نویدن

Persian

Etymology

The "whimper, moan" meanings are from Proto-Iranian *naw(H)- (“to cry, wail”), from Proto-Indo-European *newH- (“to cry out, shout”), whence Sanskrit नु (nu, “to sound out, praise”), Tocharian B nu- (“to cry out, threaten”), Old Irish núall (“cry, alarm, proclamation”), and perhaps Latin nūntius (“message”).^[1]

The "quiver, tremble" meanings are from Proto-Iranian *naw- (“to move”), from Proto-Indo-European *new- (“to nod (the head)”), with presumed semantic shift "to give a nod" > "to move in a shaking way".^[2]

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [na.wiː.ˈðan]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [nä.wiː.d̪ǽn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [nä.wiː.d̪ǽn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [nä.wi.d̪ǽn]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [næ.viː.d̪ǽn]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [nä.vi.d̪ǽn]

Readings
Classical reading^?	nawīḏan
Dari reading^?	nawīdan
Iranian reading^?	navidan
Tajik reading^?	navidan

Verb


Iranian Persian	نویدن
Dari	نویدن
Tajik	навидан

نویدن • (navidan)

to whimper
to moan
to tremble
to quiver

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

References

^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 284-5
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*nau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 284

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit निवेदन (nivedana).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /nɪ.ʋeː.d̪ən/

Noun

نِویدَن • (nivedan) m (Hindi spelling निवेदन)

request, appeal, petition
Synonyms: فَرْمائِش (farmāiś), مانْگ (māṅg), خَواہِش (xavāhiś), تَمَنّاَ (tamannā)

وزیرِ اعظم سے ہمارے ایک نِویدَن ہے. ― We have a request for Prime minister
revealing, making known
transferring, handing over

[1] Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 284-5

[2] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*nau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 284

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