Content deleted Content added
Iridescent (talk | contribs) m →Running: Cleanup and typo fixing, typo(s) fixed: peleton → peloton |
relocated running section as it was meshed in between two discussion of motorsports |
||
Line 30:
When cyclists ride fast they form a ''[[road bicycle racing|paceline]]''. Each cyclist, except the first, is drafting behind another one. In order to ride very fast, a team of some skilled cyclists may form the "Belgian tourniquet". Successively, each cyclist leads the group. Drafting can be ''cooperative'': several competitors take turns in the lead position (which requires the most effort and energy consumption). It can also be ''competitive'' or ''tactical'': one competitor will try to stay closely behind another, leaving him or her more energy for a break-away push to the finish line.
===Running===▼
Drafting behind another runner can conserve energy, although the effect is less than in cycling due to the fact that speeds are lower. ▼
[[Nike,_Inc.|Nike]] worked with the aerodynamics expert [[Robby Ketchell]] at the University of New Hampshire to experiment with and select a formation of [[pacemaker_(running)|pacemakers]] that would best minimize drag on the professionals it sponsored in the project it termed [[Breaking2]]. A [[Wired magazine]] report that interviewed various experts affiliated and unaffiliated with Nike found they universally expected more coordinated pacing efforts to occur in running after Breaking2, with two of the quoted experts predicting that behavior like "cooperative drafting," or races that incentivize cycling-peloton-like behavior could improve running times.<ref>{{cite AV media |people=Robbie Gonzalez (Narrator/Senior Writer, Wired Magazine), Rodger Kram (Biomechanics Expert, CU Boulder), Michael Joyner, M.D. (Exercise Physiology Researcher, Mayo Clinic), Chris Beves (Senior Engineer, Siemens PLM |date= June 29, 2017 |title=The Science of How Nike Nearly Cracked the Two-Hour Marathon {{!}} WIRED |medium= On-line Video |language=English |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6FS3D4a_kA |access-date= 2018-09-25 |time=6:35-9:12 |publisher= WIRED Magazine |ref= }}</ref>▼
===Motorsport===
Line 67 ⟶ 74:
[[Kyle Busch]] is largely responsible for a different type of bump drafting, which is now referred to as "two-car drafting"{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} and "tandem drafting".<ref name="Tandem banned" /> At a 2007 test session in Talladega, he asked [[Ryan Newman (racing driver)|Ryan Newman]] to push him from behind, and was stunned to realize he was two seconds faster with Newman's help. At the newly paved [[Daytona International Speedway]] in 2011, Busch was the first to realize that the corners were smooth enough to allow a two-car draft for the complete length of the track. During test sessions on the track, when Busch was pushed by his brother [[Kurt Busch|Kurt]]'s [[Penske Racing]] teammate [[Brad Keselowski]], they ran 15 mph faster than single cars. Other drivers quickly picked up on Busch's strategy, and the two-car draft dominated the [[2011 Daytona 500]] and [[2011 Budweiser Shootout|Budweiser Shootout]].<ref>Anderson, Lars. "The Kid Wins a Wild One", ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'', February 28, 2011.</ref> This strategy had also been very prominent at Talladega. In 2011, two-car tandem drafting was used for the extent of the [[2011 Aaron's 499|Aaron's 499]], with many drivers drafting their own teammates (e.g., [[Jimmie Johnson]] and [[Dale Earnhardt, Jr.]] drafted together, as did [[Jeff Gordon]] and [[Mark Martin]]). For the 2012 season, the Sprint Cup series cars were modified in a way that made the tandem impossible, in order to return to pack racing. In 2014, bump drafting was banned by NASCAR in the [[Nationwide Series]] and [[Camping World Truck Series]].<ref name="Tandem banned">{{cite web|last=Bruce|first=Kenny|url=http://www.nascar.com/en_us/news-media/articles/2014/1/11/nascar-tandem-drafting-penalty-nationwide-camping-world-truck-series.html|title=NASCAR to Penalize Tandem Drafting|publisher=[[NASCAR]]|date=January 11, 2014|accessdate=January 12, 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112221230/http://www.nascar.com/en_us/news-media/articles/2014/1/11/nascar-tandem-drafting-penalty-nationwide-camping-world-truck-series.html|archivedate=January 12, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
▲===Running===
▲Drafting behind another runner can conserve energy, although the effect is less than in cycling due to the fact that speeds are lower.
▲[[Nike,_Inc.|Nike]] worked with the aerodynamics expert [[Robby Ketchell]] at the University of New Hampshire to experiment with and select a formation of [[pacemaker_(running)|pacemakers]] that would best minimize drag on the professionals it sponsored in the project it termed [[Breaking2]]. A [[Wired magazine]] report that interviewed various experts affiliated and unaffiliated with Nike found they universally expected more coordinated pacing efforts to occur in running after Breaking2, with two of the quoted experts predicting that behavior like "cooperative drafting," or races that incentivize cycling-peloton-like behavior could improve running times.<ref>{{cite AV media |people=Robbie Gonzalez (Narrator/Senior Writer, Wired Magazine), Rodger Kram (Biomechanics Expert, CU Boulder), Michael Joyner, M.D. (Exercise Physiology Researcher, Mayo Clinic), Chris Beves (Senior Engineer, Siemens PLM |date= June 29, 2017 |title=The Science of How Nike Nearly Cracked the Two-Hour Marathon {{!}} WIRED |medium= On-line Video |language=English |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6FS3D4a_kA |access-date= 2018-09-25 |time=6:35-9:12 |publisher= WIRED Magazine |ref= }}</ref>
==Tailgating and hypermiling==
| |||