Bipolar neuron: Difference between revisions

Oftentimes found in the retina of the eye, bipolar cells are crucial as they serve as both direct and indirect cell pathways. The specific location of the bipolar cells allow them to facilitate the pathway of signals that both start in the receptors as well as when they arrive at the ganglion cells. Bipolar cells in the retina are also unique as they do not fire impulses like the other cells found within the retina. Rather, bipolar cells have a receptive-field that surrounds them. Therefore, bipolar cells may exist as off-center or on-center. The off-center bipolar cells possess excitatory relationships with the synapses and are hyper-polarized by light. On-center bipolar cells have inhibitory synapses and therefore are suppressed in the dark. <ref> [http://hubel.med.harvard.edu/book/b12.htm] </ref>

Furthermore, bipolar neurons exist within the vestibular nerve as it is responsible for special sensory sensations including hearing, equilibrium and motion detection. The majority of the bipolar neurons belonging to the vestibular nerve exist within the vestibular ganglion with axons extending into the maculae of utricle and saccule as well as into the ampullae of the semicircular canals. <ref> [https://www.inkling.com/read/clinically-oriented-anatomy-moore-agur-dalley-7th/chapter-9/vestibulocochlear-nerve-cn-viii] </ref>