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{{featured article}}
{{stack begin}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Gomphus clavatus II Totes Gebirge.jpg
| image_width = 234px
| image_caption =
| genus = Gomphus (fungus)|Gomphus
| species = clavatus
| authority = ([[Christian Hendrik Persoon|Pers.]]) [[Samuel Frederick Gray|Gray]] (1821)<ref name="Gray 1821"/>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlMycoBank: Gomphus clavatus"/>
| synonyms =
{{collapsible list|bullets=true
|''Helvella purpurascens'' <small>[[Jacob Christian Schäffer|Schaeff.]] (1774)</small>
|''Agaricus purpurascens'' <small>(Schaeff.) [[August Johann Georg Karl Batsch|Batsch]] (1783)</small>
|''Merulius clavatus'' <small>Pers. (1796)</small>
|''Merulius purpurascens'' <small>(Schaeff.) Pers. (1797)</small>
|''Cantharellus clavatus'' <small>(Pers.) [[Elias Magnus Fries|Fr.]] (1821)</small>
|''Gomphora clavata'' <small>(Pers.) Fr. (1825)</small>
|''Craterellus clavatus'' <small>(Pers.) Fr. (1838)</small>
|''Thelephora clavata'' <small>(Pers.) [[P.Kumm.]] (1871)</small>
|''Neurophyllum clavatum'' <small>(Pers.) [[Narcisse Théophile Patouillard|Pat.]] (1886)</small>
|''Trombetta clavata'' <small>(Pers.) [[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]] (1891)</small>
}}
}}
{{mycomorphbox
| name = ''Gomphus clavatus''
| hymeniumType = ridges
| capShape = infundibuliform
| whichGills = decurrent
| stipeCharacter = bare
| sporePrintColor = yellow
| ecologicalType = mycorrhizal
| howEdible = edible
}}
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'''''Gomphus clavatus''''', [[common name|commonly known]] as '''pig's ears''' or the '''violet chanterelle''', is an [[edible mushroom|edible]] species of [[fungus]] in the genus ''[[Gomphus (fungus)|Gomphus]]'' native to Eurasia and North America. The [[basidiocarp|fruit body]] is vase- or fan-shaped with wavy edges to its rim, and grows up to {{convert|15-16|cm|in|abbr=on|frac=4}} wide and {{convert|17|cm|in|abbr=on|frac=4}} tall. The upper surface or [[pileus (mycology)|cap]] is orangish-brown to [[Lilac (color)|lilac]], while the lower [[basidiospore|spore]]-bearing surface, the [[hymenium]], is covered in wrinkles and ridges rather than [[lamella (mycology)|gills]] or pores, and is a distinctive purple color. [[Species description|Described]] by [[Jacob Christian Schäffer]] in 1774, ''G. clavatus'' has had several name changes and many alternative scientific names, having been classified as a [[chanterelle]] by several authorities, though it is not closely related to them.
Typically found in [[Temperate coniferous forest|coniferous forests]], ''G. clavatus'' is [[mycorrhiza]]l, and is associated with tree species in a variety of [[coniferous]] genera, particularly [[spruce]]s and [[fir]]s. It is more common at elevations of greater than {{convert|2000|ft|m|abbr=on|sigfig=1}}, in moist, shady areas with plenty of [[Plant litter|leaf litter]]. Although widespread, ''G. clavatus'' has become rare in many parts of [[Europe]] and extinct in the British Isles. It has been placed on the national [[Regional Red List|Red Lists]] of threatened fungi in 17 different European countries and is one of 33 species proposed for international conservation under the [[Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats|Bern Convention]].
==Taxonomy==
German naturalist [[Jacob Christian Schäffer]] described ''Elvela'' (subsequently ''[[Helvella]]'') ''purpurascens'' in 1774.<ref name="Schäffer 1774"/> Austrian naturalist [[Franz Xaver von Wulfen]] gave it the name ''Clavaria elveloides'' in 1781, reporting that it appeared in the [[Abies|fir]] tree forests around [[Klagenfurt]] in August and was common around [[Hüttenberg, Austria|Hüttenberg]]. He recorded that poor people ate it, giving it the local name ''hare's ear''.<ref name="Jacquin 1781"/> In 1796, mycologist [[Christian Hendrik Persoon]] [[species description|described]] ''G. clavatus'' as ''Merulius clavatus'', noting that it grew in grassy locations in woods. He noted it was the same species that Schäffer had described.<ref name="Persoon 1796"/> The [[botanical name|specific epithet]]—derived from the [[Latin language|Latin]] word ''clava'' (club) and meaning "club-shaped"<ref name="Stearn 2004"/>—refers to the shape of young fruit bodies.<ref name="Roody 2003"/> In his 1801 ''Synopsis methodica fungorum'', Persoon placed ''Merulius clavatus'' (recognising two [[variety (botany)|varieties]]—''violaceus'' and ''spadiceus'') in the [[section (biology)|section]] ''Gomphus'' within ''Merulius''.<ref name="Persoon 1801"/>
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