Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/marką

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *markō (“rand, border, edge”), from Proto-Indo-European *marǵ- (“edge, boundary, border”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɑr.kɑ̃/

Noun

*marką n

1. mark, sign, stamp

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *marką (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*marką	*markō
vocative	*marką	*markō
accusative	*marką	*markō
genitive	*markas, *markis	*markǫ̂
dative	*markai	*markamaz
instrumental	*markō	*markamiz

Derived terms

• *markijaną
• *markōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *mark
  • Old English: marc
    • Middle English: mark
      • English: mark
      • Scots: mark, merk
    • → Irish: marg
  • Old Frisian: merk
    • Saterland Frisian: Määrk
    • West Frisian: merk
  • Old Saxon: mark, merk
    • Middle Low German: mark
      • German Low German: Mark
  • Old Dutch: marc
    • Middle Dutch: marc, marc
      • Dutch: merk
        • Afrikaans: merk
  • Old High German: marc n
    • Middle High German: marc, marche, marke (chiefly f, influenced by *marku)
      • German: Mark f
        • → Yiddish: מאַרק (mark)
        • → Luxembourgish: Mark
  • → Medieval Latin: marcus (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: mark, mǫrk n pl
  • Icelandic: mark, mörk n pl
  • Faroese: mark
  • Norwegian: mark
  • Old Swedish: mark n
    • Swedish: mark c
  • Danish: mark