Kiowa: Difference between revisions

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Further reading
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===Ledger art and hide painting===
{{Further|Ledger art|Plains hide painting}}
Early Kiowa ledger artists were those held in captivity by the U.S. Army at [[Fort Marion]] in [[St. Augustine, Florida]] (1875–1878) at the conclusion of the [[Red River War]], which also is known as the Southern Plains Indian War.<ref>[http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/kiowa/kiowa.htm Southern Plains Indian war]</ref> Ledger art emerges from the [[Plains hide painting]] tradition. These Fort Marion artists include Kiowas [[Etadleuh Doanmoe]] and [[Zotom]], who was a prolific artist who he chronicled his experiences before and after becoming a captive at the fort. After his release from Fort Marion, Paul Zom-tiam (Zonetime, Koba) studied theology from 1878 until 1881, when he was ordained as a deacon in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal church]].<ref>Viola 16</ref>
[[File:Ledger-sm2.jpg|thumb|250px|A Kiowa ledger drawing possibly depicting the Buffalo Wallow battle in 1874, a fight between Southern Plains Indians and the U.S. Army during the Red River War.]]