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Earliest human settlements in Sarawak date back to 40,000 years ago at the [[Niah National Park|Niah Caves]]. The state had a trading relationship with China during the 8th to 13th century AD. It came under the influence of the [[Bruneian Empire]] in the 16th century. The state was [[Kingdom of Sarawak|governed by the Brooke family]] in the 19th and 20th centuries. During [[World War II]], the state was [[Japanese occupation of British Borneo|occupied by the Japanese]] for three years before being ceded as a [[Crown Colony of Sarawak|British Crown Colony]] in 1946. On 22 July 1963, Sarawak was granted self-government by the British. Following this, Sarawak became one of the founding members of the [[Federation]] of Malaysia (established on 16 September 1963) alongside [[North Borneo]] (now Sabah), [[Singapore]] (expelled in 1965), and the [[Federation of Malaya]] ([[Peninsular Malaysia]] or West Malaysia). However, the federation was opposed by Indonesia, and this led to the three-year [[Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation]]. The state also experienced a [[Sarawak Communist Insurgency|communist insurgency]] from 1960 to 1990.
The state exhibits notable diversity in ethnicity, culture, and language. The head of state is the Governor, also known as [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak|Yang di-Pertua Negeri]], while the head of government is the [[Chief Minister of Sarawak|Chief Minister]]. The government system is closely modelled on the [[Westminster system|Westminster parliamentary system]] and has the earliest state legislature system in Malaysia. The state is divided into administrative divisions and districts.
Sarawak has abundant natural resources, and its economy is strongly export-oriented, mainly in oil and gas, [[timber]], and [[oil palm]]. Other industries are manufacturing, energy, and tourism.
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