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==History==
===John Rolfe and Varina Plantation===
Varina was named for [[Varina Farms|Varina]] [[plantations in the American South|plantation]] established by [[John Rolfe]] about 1615 on the [[James River (Virginia)|James River]]<ref name="Nom Form">{{cite web|url=https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/043-0020_Varina_Plantation_1977_Final_Nomination.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Varina Plantation |publisher=[[National Park Service]]|author= |date=April 29, 1977 |accessdate=January 8, 2020}}</ref> about {{Convert|50|mi|km|abbr=out}} from the first settlement at [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]],<ref name="Hall p. 18">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DaFBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA18 |title=Jamestown [1607-1907]: A Sketch of the History and Present Condition of the Site of the First Permanent English Settlement in America |last=Hall |first=Edward Hagaman |date=1902 |publisher=American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society |pages=18 |language=en}}</ref>
===County seat and town===
The Native American massacre ([[Powhatan attack of 1622]]) resulted in the downfall of the Henricus settlement. The Varina settlement built up around much of Varina Plantation.<ref name="Nom Form" /><ref name="HHS-VD">{{Cite web |url=http://www.henricohistoricalsociety.org/varina.html |title=Varina District |website=Henrico County (Virginia) Historical Society |access-date=January 8, 2020}}</ref> Varina covered an area of 18 by 25 miles, but it later became known as Henrico. After that, Varina generally referred to the plantation.<ref name="HHS-VD" /> Varina became the [[county seat]] of Henrico when it was formed as one of the eight original [[shires of Virginia]] in 1634.
In 1666, the first courthouse was built at Varina for [[Henrico County, Virginia|Henrico County]].<ref name="DHR Varina">{{Cite web |title=043-0020 Varina Plantation |url=https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/043-0020/|website=Virginia Department of Historic Resources |access-date=January 8, 2020}}</ref> Varina was established as an [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] in 1680.
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===Varina historic districts===
Varina historic districts include: Cedar Hill and Armour House, [[Curles Neck Plantation|Curles Neck]], Dabbs House ([[Clover Forest Plantation]]), Dorey Barn, [[Gravel Hill, Henrico County, Virginia|Gravel Hill]], and Osborne School House.<ref name="HHS-VD" />
In November 1635, a land patent was attained by Captain Thomas Harris for 750 acres, of that 100 acres were awarded for being an early settler during the "time of Sir [[Thomas Dale]]".<ref name="Curles Neck" /> Harris represented Curles Neck at the [[House of Burgesses]]. His house was among the oldest in Virginia between 1635 and 1654, the ruins of which have been part of an archaeological study. The ruins were found near the existing house built in the early 18th century. It had tunnels to the James River to escape attacks by Native Americans.<ref name="Curles Neck" /> First called Longfield,{{efn|The plantation had a number of names, starting with Longfield, and including Strawberry Plains, Bremo, and other names.<ref name="Curles Neck" />}} it is now commonly known at Curles Neck Plantation,<ref name="Curles Neck" /> the residence of [[Nathaniel Bacon (Virginia)|Nathaniel Bacon]], who led [[Bacon's Rebellion]] during the Colonial period and also was known for his campaigns against Native Americans.<ref name="HPOI" /> Bacon lived at the plantation from 1674 until his death in 1676.<ref name="Curles Neck">{{Cite web |url=http://www.henricohistoricalsociety.org/varina.curlesneck.html |title=Henrico County (Virginia) Historical Society - Henrico County's Varina District - Curles Neck |website=www.henricohistoricalsociety.org |access-date=January 9, 2020}}</ref> The property was confiscated by the British after Bacon was found guilty of treason.<ref name="Curles Neck" /> In 1698, the [[Randolph family of Virginia]] and held the property for longer than other owners.<ref name="Curles Neck" /> The Georgian style plantation is believed to have been destroyed during the Civil War.<ref name="Curles Neck" />
[[File:Clover Forrest Plantation 3.jpg|thumb|left|[[Clover Forest Plantation]], one of the Varina District Historic Sites in [[Henrico County, Virginia]]]]
Clover Forest Plantation, or Dabbs House, was a residence of the [[Antebellum South]] which is located near the Eastern Government Center of Henrico and was the eastern headquarters of the Henrico's Division of Police.<ref name="HPOI" /> Chief Justice [[John Marshall]] owned the Chickahominy Farm near Meadowview Park as a country residence in the early 19th century.<ref name="Cedar Hill" />
The owner of Cedar Hill, James D. Vaughan, was a member of the [[10th Virginia Cavalry|10th Regiment of the Virginia Cavalry]] during the Civil War and had served in the [[Virginia militia]]. The Greek Revival style farmhouse, built in the 19th century, still survives but has been part of a project to restore the building and it was moved from its original location.<ref name="Cedar Hill">{{Cite web |url=http://www.henricohistoricalsociety.org/varina.cedarhillandarmourhouse.html |title=Henrico County (Virginia) Historical Society - Henrico County's Varina District - Cedar Hill and Armour House |website=www.henricohistoricalsociety.org |access-date=January 9, 2020}}</ref>
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===Civil War===
[[File:Varina landing, Virginia (vicinity). Aiken house on James River LOC cwpb.01763.jpg|thumb|Aiken house at Varina, 1861–1869.]]
During the Civil War, Clover Forest Plantation was [[Robert E. Lee]]'s headquarters for a period.<ref name="HPOI" /> The [[Seven Days Battle]] (1862) began in the Varian area and Lee was able to watch the battle from a bluff on what is now Meadowview Park.<ref name="Cedar Hill" /> Cedar Hill was used as a camp during the Seven Days Battle, including by Confederate units of Dershaws Division.<ref name="Cedar Hill" />
During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] (1861–1865), it was one of the two major Southern places for prisoner exchange.<ref name="DHR Varina" /> Union General [[Benjamin Butler]] took over the plantation for his official headquarters and the house and cabin housed his staff.<ref name="Nom Form" /> [[Robert E. Lee]], a Confederate soldier, established his Richmond-area headquarters at the [[Clover Forest Plantation|Dabbs House]].<ref name="HPOI">{{Cite web |url=https://henrico.us/history/landmarks/historical-points-of-interest/ |title=Historical Points of Interest - Henrico County, Virginia |website=henrico.us |access-date=January 9, 2020}}</ref>
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{{Henrico County, Virginia}}
{{Greater Richmond Region}}
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[[Category:Populated places in Henrico County, Virginia]]
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