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'''Heathrow Airport''' ({{IPAc-en|,|h|iː|θ|'|r|oʊ|,_|'|h|iː|θ|r|oʊ}}),<ref>{{cite web|title='Heathrow'|url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/heathrow|work=Oxford Learners Dictionaries|access-date=7 July 2021}}</ref> called ''London Airport'' until 1966 {{airport codes|LHR|EGLL}},<ref name=aip/> and now known as London Heathrow, is the main [[international airport]] serving [[London]], the capital and most populous city of [[England]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. It is the largest of the six international airports in the [[Airports of London|London airport system]] (the others being [[Gatwick Airport|Gatwick]], [[London City Airport|City]], [[Luton Airport|Luton]], [[London Stansted Airport|Stansted]] and [[London Southend Airport|Southend]]). The airport is owned and operated by [[Heathrow Airport Holdings]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=About Heathrow {{!}} Heathrow |url=https://www.heathrow.com/company/about-heathrow|access-date=2024-04-15 |website=Heathrow Airport |language=en-GB}}</ref> In 2023, Heathrow was the [[List of the busiest airports in Europe|busiest airport in Europe]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://businesstravelerusa.com/news/london-heathrow-reigns-supreme-as-europes-busiest-airport/ |title=Ranking: London Heathrow Reigns Supreme as Europe's Busiest Airport |date=12 April 2023 |access-date=21 October 2023 |last=Cole |first=Fergus |publisher=businesstravelerusa.com |author-link=}}</ref> the [[List of busiest airports by passenger traffic|fourth-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic]] and the [[List of busiest airports by international passenger traffic|second-busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic]]. As of 2023, Heathrow is the airport with the most international connections in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2023 |title=London Heathrow Reclaims Title as World's Most Connected Airport |url=https://businesstravelerusa.com/news/london-heathrow-most-connected-airport/ |access-date=8 October 2023 |website=Business Traveler USA |language=en}}</ref>
 
Heathrow was founded as [[History of Heathrow Airport#1920s|a small airfield]] in 1930<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History {{!}} Heathrow |url=https://www.heathrow.com/company/about-heathrow/our-history |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Heathrow Airport |language=en-GB}}</ref> but was developed into a much larger airport after [[World War II]]. It lies {{convert|14|mi|km|abbr=off|lk=on}} west of [[Central London]] on a site that covers {{convert|4.74|sqmi|km2|abbr=off}}. It was gradually expanded over 75 years and now has two parallel east–west [[runway]]s, four operational passengerpassengers [[Airport terminal|terminals]] and one cargo terminal.<ref name=aip>{{cite web| title=London Heathrow – EGLL| publisher=NATS Aeronautical Information Service| url=http://www.nats-uk.ead-it.com/public/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dblogcategory%26id%3D94%26Itemid%3D143.html| access-date=21 April 2011| archive-date=20 February 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220104619/http://www.nats-uk.ead-it.com/public/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=94&Itemid=143.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> The airport is the primary hub for [[British Airways]] and [[Virgin Atlantic]].
 
==Location==
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Heathrow Airport began in 1929 as a small airfield ([[Great West Aerodrome]]) on land southeast of the hamlet of [[Heathrow (hamlet)|Heathrow]] from which the airport takes its name. At that time the land consisted of farms, [[market garden]]s and [[orchard]]s; there was a "Heathrow Farm" approximately where the modern Terminal 2 is situated, a "Heathrow Hall" and a "Heathrow House." This hamlet was largely along a country lane (Heathrow Road), which ran roughly along the east and south edges of the present central terminals area.
 
Development of the whole Heathrow area as a much larger airport began in 1944 during [[World War II]]. It was intended for long-distance military aircraft bound for the Far East. By the time some of the airfieldsairfield's runways were usable, World War II had ended, and the UK Government continued to develop the site as a civil airport. The airport was opened on 25 March 1946 as London Airport. The airport was renamed Heathrow Airport in the last week of September 1966, to avoid confusion with the other two airports which serve London, [[Gatwick]] and [[Stansted]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Copps |first1=Alan |title=Airport News: Flights May Be Halted by Pay Freeze Row |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122374618/airport-news-flights-may-be-halted-by-p/ |work=[[Middlesex Chronicle]] |date=30 September 1966 |page=8 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |quote=BAA this week announced their intention to revive the name Heathrow as the official title of the airport. This, they say, is being done to avoid confusion with the other two airports which serve London, Gatwick and Stansted. In future, they will refer to what is now known as London Airport as Heathrow Airport-London.}}</ref> The design for the airport was by [[Sir Frederick Gibberd]]. He set out the original terminals and central-area buildings, including the original control tower and the multi-faith Chapel of St George's.
 
==Operations==
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=== Cargo ===
The top cargo export destinations include the United States, China and the United Arab Emirates handling 1.4 million tonnes of cargo in 2022. TopThe top products exported were books, salmon and medicine.<ref name="Facts">{{cite web |date=23 September 2023 |title=Facts and figures |url=https://www.heathrow.com/company/about-heathrow/facts-and-figures |access-date=25 September 2023 |publisher=Heathrow Airport}}</ref>
 
===Flight movements===
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In 2017, Heathrow introduced "Fly Quiet & Green", a quarterly published league table (currently suspended due to the Covid pandemic) that awards points to the 50 busiest airlines at the airport, ostensibly based on their performance relative to each other across a range of seven environmental benchmarks, such as {{NOx}} emissions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heathrowflyquietandgreen.com/|title = Heathrow Fly Quiet and Green|publisher=Heathrow Airport|access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref> Heathrow has acknowledged, but not attempted to refute, criticism over discrepancies and a lack of transparency over the way in which the figures are calculated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heathrow.com/content/dam/heathrow/web/common/documents/company/local-community/noise/making-heathrow-quiter/noise-action-plan/Noise_Action_Plan_2019-2023_Supporting_Annexes.pdf|title = Heathrow Noise Action Plan 2019–2023 Supporting Annexes|publisher=Heathrow Airport|access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref> The airport has always refused to publish a breakdown showing how many "Fly Quiet points" each performance benchmark has contributed towards the total score it awards to an airline, thereby putting obstacles in the way of any independent auditing of the published results.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airportwatch.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Fly-Quiet-Green-Forensics-V1.3.pdf|title = Fly Quiet & Green Forensics|publisher=AirportWatch|author=AvGen Ltd|date=March 2019 |access-date=6 November 2021}}</ref> Among other criticisms of the league table are the unexplained omission of some of the poorer performers among the 50 busiest airlines<ref name="Fly Quiet 'Top 50' Airlines, wrongly omitting Korean Air">{{cite web|url=https://www.heathrowflyquietandgreen.com/q2-2019/|title=Q2 2019 Fly Quiet 'Top 50' Airlines, wrongly omitting Korean Air|date=20 August 2019|publisher=Heathrow Airport|access-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123094959/https://www.heathrowflyquietandgreen.com/q2-2019/|archive-date=23 January 2020}}</ref> and the emphasis on relative rather than absolute performance,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heathrowflyquietandgreen.com/how-we-calculate/|title = Heathrow Fly Quiet and Green – How We Calculate|date = 10 May 2016|publisher=Heathrow Airport|access-date=28 October 2021}}</ref> so an airline could well improve its "Fly Quiet" score quarter-on-quarter even if its environmental performance had in fact worsened over the period.
 
Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] Heathrow has seen a large increase in cargo-only flights, not only by already established carriers at the airport operating cargo-only flights using passenger aircraft, but also by several cargo-only airlines.<ref name="Heathrow News">[https://www.heathrow.com/latest-news/heathrow-equips-uk-data-revealed – Heathrow News] retrieved 20 January 2021</ref>
 
===Arrival stacks===
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{{As of|2013}}, Terminal 3 has an area of {{convert|98962|m2|abbr=on}} with 28 gates, and in 2011 it handled 19.8{{nbsp}}million passengers on 104,100{{nbsp}}flights.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.heathrowairport.com/about-us/company-news-and-information/company-information/facts-and-figures |title=Heathrow facts and figures |publisher=Heathrow Airport Limited |access-date=23 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705154826/http://www.heathrowairport.com/about-us/company-news-and-information/company-information/facts-and-figures |archive-date=5 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
Most flights from Terminal 3 are long -haul flights from North America, Asia and other foreign countries other than Europe. Terminal 3 is home to [[Oneworld]] members (with the exception of [[Malaysia Airlines]], [[Qatar Airways]] and [[Royal Air Maroc]], all of which use Terminal 4), [[SkyTeam]] members [[Aeroméxico]], [[Delta Air Lines]], [[Middle East Airlines]], [[Virgin Atlantic]], and several long haul unaffiliated carriers. [[British Airways]] also operates several flights from this terminal, as does [[Iberia]] and [[Vueling]].
 
=== Terminal 4 ===
[[File:Heathrow LON 04 07 77.JPG|thumb|[[Heathrow Terminal 4|Terminal 4]] bird's-eye view]]
{{Main|Heathrow Terminal 4}}
Opened in 1986, Terminal 4 has 22 gates{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}. It is situated to the south of the southern runway next to the cargo terminal, and is connected to Terminals 2 and 3 by the [[Heathrow Cargo Tunnel]]. The terminal has an area of {{convert|105481|m2|abbr=on}} and is now home to the [[SkyTeam]] alliance; except [[China Airlines]] which uses Terminal 2, and [[Aeroméxico]], [[Delta Air Lines]], [[Middle East Airlines]], and [[Virgin Atlantic]] which use Terminal 3 - Oneworld carriers [[Malaysia Airlines]], [[Qatar Airways]], [[Royal Air Maroc]], and [[Gulf Air]] and to{{clarify|date=September 2024}} most unaffiliated carriers. It has undergone a £200{{nbsp}}million upgrade to enable it to accommodate 45{{nbsp}}airlines with an upgraded forecourt to reduce traffic congestion and improve security. Most flights using Terminal 4 are those from/to East Europe, Central Asia, North Africa and the Middle East as well as a few flights from/to Europe. An extended check-in area with renovated piers and departure lounges and a new baggage system were installed, and four new stands were built to accommodate the Airbus A380; [[Qatar Airways]] operates regular A380 flights. [[Etihad Airways]] and [[Malaysia Airlines]] operate regular A350 flights. [[China Southern Airlines]], [[El Al]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/278589/el-al-1q19-london-heathrow-aircraft-changes/|access-date=12 February 2020|title=El Al 1Q19 London Heathrow aircraft changes}}</ref> [[Etihad Airways]], [[Gulf Air]], and [[Vietnam Airlines]] operate regular Boeing 787 flights.
 
=== Terminal 5 ===
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[[File:TerminalFiveAirportHeathrowAugust2012.JPG|thumb|Central waiting area in [[Heathrow Terminal 5|Terminal 5]]]]
{{Main|Heathrow Terminal 5}}
Terminal 5 lies between the northern and southern runways at the western end of the Heathrow site and was opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 14 March 2008,<ref name="Ref_2008b">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7294618.stm|title=Queen opens new Heathrow Terminal|date=14 March 2008|access-date=23 March 2018|work=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201092823/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7294618.stm|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> 19 years after its inception. It opened to the public on 27 March 2008, and British Airways and its partner company Iberia have exclusive use of this terminal, which has 50{{nbsp}}gates,{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} including three hardstands. The first passenger to enter Terminal 5 was a UK [[ex-pat]] from Kenya who passed through security at 04:30 on the day. He was presented with a boarding pass by British Airways CEO Willie Walsh for the first departing flight, BA302 to Paris. During the two weeks after its opening, operations were disrupted by problems with the terminal's IT systems, coupled with insufficient testing and staff training, which caused over 500 flights to be cancelled.<ref name="Ref_2008c">{{cite news|title=British Airways reveals what went wrong with Terminal 5|work=Computer Weekly|url=http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240086013/British-Airways-reveals-what-went-wrong-with-Terminal-5|date=14 May 2008|access-date=23 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307033642/http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240086013/British-Airways-reveals-what-went-wrong-with-Terminal-5|archive-date=7 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Terminal 5 is exclusively used by British Airways as its global hub. However, because of the merger, between 25 March 2012 and 12 July 2022, [[Iberia (airline)|Iberia's]] operations at Heathrow were moved to the terminal, making it the home of [[International Airlines Group]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstraveller.com/news/2012/02/08/iberia-to-move-to-heathrow-t5/|title=Iberia to move to Heathrow T5|date=8 February 2012|work=Business Traveller|access-date=23 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027232443/https://www.businesstraveller.com/news/2012/02/08/iberia-to-move-to-heathrow-t5/|archive-date=27 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> On 12 July 2022, Iberia's flight operations were moved back to Terminal 3. On 7 July 2020, [[American Airlines|American]] moved to Terminal 5, to allow for easier connections from American's transatlantic flights to British Airways flights during the pandemic. However, all the American flights, except JFK, have returned to Terminal 3. [[China Southern Airlines]] used Terminal 5 due to the pandemic until it was relocated to Terminal 4 in November 2022.
 
Built for £4.3{{nbsp}}billion, the terminal consists of a four-story main terminal building (Concourse A) and two satellite buildings linked to the main terminal by an underground [[people mover]] transit system. Concourse A is dedicated to British Airways's narrowbody fleet for flights around the UK and the rest of Europe, the first satellite (Concourse B) includes dedicated stands for BA and Iberia's widebody fleet except for the Airbus A380, and the second satellite (Concourse C), includes 7 dedicated aircraft stands for the A380. It became fully operational on 1 June 2011. Terminal 5 was voted [[Skytrax]] World's Best Airport Terminal 2014 in the Annual World Airport Awards.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Andy|first1=Ivy|title=Londen Heathrow|access-date=23 March 2018|url=http://vliegveldlonden.nl/londen-heathrow/|website=Vliegveld Londen|language=nl|date=1 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201045031/http://vliegveldlonden.nl/londen-heathrow/|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
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The main terminal building (Concourse A) has an area of {{Convert|300000|m2|sqft}} while Concourse B covers {{Convert|60000|m2|sqft}}.<ref name="Ref_2011b">{{cite web|title=Heathrow Terminal 5|url=http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/Asp/uploadedFiles/Image/1065_t5/RSHP_A_JS_1065_L_E_GB.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719200525/http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/Asp/uploadedFiles/Image/1065_t5/RSHP_A_JS_1065_L_E_GB.pdf|archive-date=19 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> It has 60 aircraft stands and capacity for 30{{nbsp}}million passengers annually as well as more than 100{{nbsp}}shops and restaurants.<ref>{{cite news|title=Heathrow Terminal 5: The Vital Statistics|publisher=Sky News|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Sky-News-Archive/Article/200806413649522|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712100254/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Sky-News-Archive/Article/200806413649522|archive-date=12 July 2012|date=15 March 2008|access-date=7 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is also home to British Airways' Flagship lounge, the Concorde Room, alongside four further British Airways branded lounges.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thriftypoints.com/british-airways-first-class-review/|title=British Airways First Class Flight Review – Fly BA First Class for free!|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328005054/https://thriftypoints.com/british-airways-first-class-review/|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> One of those lounges is the British Airways Arrivals Lounge which is located land-side.
 
A further building, designated Concourse D and of similar size to Concourse C, may yet be built to the east of the existing site, providing up to another 16{{nbsp}}stands. Following British Airways' merger with [[Iberia (airline)|Iberia]], this may become a priority since the combined business will require accommodation at Heathrow under one roof to maximise the cost savings envisaged under the deal. A proposal for Concourse D was featured in Heathrow's capitalCapital investmentInvestment planPlan 2009.
 
The transport network around the airport has been extended to cope with the increase in passenger numbers. New branches of both the [[Heathrow Express]] and the Underground's Piccadilly line serve a new shared [[Heathrow Terminal 5 station]]. A dedicated [[spur route|motorway spur]] links the terminal to the M25 (between junctions 14 and 15). The terminal has a 3,800{{nbsp}}spaces [[multi-storey car park]]. A more distant long-stay car park for business passengers is connected to the terminal by a [[personal rapid transit]] system, the [[London Heathrow Terminal 5 PRT|Heathrow Pod]], which became operational in the spring of 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Heathrow Pod Self Guided Tour Instructions |url=http://www.ultraglobalprt.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Ultra_SelfTour2.pdf |website=ultraglobalprt.com |publisher=Ultra Global PRT |access-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326034128/http://www.ultraglobalprt.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Ultra_SelfTour2.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> An [[automated people mover]] (APM) system, known as the [[Heathrow Terminal 5 Transit|Transit]], transports airside passengers between the main terminal building and the satellite concourses.<ref name="bombardier-heathrow">{{cite web |title=INNOVIA APM Automated People Mover System – London Heathrow, UK – the United Kingdom – Bombardier |url=https://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/projects/project.innovia-london-uk.html |website=Bombardier |access-date=29 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331113703/https://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/projects/project.innovia-london-uk.html |archive-date=31 March 2014 |date=31 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
===Terminal assignments===
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===Former Terminal 1===
{{Main|Heathrow Terminal 1}}
Terminal 1 opened in 1968 and was inaugurated by [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in April 1969.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://mediacentre.heathrow.com/pressrelease/details/81/Corporate-operational-24/4711|title=Heathrow – Heathrow bids farewell to Terminal 1|publisher=Heathrow|access-date=23 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310195758/http://mediacentre.heathrow.com/pressrelease/details/81/Corporate-operational-24/4711|archive-date=10 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ref_w">''Above Us The Skies: The Story of BAA'' – 1991 (Michael Donne – BAA plc), p. 40</ref> Terminal 1 was the Heathrow base for British Airways' (BA) domestic and European network and a few of its long haul routes before Terminal 5 opened. The acquisition of [[British Midland International]] (BMI) in 2012 by BA's owner [[International Airlines Group]] meant British Airways took over BMI's short-haul and medium-haul destinations from the terminal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Walton|first=John|title=British Airways takes over, rebrands BMI lounge at Heathrow T1|url=https://www.ausbt.com.au/british-airways-takes-over-rebrands-bmi-lounge-at-heathrow-t1|access-date=23 March 2018|work=Australian Business Traveller|date=31 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711064349/https://www.ausbt.com.au/british-airways-takes-over-rebrands-bmi-lounge-at-heathrow-t1|archive-date=11 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Terminal 1 was also the main base for most [[Star Alliance]] members though some were also based at Terminal 3. Prior to the opening of terminalTerminal 5, all domestic and [[Common Travel Area]] departures and arrivals needed to use terminalTerminal 1, which had separate departure piers for these flights.
 
Terminal 1 closed at the end of June 2015, and the site is now being used to extend Terminal 2<ref>{{cite news|title=Heathrow Terminal One deserted ahead of closure next month|url=http://www.itv.com/news/london/2015-05-28/heathrow-terminal-one-deserted-ahead-of-closure-next-month/|access-date=23 March 2018|work=ITV News|date=28 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315202357/http://www.itv.com/news/london/2015-05-28/heathrow-terminal-one-deserted-ahead-of-closure-next-month/|archive-date=15 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> which opened in June 2014. A number of the newer gates used by Terminal 1 were built as part of the Terminal 2 development and are being retained.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Calder|first1=Simon|title=Heathrow and Gatwick: Terminal confusion at London's airports|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/heathrow-and-gatwick-terminal-confusion-at-londons-airports-9997793.html|access-date=23 March 2018|work=The Independent|date=23 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107154727/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/heathrow-and-gatwick-terminal-confusion-at-londons-airports-9997793.html|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Paylor|first=Anne|title=London Heathrow turns out the lights in Terminal 1|url=http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/london-heathrow-turns-out-lights-terminal-1|publisher=[[Air Transport World]]|date=29 June 2015|access-date=23 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630124041/http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/london-heathrow-turns-out-lights-terminal-1|archive-date=30 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The last tenants along with [[British Airways]] were [[El Al]], [[Icelandair]] (moved to Terminal 2 on 25 March 2015) and [[LATAM Brasil]] (the third to move in to Terminal 3 on 27 May 2015). British Airways was the last operator in Terminal 1. Two flights of this carrier, one departing to [[Hanover]] and one arriving from [[Baku]], marked the terminal closure on 29 June 2015. British Airways operations have been relocated to Terminals 3 and 5.<ref name="Heathrow shuts doors on Terminal 1 flights">{{cite news|title=Heathrow shuts doors on Terminal 1 flights|first=James|last=Mellon|location=London|work=[[Flightglobal]]|date=30 June 2015|access-date=23 March 2018|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/heathrow-shuts-doors-on-terminal-1-flights-414153/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715015351/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/heathrow-shuts-doors-on-terminal-1-flights-414153/|archive-date=15 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
==Airlines and destinations==
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