krjúpa

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse krjúpa, from Proto-Germanic *kreupaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“turn, wind”). Cognate with Norwegian krype, Swedish krypa, Danish krybe, English creep, Dutch kruipen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʰrjuːpa/

  Rhymes: -uːpa

Verb

krjúpa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative kraup, third-person plural past indicative krupu, supine kropið)

1. (intransitive) to kneel down, to genuflect, to get down on one's knees

Conjugation

krjúpa — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að krjúpa
supine (sagnbót)		kropið
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		krjúpandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég krýp	við krjúpum	present (nútíð)	ég krjúpi	við krjúpum
	þú krýpur	þið krjúpið		þú krjúpir	þið krjúpið
	hann, hún, það krýpur	þeir, þær, þau krjúpa		hann, hún, það krjúpi	þeir, þær, þau krjúpi
past (þátíð)	ég kraup	við krupum	past (þátíð)	ég krypi	við krypum
	þú kraupst	þið krupuð		þú krypir	þið krypuð
	hann, hún, það kraup	þeir, þær, þau krupu		hann, hún, það krypi	þeir, þær, þau krypu
imperative (boðháttur)	krjúp (þú)	krjúpið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	krjúptu	krjúpiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kropinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kropinn	kropin	kropið		kropnir	kropnar	kropin
accusative (þolfall)	kropinn	kropna	kropið		kropna	kropnar	kropin
dative (þágufall)	kropnum	kropinni	kropnu		kropnum	kropnum	kropnum
genitive (eignarfall)	kropins	kropinnar	kropins		kropinna	kropinna	kropinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kropni	kropna	kropna		kropnu	kropnu	kropnu
accusative (þolfall)	kropna	kropnu	kropna		kropnu	kropnu	kropnu
dative (þágufall)	kropna	kropnu	kropna		kropnu	kropnu	kropnu
genitive (eignarfall)	kropna	kropnu	kropna		kropnu	kropnu	kropnu

Derived terms

• hnékrjúpa, knékrjúpa
• krjúpandi

References

• Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kreupaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“turn, wind”).

Verb

krjúpa (singular past indicative kraup, plural past indicative krupu, past participle kropinn)

1. to creep, crouch
   • 1066, Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Lausavísur 14, in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 55-6., retrieved at the Skaldic Database

     Krjúpum vér fyr vápna
     (valteigs) brǫkun eigi
     (svá bauð Hildr) at hjaldri
     (haldorð) í bug skjaldar.

     We [I] do not creep into the hollow of the shield in battle because of the crash of weapons; thus the faithful Hildr <valkyrie> of the falcon-field [ARM > WOMAN] commanded.

2. to fall prostrate, kneel

Conjugation

Conjugation of krjúpa — active (strong class 2)

infinitive	krjúpa
present participle	krjúpandi
past participle	kropinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	krýp	kraup
2nd-person singular	krýpr	kraupt
3rd-person singular	krýpr	kraup
1st-person plural	krjúpum	krupum
2nd-person plural	krjúpið	krupuð
3rd-person plural	krjúpa	krupu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	krjúpa	krypa
2nd-person singular	krjúpir	krypir
3rd-person singular	krjúpi	krypi
1st-person plural	krjúpim	krypim
2nd-person plural	krjúpið	krypið
3rd-person plural	krjúpi	krypi
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	krjúp
1st-person plural	krjúpum
2nd-person plural	krjúpið

Conjugation of krjúpa — mediopassive (strong class 2)

infinitive	krjúpask
present participle	krjúpandisk
past participle	kropizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	krjúpumk	krupumk
2nd-person singular	krýpsk	kraupzk
3rd-person singular	krýpsk	kraupsk
1st-person plural	krjúpumsk	krupumsk
2nd-person plural	krjúpizk	krupuzk
3rd-person plural	krjúpask	krupusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	krjúpumk	krypumk
2nd-person singular	krjúpisk	krypisk
3rd-person singular	krjúpisk	krypisk
1st-person plural	krjúpimsk	krypimsk
2nd-person plural	krjúpizk	krypizk
3rd-person plural	krjúpisk	krypisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	krjúpsk
1st-person plural	krjúpumsk
2nd-person plural	krjúpizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: krjúpa
• Faroese: krúpa
• Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Bokmål: krype
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: krype, krypa
• Old Swedish: krȳpa
  • Swedish: krypa
• Old Danish: krȳpæ
  • Danish: krybe
• Elfdalian: kriuopa
• Gutnish: kräupe
• Scanian: krýba
• → Scottish Gaelic: crùb

References

• “krjúpa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press