Content deleted Content added
Why are pigs featured prominently and placed right under the Islamic Mallorca? This is a bizarre and offensive, be more objective and work on pigs exclusively in their relevant domain. Tags: Reverted Visual edit |
Reverted 1 edit by 71.36.195.159 (talk): The text about porc negre is *not* "right under" the "Islamic Mallorca" section; the info is given in chronological order, and it is not offensive |
||
Line 51:
===Prehistoric settlements===
[[File:Talaiot.jpg|thumb|Example of prehistoric talaiot in Mallorca]]▼
The Balearic Islands were first colonised by humans during the [[3rd millennium BC]], around 2500–2300 BC from the Iberian Peninsula or southern France, by people associated with the [[Bell Beaker culture]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fernandes|first1=Daniel M.|last2=Mittnik|first2=Alissa|last3=Olalde|first3=Iñigo|last4=Lazaridis|first4=Iosif|last5=Cheronet|first5=Olivia|last6=Rohland|first6=Nadin|last7=Mallick|first7=Swapan|last8=Bernardos|first8=Rebecca|last9=Broomandkhoshbacht|first9=Nasreen|last10=Carlsson|first10=Jens|last11=Culleton|first11=Brendan J.|date=1 March 2020|title=The spread of steppe and Iranian-related ancestry in the islands of the western Mediterranean|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=334–345|doi=10.1038/s41559-020-1102-0|issn=2397-334X|pmc=7080320|pmid=32094539|bibcode=2020NatEE...4..334F }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alcover|first=Josep Antoni|date=1 March 2008|title=The First Mallorcans: Prehistoric Colonization in the Western Mediterranean|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-008-9010-2|journal=Journal of World Prehistory|language=en|volume=21|issue=1|pages=19–84|doi=10.1007/s10963-008-9010-2|s2cid=161324792|issn=1573-7802|access-date=14 February 2022|archive-date=25 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025182536/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10963-008-9010-2|url-status=live}}</ref> The arrival of humans resulted in the rapid extinction of the three species of terrestrial mammals native to Mallorca, the dwarf goat-antelope [[Myotragus|''Myotragus balearicus'']], the giant dormouse ''[[Hypnomys morpheus]],'' and the shrew ''[[Nesiotites hidalgo]]'', all three of which had been continuously present on Mallorca for over 5 million years.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Valenzuela|first1=Alejandro|last2=Torres-Roig|first2=Enric|last3=Zoboli|first3=Daniel|last4=Pillola|first4=Gian Luigi|last5=Alcover|first5=Josep Antoni|date=29 November 2021|title=Asynchronous ecological upheavals on the Western Mediterranean islands: New insights on the extinction of their autochthonous small mammals|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09596836211060491|journal=The Holocene|volume=32|issue=3|language=en|pages=137–146|doi=10.1177/09596836211060491|s2cid=244763779|issn=0959-6836|access-date=23 January 2022|archive-date=23 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223095632/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09596836211060491|url-status=live}}</ref> The island's prehistoric settlements are called ''talaiots'' or ''talayots''. The people of the islands raised Bronze Age megaliths as part of their [[Talaiotic culture]].<ref name="MALRCA1">{{cite book|title=Mallorca|last=Tisdall|first=Nigel|publisher=Thomas Cook Publishing|date=2003|isbn=9781841573274|page=11}}</ref> A non-exhaustive list of settlements is the following:▼
▲The Balearic Islands were first colonised by humans during the [[3rd millennium BC]], around 2500–2300 BC from the Iberian Peninsula or southern France, by people associated with the [[Bell Beaker culture]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fernandes|first1=Daniel M.|last2=Mittnik|first2=Alissa|last3=Olalde|first3=Iñigo|last4=Lazaridis|first4=Iosif|last5=Cheronet|first5=Olivia|last6=Rohland|first6=Nadin|last7=Mallick|first7=Swapan|last8=Bernardos|first8=Rebecca|last9=Broomandkhoshbacht|first9=Nasreen|last10=Carlsson|first10=Jens|last11=Culleton|first11=Brendan J.|date=1 March 2020|title=The spread of steppe and Iranian-related ancestry in the islands of the western Mediterranean|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|language=en|volume=4|issue=3|pages=334–345|doi=10.1038/s41559-020-1102-0|issn=2397-334X|pmc=7080320|pmid=32094539|bibcode=2020NatEE...4..334F }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alcover|first=Josep Antoni|date=1 March 2008|title=The First Mallorcans: Prehistoric Colonization in the Western Mediterranean|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-008-9010-2|journal=Journal of World Prehistory|language=en|volume=21|issue=1|pages=19–84|doi=10.1007/s10963-008-9010-2|s2cid=161324792|issn=1573-7802|access-date=14 February 2022|archive-date=25 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025182536/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10963-008-9010-2|url-status=live}}</ref> The arrival of humans resulted in the rapid extinction of the three species of terrestrial mammals native to Mallorca, the dwarf goat-antelope [[Myotragus|''Myotragus balearicus'']], the giant dormouse ''[[Hypnomys morpheus]],'' and the shrew ''[[Nesiotites hidalgo]]'', all three of which had been continuously present on Mallorca for over 5 million years.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Valenzuela|first1=Alejandro|last2=Torres-Roig|first2=Enric|last3=Zoboli|first3=Daniel|last4=Pillola|first4=Gian Luigi|last5=Alcover|first5=Josep Antoni|date=29 November 2021|title=Asynchronous ecological upheavals on the Western Mediterranean islands: New insights on the extinction of their autochthonous small mammals|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09596836211060491|journal=The Holocene|volume=32|issue=3|language=en|pages=137–146|doi=10.1177/09596836211060491|s2cid=244763779|issn=0959-6836|access-date=23 January 2022|archive-date=23 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223095632/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09596836211060491|url-status=live}}</ref> The island's prehistoric settlements are called ''talaiots'' or ''talayots''. The people of the islands raised Bronze Age megaliths as part of their [[Talaiotic culture]].<ref name=
* [[Capocorb Vell]] ([[Llucmajor]] municipality)
* Necròpoli de Son Real (east of Can Picafort, [[Santa Margalida]] municipality)
Line 73 ⟶ 75:
====Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages====
▲[[File:Talaiot.jpg|thumb|Example of prehistoric talaiot in Mallorca]]
In 534, Mallorca was recaptured{{from whom?|date=November 2023}} by the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]], led by [[Apollinarius (governor)|Apollinarius]]. Under Roman rule, [[Christianity]] thrived and numerous churches were built.
From 707, the island was increasingly attacked by [[Islam|Muslim]] raiders from North Africa. Recurrent invasions led the islanders to ask [[Charlemagne]] for help.<ref name="The Dark Ages in Mallorca"
====Islamic Mallorca====
[[File:Arab baths in palma de mallorca.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Arab Baths in [[Palma, Majorca|Palma]]]]
In 902, Issam al-Khawlani<sup>([[:w:es:Issam al-Khawlaní|es]])([[:w:ca:Issam al-Khawlaní|ca]])</sup> ({{lang-ar|عصام الخولاني}}) conquered the Balearic Islands, and it became part of the [[Emirate of Córdoba]]. The town of Palma was reshaped and expanded, and became known as Medina Mayurqa. Later on, with the [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] at its height, the [[Muslim]]s improved agriculture with [[irrigation]] and developed local industries.
Line 84 ⟶ 87:
====Medieval Mallorca====
{{Main|Conquest of Majorca}}
In the ensuing confusion and unrest, King [[James I of Aragon|James I of Aragon]], also known as James the Conqueror, launched an [[Conquest of Majorca|invasion]] which landed at [[Santa Ponsa|Santa Ponça]], Mallorca, on 8–9 September 1229 with 15,000 men and 1,500 horses. His forces entered the city of Medina Mayurqa on 31 December 1229. In 1230, he annexed the island to his [[Crown of Aragon]] under the name [[Kingdom of Majorca|''Regnum Maioricae'']].
▲In the ensuing confusion and unrest, King [[James I of Aragon|James I of Aragon]], also known as James the Conqueror, launched an [[Conquest of Majorca|invasion]] which landed at [[Santa Ponsa|Santa Ponça]], Mallorca, on 8–9 September 1229 with 15,000 men and 1,500 horses. His forces entered the city of Medina Mayurqa on 31 December 1229. In 1230, he annexed the island to his [[Crown of Aragon]] under the name [[Kingdom of Majorca|''Regnum Maioricae'']].[[File:Porc Negre.JPG|thumb|right|Archeological evidence indicates the presence of the ''porc negre'' (black pig) in pre-Roman settlements.<ref>[http://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a78/00800273.pdf "The Mallorca Black pig: Production system, conservation and breeding strategies"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224053048/http://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a78/00800273.pdf |date=24 February 2017 }}, J. Jaume, M. Gispert, M.A. Oliver, E. Fàbrega, N. Trilla, and J. Tibau. Institut Balear de Biologia Animal. 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2017</ref>]]
=== Modern era ===
[[File:Insula Maioricae Vicentius Mut 1683.jpg|thumb|A 1683 map of Mallorca, by [[Vicente Mut Armengol|Vicente Mut]]]]
| |||