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[[File:Cardinal Paul Cullen archbishop of Dublin.jpg|alt=19th-century portrait of a Catholic cardinal|thumb|Portrait of Cardinal Cullen]]
The '''devotional revolution''' was a period of [[History of Ireland|Irish history]] between around 1850 and 1875 when the [[Catholic Church in Ireland]] was reformed, led by Cardinal-Archbishop [[Paul Cullen (cardinal)|Paul Cullen]].
== Background ==
* what irish catholicism was like before the famine
* long-term degradation of church structure, catholic emancipation, population explosion
* Cullen arrives in 1850, appointed Archbishop of Armagh
In the year 1800, the Catholic population of Ireland was around 3.9 million people, with 26 bishops and 1,850 priests; the ratio of priests to faithful was roughly one to 2,100. By 1845 the Catholic population had risen to nearly 7 million, and for each priest there were around 3,000 faithful. The Catholic Church responded to this shortage by increasing the number of priests by 400 from 1840 to 1846, when the Great Famine started. However, the ratio in 1850 remained around the same as in 1800. The devastation of the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]] reduced the Catholic population by around 2 million by 1850.<ref name="Larkin1972p626-627">{{harvnb|Larkin|1972|pp=626-627}}</ref>
In the early 19th century the Church also steadily reformed the behavior of the clergy, finding the most success in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin|Dublin]].<ref>{{harvnb|Larkin|1972|p=630}}</ref> [[Avarice]] and [[alcoholism]] were particularly problems among the Irish clergy.<ref>{{harvnb|Larkin|1972|p=632}}</ref>
▲In the year 1800, the Catholic population of Ireland was around 3.9 million people, with 26 bishops and 1,850 priests; the ratio of priests to faithful was roughly one to 2,100. By 1845 the Catholic population had risen to nearly 7 million, and for each priest there were around 3,000 faithful. The Catholic Church responded to this shortage by increasing the number of priests by 400 from 1840 to 1846, when the Great Famine started.<ref name=Larkin1972p626-627>{{harvnb|Larkin|1972|pp=626-627}}</ref>
== Reforms ==
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== Historiography ==
coined by Larkin in 1972 - criticism & responses - how it's interpreted today in wake of secularism
== References ==
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* {{Cite journal |last=Larkin |first=Emmet |date=June 1972 |title=The Devotional Revolution in Ireland, 1850-75 |journal=[[The American Historical Review]] |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=625-652 |doi=10.2307/1870344 |jstor=1870344}}
{{refend}}
{{History of Ireland sidebar|bar=yes}}
{{Ireland topics|state=collapsed}}
== Sources ==
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