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The incidence of shaking baby syndrome is unknown due to difficulty in diagnosis, which may be caused by lack of centralized reporting system, absent signs of maltreatment, unclear presentation, and acute head trauma being classified under chronic neglect.<ref name="Joyce_Gossman_Huecker_2023">{{cite book |title=StatPearls |vauthors=Joyce T, Gossman W, Huecker MR |date=2023-05-22 |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |place=Treasure Island, FL |chapter=Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma |pmid=29763011 |access-date=2024-07-23 |chapter-url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499836/}}</ref> Incidence is estimated to be 35 out of 100,000 infants, 65% of these infants have significant neurological disabilities, and 5 to 35% of infants die as a result of sustained injuries.<ref name="Joyce_Gossman_Huecker_2023" /> For children under the age of one, US-based studies have found rates of 27.5 out of 100,000 infants for the years 1997 and 2000 and a rate of 32.2 out of 100,000 in the year 2003.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rebbe |first1=Rebecca |last2=Mienko |first2=Joseph A. |last3=Martinson |first3=Melissa L. |date=2020 |title=Incidence and Risk Factors for Abusive Head Trauma: A Population-Based Study |journal=Child Abuse Review |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=195–207 |doi=10.1002/car.2630 |issn=1099-0852 |pmc=7567009 |pmid=33071539}}</ref> However, these statistics are presumably underestimates of the actual incidence of SBS as there are children whose injuries may not be perceived as serious enough to be hospitalized and those who have been hospitalized but diagnosis was missed.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laurent-Vannier |first=Anne |date=November 2022 |title=Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) or Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma from Shaking: Guidelines for Interventions During the Perinatal Period from the French National College Of Midwives |journal=Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health |language=en |volume=67 |issue=S1 |pages=S93–S98 |doi=10.1111/jmwh.13427 |issn=1526-9523 |pmid=36480666 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
Small children are at particularly high risk for abuse associated with SBS given the large difference in size between the small child and the caretaker.<ref name="pmid11433079" /> SBS is primarily observed in children under the age of two but may occur in those up to age five.<ref name="pmid11433079" /> The majority of cases typically occur before the infant's first birthday with the average victim age between three
==Risk factors==
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