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''Palaeoloxodon namadicus'' is the largest species in the genus ''Palaeoloxodon'' and one of the largest known proboscideans, and considerably larger than living elephants. A 2015 study by Asier Larramendi attempted to estimate the size of ''P. namadicus'', as well as other prehistoric proboscideans. Based on a fragmentary skeleton of an adult male, comprising two femurs (the left one of which was measured to be around {{Convert|1.6|m|ft}} in length when excavated in 1834), a left ulna and a right humerus, from Sagauni in [[Narsinghpur district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], Larramendi [[extrapolated]] a shoulder height of {{convert|4.35|m|ft|1}} and a weight of {{convert|13|t|ST|1|abbr=}} for this individual.<ref name="probos_mass" />
A fragmentary lower portion of a femur described in 1834 in the same publication that described the femurs of the Sagauni specimen, stated that this femur was almost a quarter larger than that from Sagauni. Assuming it was about 20% larger, Larramendi calculated an extrapolated femur length of {{convert|1.9|m|ft}} and a speculative size estimate of {{convert|5.2|m|ft|1}} tall at the shoulder and {{convert|22|t|ST|1|abbr=}} in body mass, which if correct would make ''P. namadicus'' possibly the largest land mammal ever, exceeding even [[Paraceratheriidae|paraceratheres]] in size. However, this estimate should be "taken with [[a grain of salt]]", as Larramendi stated that he could not locate the specimen, but speculated that it may be stored in the Indian Museum of Kolkata.<ref name="probos_mass">{{cite journal |last1=Larramendi |first1=Asier |date=2015 |title=Proboscideans: Shoulder Height, Body Mass and Shape |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |doi=10.4202/app.00136.2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref>[[File:Largest land mammals size chart.jpg|thumb|Highly speculative size estimate of ''P. namadicus'' based on a lost partial femur measured in the 19th century, compared to a [[paracerathere]]]]In 2023, Paul and Larramendi estimated that another specimen identified as cf. ''P. namadicus,'' also only known from a partial femur, would have weighed {{convert|18-19|t|ST|1|abbr=}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Paul |first1=Gregory S. |last2=Larramendi |first2=Asier |date=June 9, 2023 |title=Body mass estimate of Bruhathkayosaurus and other fragmentary sauropod remains suggest the largest land animals were about as big as the greatest whales |url=https://www.idunn.no/doi/10.18261/let.56.2.5 |journal=Lethaia |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.18261/let.56.2.5 |access-date=June 9, 2023}}</ref> Other authors have noted that weight estimates for proboscideans based on single bones can lead to estimates that are "highly improbable" compared to accurate estimates from complete skeletons.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Romano |first1=Marco |last2=Bellucci |first2=Luca |last3=Antonelli |first3=Matteo |last4=Manucci |first4=Fabio |last5=Palombo |first5=Maria Rita |date=2023-06-13 |title=Body mass estimate of ''Anancus arvernensis'' (Croizet and Jobert 1828): comparison of the regression and volumetric methods |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.3549 |journal=Journal of Quaternary Science |volume=38 |issue=8 |pages=1357–1381 |language=en |doi=10.1002/jqs.3549 |issn=0267-8179}}</ref> In 2024, Biswas, Chang and Tsai estimated
== Ecology ==
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