances in contemporary [[physics]], especially the [[theory of relativity]]. Apart from that, they denied the [[soundness]] of [[metaphysics]] and traditional philosophy and asserted that many philosophical problems are indeed meaningless. After the rise of [[Nazism]], several of the group's members emigrated to other countries, including Reichenbach, who moved to [[Turkey]] in 1933 and later to the United States in 1938; Dubislav emigrated to [[Prague]] in 1936; Hempel moved to Belgium in 1934 and later to the United States in 1939; and Grelling was killed in a [[concentration camp]]. A younger member of the Berlin Circle or Berlin School to leave Germany was [[Olaf Helmer]] who joined the [[RAND Corporation]] and played an important role in the development of the [[Delphi method]] used for predicting future trends, and other early forms of [[social technology]].<ref>''Berlin School of Logical Empiricism'' by [[Nicholas Rescher]] (Springer, 2006).</ref>
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