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==First attempts==
An early human-powered aircraft was the [[Gerhardt Cycleplane]], developed by W. Frederick Gerhardt at [[McCook Field]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]] in 1923. The aircraft had seven wings stacked nearly {{convert|15|ft}} high. The pilot pedaled a bicycle gear that turned the propeller. In early tests the craft was towed into the air by an automobile, and released. With Gerhardt as the pilot, the Cycleplane was able to maintain stable, level flight for short durations.<ref>Cornelisse (2002) {{Page needed|date=September 2011}}</ref> Its only human-powered takeoff was a short hop of {{convert|20|ft}} with the craft rising {{convert|2|ft|1}}.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41 |page=41 |workjournal=Popular Science |date=October 1923 |title=World's First Aerial Bicycle Flies |issn=0161-7370}}</ref>
[[File:Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft (1934).jpg|thumb|[[Engelbert Zaschka|Zaschka]]'s Human-Power Aircraft, Berlin 1934]]
In 1934, [[Engelbert Zaschka]] from Germany completed a large human-powered aircraft, the ''[[Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft]]''. On 11 July 1934, the Zaschka-HPA flew about 20 meters on the [[Berlin Tempelhof Airport]]; the HPA took off without [[assisted takeoff]].<ref>[http://siris-thesauri.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=11P8B0B391935.82&profile=planes&uri=link=3100019~!26176~!3100001~!3100002&aspect=subtab13&menu=search&ri=2&source=~!sithesauri&term=Zaschka&index= Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Washington: ''Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft (1934)'']</ref><ref>Lange, Bruno (1970). ''Das Buch der deutschen Luftfahrttechnik''. Verlag Dieter Hoffmann, p. 361.</ref>