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David Miscavige

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by SternComradeLoyalFascist (talk | contribs) at 05:20, 30 March 2012 (it is sourced and acknowledged that that man (Rathbun) is himself an abuser, hence relevant for inclusion and undeserving of suppression. Also, he and a number of the other fingerpointers are clearly on record with prior self-refutations). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

David Miscavige (born April 30, 1960) is the leader of the Church of Scientology and affiliated organizations. His title is Chairman of the Board of Religious Technology Center (RTC), a corporation that controls the trademarked names and symbols of Dianetics and Scientology. Miscavige was an assistant to Hubbard (a "Commodore's messenger") while a teenager.[2] He rose to a leadership position within the organization by the early 1980s and was named Chairman of the Board of RTC.[3] Miscavige's mandate is to protect the works of L. Ron Hubbard from distortion or misuse,[2] and to serve as ecclesiastical head of Scientology.[4][5]

David Miscavige
David Miscavige
Born (1960-04-30) April 30, 1960 (age 64)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
NationalityAmerican
TitleChairman of the Board
SpouseMichelle "Shelly" Miscavige
Websitehttp://davidmiscavige.rtc.org

Since assuming his leadership position, Miscavige has occasionally been faced with accounts sourced from disgruntled former parishioners alleging illegal and unethical practices, both personally and through his organizational management. These include reports of forced separation of family members, coercive fundraising practices, harassment of journalists and church critics, and public humiliation of church staff members, including physical assaults by Miscavige.[6][7] Miscavige and church spokespeople have consistently refuted these charges, often also authoring exposés that have served to weaken the credibility of the sources of the implied disparagement.[8][9][10] He has no criminal record and throughout his life has not been the subject of any adverse judicial or law enforcement findings, civil or otherwise.

Early life

David Miscavige was born in 1960[11] to Ronald "Ron" Miscavige, Sr. and his wife Loretta,[12] the youngest of their four children. Born in in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Miscavige was raised in New Jersey.[5] The Polish-Italian family was Roman Catholic.[12] As a child, David Miscavige suffered from asthma and severe allergies. His father, a trumpet player, became interested in Scientology, and he had David sent to a Scientologist. According to both father and son, a 45-minute Dianetics session cured his ailments. The family joined Scientology, eventually moving to the church's world headquarters in Saint Hill Manor, England.[12]

Scientology

Early activities

Miscavige joined Scientology in 1971. By the time he was 12 years old, he was assisting others to experience Scientology by conducting auditing sessions.[5] When he was 15, his family returned to Philadelphia, where he went to a local high school.[12] Miscavige has said that he was appalled by his classmates' drug use, and in 1976, on his sixteenth birthday, he left high school with his father's permission to move to Clearwater, Florida, and join the Sea Organization, an association of Scientologists established in 1968 by Hubbard.[13][12] Some of his earliest jobs included delivering telexes, grounds-keeping, serving food and taking photographs for Scientology brochures.[12] He rose in the organization to a point where, still a teenager, he was training and supervising staff many years older than he was,[12] and eventually came to work alongside Hubbard as his closest assistant.[14] In 1977, he worked directly under Hubbard as a cameraman for Scientology training films, in La Quinta, California.[13] Hubbard appointed him to the Commodore's Messenger Organization (CMO), responsible for enforcing Hubbard's policies within the individual Scientology organizations; he became head of the CMO in 1979.[13]

Rise to leadership

By 1980, L. Ron Hubbard was not appearing at public functions related to Scientology, and Miscavige took effective control of the organization.[15] In 1981, he was placed in charge of the Watchdog Committee and the All Clear Unit, with the task of handling the various legal claims against Hubbard. After the Guardian's Office's criminal involvement in Operation Snow White, he persuaded Mary Sue Hubbard to resign from the Guardian's Office (GO), and purged several top GO officials through ethics proceedings.[16] The St. Petersburg Times, in a 1998 article "The Man Behind Scientology," says: "During two heated encounters, Miscavige persuaded Mary Sue Hubbard to resign. Together they composed a letter to Scientologists confirming her decision -- all without ever talking to L. Ron Hubbard."[12] She subsequently changed her mind, believing that she had been tricked, and wrote to her husband to complain but received no response. Later, she reappointed herself Controller, rescinding the CMO's permission to investigate the GO; CMO staff investigating the GO were physically expelled from the Church of Scientology's Los Angeles headquarters, and the Controller's files were guarded day and night. She attempted to contact her husband to rescind the CMO's takeover bid but failed, and admitted defeat only when the Messengers produced an undated dispatch from Hubbard instructing the GO to be put under the CMO when its senior executives went to prison.[17] Despite this, Miscavige claims he and Mary Sue Hubbard remained friends thereafter.[18]

In 1982, Miscavige set up a new organizational structure to release Hubbard from personal liability and to handle the Scientology founder's personal wealth through a corporate entity outside of the Scientology organization.[13] He established the Religious Technology Center, in charge of licensing Scientology's intellectual property, and Author Services Inc. to manage the proceeds.[16] Miscavige has held the title of Chairman of the Board of the Religious Technology Center since the organization's founding.[2] The Church of Spiritual Technology was created at the same time with an option to repurchase all of RTC's intellectual property rights.[16] In a 1982 probate case, Ronald DeWolf, Hubbard's estranged son, accused Miscavige of embezzling from and manipulating his father. Hubbard denied this in a written statement, saying that his business affairs were being well managed by Author Services Inc., of which Miscavige was the chairman of the board. In the same document L. Ron Hubbard called David Miscavige a "trusted associate" and "good friend" who had kept Hubbard's affairs in good order. A judge ruled the statement was authentic. [19] The case was dismissed on June 27, 1983.[18]

In October 1982, Miscavige required Scientology Missions to enter new trademark usage contracts which established stricter policies on the use of Scientology materials.[20][21] Over the two years following the formation of the RTC, Miscavige and his RTC team replaced most of Scientology's upper and middle management.[22] A number of those ousted attempted to establish breakaway organizations, such as the Advanced Ability Center led by David Mayo, a former RTC board member who had also been Hubbard's personal auditor.[22][23]

When L. Ron Hubbard died in 1986, Miscavige announced the death to Scientologists at the Hollywood Palladium.[24] Shortly before Hubbard's death, an apparent order from him circulated in the Sea Org that promoted Scientologist Pat Broeker and his wife to the new rank of Loyal Officer, making them the highest-ranking members; Miscavige asserted this order had been forged.[25] After Hubbard's death, Miscavige assumed the position of head of the Scientology organization.[26]

Negotiations with IRS

In 1991 Miscavige, together with Mark Rathbun, visited IRS headquarters to arrange a meeting with Commissioner Fred T. Goldberg, Jr.. For more than two decades, the IRS had refused to recognize Scientology as a nonprofit charitable organization, a status granted to most established religious organizations. Prior to this meeting, Scientology had filed more than fifty lawsuits against the IRS and, according to the New York Times, "Scientology's lawyers hired private investigators to dig into the private lives of I.R.S. officials and to conduct surveillance operations to uncover potential vulnerabilities... [and] taken documents from an I.R.S. conference and sent them to church officials and created a phony news bureau in Washington to gather information on church critics. The church also financed an organization of I.R.S. whistle-blowers that attacked the agency publicly." [27] At the meeting with Commissioner Goldberg, Miscavige offered to cease Scientology's suits against the I.R.S. in exchange for tax exemptions.[27] This led to a two-year negotiating process, in which IRS tax analysts were ordered to ignore the substantive issues because the issues had been resolved prior to review. Ultimately, the church was granted recognition as a nonprofit religious or charitable organization in the U.S., which creates a tax exemption for the Church of Scientology International and its organizations, and tax deductions for those who contribute to their programs.[5][27] Senior Scientology officials and the I.R.S later issued a statement that the ruling was based on a two-year inquiry and voluminous documents that showed the church was qualified for the exemptions. [27]

To announce the settlement with the IRS, Miscavige gathered a reported 10,000 members of Scientology in the Los Angeles Sports Arena, where he delivered a two-and-a-half-hour address and proclaimed, "The war is over!".[5] [27] The crowd gave Miscavige an ovation that lasted more than ten minutes. [1]

External performance appraisal

Occasionally since assuming his leadership role, Miscavige has been faced with challenges alleging the existence of unethical practices indulged by the Church or himself personally. A hyperbolic 1991 Time magazine cover story on his faith tagged Miscavige with the epithet "ringleader" of what is proposed to label a "hugely profitable global racket that survives by intimidating members and critics in a Mafia-like manner."[4]

In 2009, the St Petersburg Times published ultimately untested allegations by former high-ranking executives of Scientology that Miscavige routinely humiliates and physically beats his staff.[6] This included self-controverting testimonies from both Mike Rinder, former director of the organization's Office of Special Affairs who for years had been the official spokesperson for Scientology, and Mark Rathbun, the former Inspector General of the Religious Technology Center. According to Rathbun, who has elsewhere plainly related his own exploits in verbally and physically abusing co-workers, subordinates and employed service personnel[28] , Miscavige was "constantly denigrating and beating on people."[6]

Without leading to any charges or formal findings similar allegations had been floated in earlier times.[29] In a 1995 interview for ITV, Stacy Young, Miscavige's former secretary and the ex-wife of Hubbard's former public relations spokesman, Robert Vaughn Young, had previously uttered self-contradicting statements that Miscavige emotionally tormented staff members on a regular basis. "His viciousness and his cruelty to staff was unlike anything that I had ever experienced in my life," she said. "He just loved to degrade the staff."[30] Jeff Hawkins, a former marketing guru for Scientology, claimed to have attended a meeting where Miscavige "He jumped up on the conference room table, like with his feet right on the conference room table, launched himself across the table at me. I was standing, battered my face, and then shoved me down on the floor. "[31] Church executive David Bloomberg confirmed that there was a physical confrontation during the meeting but stated that it was Hawkins who became belligerent and attacked Miscavige. In the confrontation Hawkins fell out of his chair and ended up putting a scissor lock on Miscavige's legs. Bloomberg stated "Mr. Miscavige did not touch Jeff Hawkins."[32]

Church representatives have consistently refuted such accusations, highlighting how the allegations have invariably been sourced from apostates motivated by bitterness and/or engaged in attempts to extract money from the church.[6] [33][34] An issue of the church's "Freedom" magazine was dedicated to praising Miscavige and attacking the "Truth Rundown" series, featuring articles titled "Merchants of Chaos: Journalistic Double-dealing at the St. Petersburg Times." and "The Bigotry Behind the Times’ Facade of Responsible Journalism."[35] Miscavige sent an open letter to the newspaper challenging the integrity of the reporters and labeling their sources as "lying" after the persons in question had been removed from the organization for "fundamental crimes against the Scientology religion."[9] The church also commissioned an independent review of the St. Petersburg Times's reporting, but have not, to date, released those findings.[36][37][36] [37][36]

"Inside Scientology: The Truth Rundown" was recognized with journalistic honors, including the 2010 Gold Medal for Public Service award from the Florida Society of News Editors.[38][39] [40][41] The series was cited as a basis for subsequent journalistic investigations, including a weeklong series hosted on the CNN network by Anderson Cooper.

Though he and the Scientology organization have been the subject of much press attention, Miscavige has rarely spoken directly to the press. Exceptions include a televised 1992 interview by Ted Koppel of ABC News,[42] a 1998 newspaper interview with the St. Petersburg Times,[43] and a 1998 appearance in an A&E Investigative Reports installment called "Inside Scientology." [44]

Success as chief executive

As Chairman of the Board of the Religious Technology Center, David Miscavige works primarily from Scientology's Gold Base near Hemet, California.[13][45][46] Scientologists often refer to him as "DM", or "C.O.B.", for chairman of the board.[20][47] In their 2007 book, Extraordinary Groups: An Examination of Unconventional Lifestyles, W. W. Zellner and Richard T. Schaefer noted that "David Miscavige has been the driving force behind the Church of Scientology for the past two decades" and that "Miscavige's biography and speeches are second only to Hubbard in dominating the official Scientology Web site. [...] He is acknowledged as the ultimate ecclesiastical authority regarding the standard and pure application of L. Ron Hubbard's religious theories."[5]

Miscavige's is acknowledged humbly within Scientology as "a servant of Hubbard's message, not an agent in his own right."[48] Miscavige uses church publications as well as professionally produced videos of gala events, at which he acts as master of ceremonies, to communicate with Scientologists worldwide.[1]

David Miscavige initiated a strategy in 2003 to build new Churches of Scientology in every major city in the world. Since then, no less than twenty-nine new Churches have been opened, a number of them in the world's cultural capitals, including Madrid, New York, London, and Berlin.[49][50] Further, in 2011 five new Churches opened, including Melbourne, Moscow, Tampa, Twin Cities and in Inglewood a new church and community center.[51][52][53] Just in January 2012, New Ideal Churches opened in Hamburg, Germany and in the California State Capitol Sacramento.[54] Another 60 Churches are in design, planning or construction phases, including over a quarter of a million square feet under construction in Tel Aviv, Cincinnati, Copenhagen, Pretoria, Santa Ana in California and Harlem in New York. [55] Within Scientology, Miscavige has spearheaded and devoted himself to a large-scale, 25-year project of issuing unreleased, expanded and corrected editions of Hubbard's books and lectures, including translating many works into other languages: work widely acknowledged among Scientologists as "bringing about a renaissance of Scientology materials".[56]

Family and personal life

Miscavige is married to fellow Sea Org member Shelly Miscavige, who, according to Lawrence Wright in The New Yorker, "disappeared" in 2006, and "her current status is unknown." Wright's sources allege that her disappearance occurred after she "filled several job vacancies without her husband’s permission." [57] His older brother Ronald Miscavige, Jr. was an executive in the Sea Organization for a time,[25] but left the Church of Scientology in 2000.[58] His sister, Denise Licciardi, was hired by major Scientology donor Bryan Zwan as a top executive for the Clearwater, Florida-based company Digital Lightwave, where she was linked to an accounting scandal.[59] [60] Ronald's daughter Jenna Miscavige Hill, niece of David Miscavige, remained in the Sea Org until 2005, and since has become an outspoken critic of the Scientology organization.

Miscavige is close to actor Tom Cruise,[10] and served as best man at Cruise's wedding to Katie Holmes.[61]

Miscavige is a firearms enthusiast who enjoys skeet shooting.[10] In the 1998 St. Petersburg Times interview he named playing the piano, underwater photography and trail biking among his other hobbies.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The man behind Scientology". part 4. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
  2. ^ a b c Christensen, Dorthe Reflsund (2004). "Inventing L. Ron Hubbard". In James R. Lewis (scholar) (ed.). Controversial New Religions. Oxford University Press. p. 247. ISBN 0195156838.
  3. ^ Young, Robert Vaughn (November/December 1993). "Scientology from inside out". Quill magazine. 81 (9). {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ a b Behar, Richard (May 6, 1991). "The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power". Time Magazine. Time, Inc. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Zellner, William W. (2007). "David Miscavige". In William W. Zellner (ed.). Extraordinary Groups: An Examination of Unconventional Lifestyles. Worth Publishers, 8th Edition. pp. 285–286. ISBN 0716770342. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b c d Joe Childs, Thomas C. Tobin (June 23, 2009). "The Truth Run Down". St Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
  7. ^ Joe Childs, Thomas C. Tobin (June 23, 2009). "Inside Scientology: A Times Investigation". St Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
  8. ^ "Ex-members spar with Scientology over beating allegations". CNN. March 30, 2010.
  9. ^ a b Joe Childs, Thomas C. Tobin (June 23, 2009). "A letter from David Miscavige". St Petersburg Times. Retrieved June 23, 2009.
  10. ^ a b c Hoffman, Claire (December 18, 2005). "Tom Cruise and Scientology". Los Angeles Times. www.latimes.com. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
  11. ^ Neusner, Jacob (2009). World Religions in America: An Introduction. Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 293, 298. ISBN 0664233201.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The man behind Scientology". part 2. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
  13. ^ a b c d e Times Staff Writer (June 20, 2009). "David Miscavige bio, and bios of Scientology officials who defected". St. Petersburg Times. www.tampabay.com. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
  14. ^ Goldwag, Arthur (2009). Cults, Conspiracies, and Secret Societies. Vintage. p. 102. ISBN 0307390675.
  15. ^ Chryssides, George D. (2006). The A to Z of New Religious Movements. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 163. ISBN 0810855887.
  16. ^ a b c Lamont, Stewart (1986). Religion Inc.: The Church of Scientology. London: Harrap. p. 95. ISBN 0245543341.
  17. ^ Atack, Jon (1990). A Piece of Blue Sky. New York, NY: Carol Publishing Group. p. 266-7. ISBN 081840499X.
  18. ^ a b Miller, Russell (1987). Bare-faced Messiah, The True Story of L. Ron Hubbard (First American ed.). New York: Henry Holt & Co. pp. 305–306, 369. ISBN 0-8050-0654-0.
  19. ^ "The man behind Scientology". Retrieved 2011-05-13.
  20. ^ a b Sappell, Joel (June 24, 1990). "The Man In Control". Los Angeles Times. p. A41:4. Retrieved 2006-06-06. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "Mystery of the Vanished Ruler". TIME. January 31, 1983. Retrieved August 10, 2007.
  22. ^ a b Nordhausen, Frank; von Billerbeck, Liane (2008). Scientology. Wie der Sektenkonzern die Welt erobern will. Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag. pp. 278, 288, 302. ISBN 978-3-86153-470-9Template:Inconsistent citations{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) Template:De icon
  23. ^ Abgrall, Jean-Marie (1999). Soul Snatchers: The Mechanics of Cults. Algora Publishing. p. 294. ISBN 978-1892941046.
  24. ^ American Society of Magazine Editors (2007). The Best American Magazine Writing 2007. Columbia University Press. pp. 311, 323. ISBN 0231143915. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  25. ^ a b Atack, Jon (1990). "Chapter Four—The Young Rulers". A Piece of Blue Sky. Lyle Stuart. pp. 362, 448. ISBN 0-8184-0499-X.
  26. ^ Gallagher, Eugene V. (2006). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Greenwood. pp. 98, 120, 173. ISBN 0275987175. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ a b c d e Frantz, Douglas (March 9, 1997). "Scientology's Puzzling Journey From Tax Rebel to Tax Exempt". The New York Times. New York Times Company. Retrieved January 22, 2008. Cite error: The named reference "query.nytimes" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  28. ^ http://articles.cnn.com/2010-03-30/us/scientology.violence_1_marty-rathbun-scientology-david-miscavige?_s=PM:US Ex-members spar with Scientology over beating allegations
  29. ^ Davis, Matt (August 7, 2008). "Selling Scientology: A Former Scientologist Marketing Guru Turns Against the Church". Retrieved August 10, 2008.
  30. ^ "Inside the Cult". The Big Story. ITV. 1995.
  31. ^ [1], CNN, 30 March, 2010
  32. ^ Tobin, Thomas; Childs, Joe (June 23, 2009). "Scientology: Ecclesiastical Justice, Part 3 of 3 in a special report on the Church of Scientology". Retrieved December 11, 2011.
  33. ^ "The man behind Scientology". Retrieved 2011-04-09.
  34. ^ "Scientology: Origins, celebrities and holdings". Retrieved 2011-04-09.
  35. ^ no author credited (no date, 2009). "Special Report: Inside the S.P. Times". Freedom Magazine. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ^ a b c Finn, Scott (February 25, 2010). "Scientology Hires Reporters to Investigate St. Petersburg Times". WUSF Public Media. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
  37. ^ a b Urban, Hugh B. (March 17, 2010). "The Rundown Truth: Scientology Changes Strategy in War with Media". Religion Dispatches. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
  38. ^ Sentinel Staff Report (June 18, 2010). "Orlando Sentinel wins 17 awards from Florida Society of News Editors". Orlando Sentinel. Florida: www.orlandosentinel.com. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
  39. ^ Florida Society of News Editors (June 18, 2010). "FSNE Gold Medal for Public Service". FSNE 2010 Journalism Awards. Florida: fsne.org. Retrieved 2010-06-18. Inside Scientology - The St. Petersburg Times reporting on the Church of Scientology is in the finest traditions of American journalism. The reporting by Joseph Childs and Thomas Tobin stands out for the ways in which it held accountable the powerful. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  40. ^ "Winners of 76th Annual National Headliner Awards". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. March 24, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-25. [dead link]
  41. ^ "Print Division - Daily Newspapers and News Syndicates - Writing & Reporting". National Headliner Awards. www.nationalheadlinerawards.com. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
  42. ^ Koppel, Ted (February 14, 1992). "David Miscavige interview". Nightline. ABC News. Retrieved 2010-10-12. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  43. ^ Tobin, Thomas C. (October 25, 1998). "The Man Behind Scientology". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  44. ^ "Inside Scientology". Investigative Reports. A & E. December 14, 1998.
  45. ^ Reitman, Janet (March 9, 2006). "Inside Scientology". Rolling Stone (995). www.rollingstone.com: 57. Retrieved 2010-10-12. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  46. ^ Streeter, Michael (2008). Behind Closed Doors. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd. p. 230. ISBN 1845379373.
  47. ^ Frenschkowski, Marco (2010-01-01). "Researching Scientology: Some Observations on Recent Literature, English and German". Alternative Spirituality and Religion Review. 1 (1). Academic Publishing: 36–37. ISSN 1946-0538. Retrieved 2011-01-13. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  48. ^ Lewis, James R. (2007). The Invention of Sacred Tradition. Cambridge University Press. p. 36. ISBN 0521864798. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  49. ^ [www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article1975105.ece "'Church' that yearns for respectability"]. Retrieved 2011-04-27. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  50. ^ "Scientology Opens New National Organization for Mexico in The City Of Palaces". Retrieved 2011-04-27.
  51. ^ "Video Photo Map Marketplace Advertisement Scientologists show off restored cigar factory". Retrieved 2011-12-07.
  52. ^ "EXCLUSIVE: St. Paul Scientology Church Gives Tour". Retrieved 2011-12-07.
  53. ^ "Church of Scientology moves to Inglewood". Retrieved 2011-12-07.
  54. ^ "Email Print Scientology Offers Open House For New Downtown Sacramento Building". Retrieved 2012-02-09.
  55. ^ "Church of Scientology responds: Parishioners donate 'because they enthusiastically support their chosen faith'". Retrieved 2011-12-07.
  56. ^ "New Recordings of L. Ron Hubbard Released". CBS News. January 8, 2010. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
  57. ^ Lawrence Wright. The Apostate: Paul Haggis Vs. the Church of Scientology The New Yorker. February 14, 2011. Quote "According to Rinder and Brousseau, in June, 2006, while Miscavige was away from the Gold Base, his wife, Shelly, filled several job vacancies without her husband’s permission. Soon afterward, she disappeared. Her current status is unknown. Tommy Davis told me, 'I definitely know where she is,' but he won’t disclose where that is."
  58. ^ Jacobsen, Jonny (January 28, 2008). "Niece of Scientology's leader backs Cruise biography". Agence France-Presse. Google News. Retrieved March 11, 2008.
  59. ^ O'Neil, Deborah (June 2, 2002). "The CEO and his church: Months of interviews and thousands of pages of court papers show the effect that influential church members had on a Clearwater company that was a darling of the dot-com boom". St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2010-10-12. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  60. ^ Harrington, Jeff (May 10, 2003). "Digital Whistleblower Finally Wins". St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
  61. ^ "John Sweeney revisits the Church of Scientology". BBC News. BBC. September 26, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-15.

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