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| current teams =USA, NZL, GBR, SWE, FRA, JPN
| current teams =USA, NZL, GBR, SWE, FRA, JPN
| country =
| country =
| related_comps =[[America's Cup]], [[Louis Vuitton Cup]]
| related_comps =[[America's Cup]]
}}
}}
⚫
[[File:America's Cup World Series San Francisco.jpg|thumb|AC45s rounding the first mark in San Francisco, 2012]]
The '''America's Cup World Series''' (ACWS) is a series of match/fleet race regattas founded in the lead up to the [[2013 America's Cup]]. The series will be featured again in the lead up to [[2017 America's Cup]] in 2015 and 2016 however this second edition is officially named the Louis Vuitton Americas Cup World Series (LVACWS)
The '''America's Cup World Series''' are match races and fleet regattas used as heats for the [[2013 America's Cup]] and the [[2017 America's Cup]].


==The yachts==
==The Yachts==
===AC45 and AC45F===
⚫
[[File:America's Cup World Series San Francisco.jpg|thumb|AC45s rounding the first mark in San Francisco]]
⚫
The World Series uses AC45 catamarans, a one-design [[wingsail]] [[catamaran]] designed specifically for the event by [[Oracle Racing]]. The AC45 was conceived as a smaller version of the larger [[AC72 class]] rule which was used for the [[2013 America's Cup]]. In 2015, the class was modified to AC45F which incorporated [[hydrofoil]]ing capability for improved performance, with boats achieving peak speeds of 37kt.<ref>{{citation|url=http://drive.google.com/uc?id=0B_jE7t9yt7UEZTViN2tIcm12WlU|title=Peak speed, raw data|publisher=AC Race Management|place=Göteborg|date=2015-08-28|work=150828.zip/20150828125400-NAV-USA.csv|time=13:20:42.002}}{{Dead link|date=September 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
[[File:Oracle AC45 hulls (bottom view).jpg|thumb|The hulls of Oracle's AC45 seen from the bottom]]
⚫
The World Series used AC45 catamarans, a one-design [[wingsail]] [[catamaran]] with foils designed specifically for the event by the [[Oracle Racing]] engineering team. The AC45 was conceived as a smaller version of the larger [[AC72 class]] rule which were sailed by competitors during the 2013 Louis Vuitton Cup and the 34th America's Cup. The class was modified in 2015 to incorporate hydrofoiling capability for improved performance, with boats achieving peaks of 37kt.<ref>{{citation|url=http://drive.google.com/uc?id=0B_jE7t9yt7UEZTViN2tIcm12WlU&export=download|title=Race data|publisher=AC Race Management|place=Göteborg|date=2015-08-28|work=150828.zip/20150828125400-NAV-USA.csv|time=13:20:42.002}}</ref>


The AC45 has the following specifications:
The AC45 has the following specifications:
*design: [[Mike Drummond]] & [[Oracle Racing]]
⚫
*build: honeycomb core carbon fiber sandwich
⚫
*builder: Core Builders Composites (NZ) & TP Cookson (NZ)
⚫
*build: honeycomb core, carbonfiber sandwich
*length: {{convert|13.45|m|abbr=on}}
*length: {{convert|13.45|m|abbr=on}}
*beam: {{convert|6.90|m|abbr=on}}
*beam: {{convert|6.90|m|abbr=on}}
Line 24: Line 26:
*wing: {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} {{convert|83.5|sqm|abbr=on}} wing element with three slotted flaps
*wing: {{convert|20|m|abbr=on}} {{convert|83.5|sqm|abbr=on}} wing element with three slotted flaps
*extension: {{convert|4|m|abbr=on}} high, {{convert|8.7|sqm|abbr=on}} area
*extension: {{convert|4|m|abbr=on}} high, {{convert|8.7|sqm|abbr=on}} area
*jib area: {{convert|48|sqm|abbr=on}}, manufactured by a sail loft of team's choice
*jib area: {{convert|48|sqm|abbr=on}}, provided by sail loft of team's choice (2011–2013 series), provided by North Sails (2015–2016 series)
*gennaker area: {{convert|125|sqm|abbr=on}}, manufactured by a sail loft of team's choice
*gennaker area: {{convert|125|sqm|abbr=on}}, provided by sail loft of team's choice (2011–2013 series), provided by North Sails (2015–2016 series)
⚫
*builders: Core Builders (NZ), Cookson Boats (NZ)
*crew: 5 + 1 guest
*crew: 5 + 1 guest
*daggerboards: two conventional leeboards (2011–2013 series) with raking L-type hydrofoils (2015–2016 series)
*daggerboards: two conventional leeboards (2011–2013 series) with raking L-type elevators (2015–2016 series)
*rudders: two balanced spade rudders (2011–2013 series) with T-type horizontal stabilizers (2015–2016 series)
*rudders: two balanced spade rudders (2011–2013 series) with T-type horizontal stabilizers (2015–2016 series)


===Testing platform===
==Testing platform==
The AC45 are authorized to be taken out of measurement to serve as a testing platform for the America's Cup. Oracle Racing released photographs of an AC45 hydrofoiling with L-type appendages on 18 June 2012, a premonition of Team New Zealand's larger foiling AC72 ''Aotearoa'' test boat spotted in Auckland in September of the same year. In February 2015 Oracle Racing and [[Artemis Racing]] tested two AC45s modified by Core Builders; They featured L-type hydrofoils, horizontal rudder stabilizers, shortened jib-only bowsprits extending into a centerline pod under the wing, flaring topsides, closed transoms, opened hulls with deep cockpits for binnacles and wheels, replacing the tiller. Ben Ainslie Racing, Team New Zealand and Team Japan have also carried out similar experiments with the platform.
The AC45 are authorized to be taken out of measurement to serve as a testing platform for the America's Cup. Oracle Racing released photographs of an AC45 hydrofoiling with L-type appendages on June 18, 2012, a premonition of Team New Zealand's larger foiling AC72 ''Aotearoa'' test boat first spotted in Auckland on August 29, 2012.<ref>first sighting of a hydrofoiling AC72: {{cite web |url= http://crew.org.nz/forum/index.php/topic/6262-etnz-ac72-sailing/page-11#entry94045 |title= ETNZ AC72 Sailing |date= 29 August 2012 |website= crew.org.nz }}</ref> In February 2015 Oracle Racing and [[Artemis Racing]] tested two AC45s modified by Core Builders; They featured L-type hydrofoils, horizontal rudder stabilizers, lengthened crossbeams (herego wide beam), a shortened jib-only bowsprit extending into a centerline pod under the wing, flaring topsides, closed transoms, opened hulls with deep cockpits for binnacles and wheels, replacing the tiller. The authorization does not permit to lengthen the hulls. All other teams carried out similar experiments with the platform.


⚫
==2011–13 World Series==
<gallery heights=250px widths=250px>
⚫
File:AC45-TNZ (11).jpg|[[Team New Zealand]]'s AC45 in April 2011.
File:Oracle_AC45_wing.jpg|Top of the wing of Oracle's AC45
⚫
</gallery>
⚫
{{reflist}}

==Editions==
⚫
===2011–13===
{{main|2011–13 America's Cup World Series}}
{{main|2011–13 America's Cup World Series}}
Nine events were held between 2011 and 2012 in the lead up to the [[2013 America's Cup]].
Nine events were held between 2011 and 2012 in the lead up to the [[2013 America's Cup]].
<gallery heights=200px widths=200px mode=packed style=text-align:left>
⚫
America%27s_Cup,_Plymouth_15.jpg|[[Team New Zealand]]'s AC45 in September 2011
Oracle_AC45_hulls_(bottom_view).jpg|''Oracle Racing 4'' hulls exhibit in the California Academy of Sciences
Oracle_AC45_wing.jpg|''Oracle Racing 4'' wing exhibit in the California Academy of Sciences
⚫
</gallery>


In August 2013, the competition jury received a report from [[Oracle Team USA]] that their boat and others they had loaned had unauthorized modifications.<ref>Gavin Clarke, [http://m.theregister.co.uk/2013/08/12/larry_ellison_boat_mods/ Oracle Team USA sailors admit breaking America's Cup rules], The Register, 12 Aug 2013. Retrieved 30th July 2016.</ref> Since they were using one of these modified boats, the BAR team withdrew from the competition on 7 August 2013. Oracle Team USA withdrew the day after.<ref>America's Cup Jury, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130902234520/http://noticeboard.americascup.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/JN096.pdf Jury Notice JN096], 8th August 2013</ref> Penalties imposed included expelling three team members,<ref>{{cite web|title=JURY CASE AC31, JURY NOTICE JN116, Allegation of Gross Misconduct, DECISION and PARTIAL LIFTING OF THE CONFIDENTIALITY ORDER|url=http://noticeboard.americascup.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/JN116.pdf#page=15|publisher=Americas Cup Jury|access-date=27 September 2013|date=2013-09-03|quote=DECISIONS ON PENALTIES{{br}} 105. Bryce Ruthenberg is excluded from further participation in any role in the 34th America’s Cup.…{{br}} 106. Andrew Walker is excluded from further participation in any role in the 34th America’s Cup.…{{br}} 108. Matt Mitchell is excluded from sailing on a Yacht competing in the Match for the 34th America’s Cup until 4 races have been completed.…{{br}} 109. Dirk de Ridder is excluded from further participation in any role in the 34th America’s Cup.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007220231/http://noticeboard.americascup.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/JN116.pdf#page=15|archive-date=2013-10-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> a $250,000 fine, and a one-point penalty for each of the first two races of the Match in which they would otherwise score a point.<ref>"[http://static.stuff.co.nz/files/cupdecision2.pdf Jury Notice JN117]", 3 September 2013,</ref>
⚫
===2015–16===

⚫
==2015–16 World Series==
{{main|2015–16 America's Cup World Series}}
{{main|2015–16 America's Cup World Series}}
The series was revived as heats of nine two-day events in eight venues in the run up to the [[2017 America's Cup]]. The races used a single boat design, known as AC45f, which was based on AC45 with added [[hydrofoil]] [[daggerboard]]s and rudders.
The series was revived as heats ahead of the [[2017 America's Cup]]. The AC45 specification was changed to accommodate hydrofoiling capabilities, with the winner of the series earning two points and the runner-up receiving a single point in the new America's Cup Qualifiers. At least three events are to be held each year, with [[Portsmouth]], [[Gothenburg]], and [[Bermuda]] as venues in 2015.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/other-sports/65335437/italy-hosting-americas-cup-world-series-opener-in-coastal-city-of-cagliari Italy hosting America's Cup World Series opener in coastal city of Cagliari] ''stuff.co.nz'', 23 January 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=11390612 Italy to host first World Series regatta] ''nzherald.co.nz'', 23 January 2015</ref> Following the withdrawal of [[Luna Rossa Challenge]] the regatta to be hosted by Cagliari was dropped from the schedule. Events in Oman, New York, Chicago, Portsmouth and Toulon were subsequently announced for the 2016 season.


<gallery heights=200px widths=200px mode=packed style=text-align:left>
{| class="wikitable"
AC45f racing catamaran using hydrofoils, Land Rover BAR, July 24, 2016.jpg|Land Rover BAR's AC45f sailing on hydrofoils with one daggerboard raised above the water.
|-
AC45_World_Series_-_Team_New_Zealand,_Team_Japan.jpg|Hydrofoiling AC45Fs in 2015
! Place !! Team !! Portsmouth !! Gothenburg !! Bermuda !! | Oman || New York || Chicago || Portsmouth || Toulon
</gallery>
|-
| 1 || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
| 2 || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
| 3 || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
| 4 || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
| 5 || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
| 6 || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example


The overall winner of the competition was [[Land Rover BAR]], with [[Oracle Team USA]] being the runner up. The winner of the series earned two points and the runner-up received a single point in the new [[2017 Louis Vuitton Cup|America's Cup Qualifiers]]. The boats are similar to the [[AC50]] used in the [[2017 America's Cup]].

==Cancelled 2018 and 2020 World Series==
Prior to the [[2017 America's Cup]], several of the competing syndicates<ref group=NB>Oracle Team USA, Land Rover BAR Team UK, Team France, Softbank Team Japan, Metro Artemis Team Sweden</ref> signed an agreement to hold World Series prior to the next two America's Cups, then scheduled for 2019 and 2021. These two World Series would be used as selection series to determine which teams would compete at the 2019 and 2021 Louis Vuitton Cups Challenger Selection Series. These two seasons would have used the [[AC50]]-class yachts, instead of the AC45 or AC45F classes. However, the winner of the 35th America's Cup, [[Emirates Team New Zealand]] was not a signatory to the agreement for the 36th and 37th America's Cup, making these plans obsolete.<ref name=35Cup2017-Future>{{cite web |url= https://www.americascup.com/en/the-future-of-americas-cup.html |title= The Future of the America's Cup |author= 35th America's Cup Organization |access-date= 2017-07-08 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170817040040/https://www.americascup.com/en/the-future-of-americas-cup.html |archive-date= 2017-08-17 |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="NZHerald-11882427">{{cite news |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=11882427 |title= Grant Dalton to reveal America's Cup plans in two weeks |publisher= New Zealand Herald |author= NZ Herald |website= nzherald.co.nz |date= 27 June 2017 }}</ref>

==Footnotes==
⚫
{{Commons category|America's Cup World Series}}
⚫
{{reflist|group=NB}}


|}
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==See also==
⚫
{{Commons category|AC45}}
{{America'sCup}}
{{America'sCup}}
{{2013 America's Cup}}
{{2013 America's Cup}}

⚫
[[Category:America's Cup regattas]]
[[Category:Sailing series]]
⚫
[[Category:America's Cup World Series]]

Latest revision as of 17:52, 7 June 2022

America's Cup World Series
SportSailing
Founded2011
Related
competitions		America's Cup
AC45s rounding the first mark in San Francisco, 2012

The America's Cup World Series are match races and fleet regattas used as heats for the 2013 America's Cup and the 2017 America's Cup.

The Yachts

[edit]

AC45 and AC45F

[edit]

The World Series uses AC45 catamarans, a one-design wingsail catamaran designed specifically for the event by Oracle Racing. The AC45 was conceived as a smaller version of the larger AC72 class rule which was used for the 2013 America's Cup. In 2015, the class was modified to AC45F which incorporated hydrofoiling capability for improved performance, with boats achieving peak speeds of 37kt.[1]

The AC45 has the following specifications:

  • design: Mike Drummond & Oracle Racing
  • builder: Core Builders Composites (NZ) & TP Cookson (NZ)
  • build: honeycomb core, carbonfiber sandwich
  • length: 13.45 m (44.1 ft)
  • beam: 6.90 m (22.6 ft)
  • weight: 1,290–1,320 kg (2,840–2,910 lb)
  • maximum draught : 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in)
  • air draught : 21.5 m (71 ft) without extension, 25.5 m (84 ft) with extension
  • wing: 20 m (66 ft) 83.5 m2 (899 sq ft) wing element with three slotted flaps
  • extension: 4 m (13 ft) high, 8.7 m2 (94 sq ft) area
  • jib area: 48 m2 (520 sq ft), provided by sail loft of team's choice (2011–2013 series), provided by North Sails (2015–2016 series)
  • gennaker area: 125 m2 (1,350 sq ft), provided by sail loft of team's choice (2011–2013 series), provided by North Sails (2015–2016 series)
  • crew: 5 + 1 guest
  • daggerboards: two conventional leeboards (2011–2013 series) with raking L-type elevators (2015–2016 series)
  • rudders: two balanced spade rudders (2011–2013 series) with T-type horizontal stabilizers (2015–2016 series)

Testing platform

[edit]

The AC45 are authorized to be taken out of measurement to serve as a testing platform for the America's Cup. Oracle Racing released photographs of an AC45 hydrofoiling with L-type appendages on June 18, 2012, a premonition of Team New Zealand's larger foiling AC72 Aotearoa test boat first spotted in Auckland on August 29, 2012.[2] In February 2015 Oracle Racing and Artemis Racing tested two AC45s modified by Core Builders; They featured L-type hydrofoils, horizontal rudder stabilizers, lengthened crossbeams (herego wide beam), a shortened jib-only bowsprit extending into a centerline pod under the wing, flaring topsides, closed transoms, opened hulls with deep cockpits for binnacles and wheels, replacing the tiller. The authorization does not permit to lengthen the hulls. All other teams carried out similar experiments with the platform.

2011–13 World Series

[edit]
Main article: 2011–13 America's Cup World Series

Nine events were held between 2011 and 2012 in the lead up to the 2013 America's Cup.

  • Team New Zealand's AC45 in September 2011
    Team New Zealand's AC45 in September 2011
  • Oracle Racing 4 hulls exhibit in the California Academy of Sciences
    Oracle Racing 4 hulls exhibit in the California Academy of Sciences
  • Oracle Racing 4 wing exhibit in the California Academy of Sciences
    Oracle Racing 4 wing exhibit in the California Academy of Sciences

In August 2013, the competition jury received a report from Oracle Team USA that their boat and others they had loaned had unauthorized modifications.[3] Since they were using one of these modified boats, the BAR team withdrew from the competition on 7 August 2013. Oracle Team USA withdrew the day after.[4] Penalties imposed included expelling three team members,[5] a $250,000 fine, and a one-point penalty for each of the first two races of the Match in which they would otherwise score a point.[6]

2015–16 World Series

[edit]
Main article: 2015–16 America's Cup World Series

The series was revived as heats of nine two-day events in eight venues in the run up to the 2017 America's Cup. The races used a single boat design, known as AC45f, which was based on AC45 with added hydrofoil daggerboards and rudders.

  • Land Rover BAR's AC45f sailing on hydrofoils with one daggerboard raised above the water.
    Land Rover BAR's AC45f sailing on hydrofoils with one daggerboard raised above the water.
  • Hydrofoiling AC45Fs in 2015
    Hydrofoiling AC45Fs in 2015

The overall winner of the competition was Land Rover BAR, with Oracle Team USA being the runner up. The winner of the series earned two points and the runner-up received a single point in the new America's Cup Qualifiers. The boats are similar to the AC50 used in the 2017 America's Cup.

Cancelled 2018 and 2020 World Series

[edit]

Prior to the 2017 America's Cup, several of the competing syndicates[NB 1] signed an agreement to hold World Series prior to the next two America's Cups, then scheduled for 2019 and 2021. These two World Series would be used as selection series to determine which teams would compete at the 2019 and 2021 Louis Vuitton Cups Challenger Selection Series. These two seasons would have used the AC50-class yachts, instead of the AC45 or AC45F classes. However, the winner of the 35th America's Cup, Emirates Team New Zealand was not a signatory to the agreement for the 36th and 37th America's Cup, making these plans obsolete.[7][8]

Footnotes

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to America's Cup World Series.
  1. ^ Oracle Team USA, Land Rover BAR Team UK, Team France, Softbank Team Japan, Metro Artemis Team Sweden

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Peak speed, raw data", 150828.zip/20150828125400-NAV-USA.csv, Göteborg: AC Race Management, event occurs at 13:20:42.002, 2015-08-28[permanent dead link]
  2. ^ first sighting of a hydrofoiling AC72: "ETNZ AC72 Sailing". crew.org.nz. 29 August 2012.
  3. ^ Gavin Clarke, Oracle Team USA sailors admit breaking America's Cup rules, The Register, 12 Aug 2013. Retrieved 30th July 2016.
  4. ^ America's Cup Jury, Jury Notice JN096, 8th August 2013
  5. ^ "JURY CASE AC31, JURY NOTICE JN116, Allegation of Gross Misconduct, DECISION and PARTIAL LIFTING OF THE CONFIDENTIALITY ORDER" (PDF). Americas Cup Jury. 2013-09-03. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-07. Retrieved 27 September 2013. DECISIONS ON PENALTIES
    105. Bryce Ruthenberg is excluded from further participation in any role in the 34th America's Cup.…
    106. Andrew Walker is excluded from further participation in any role in the 34th America's Cup.…
    108. Matt Mitchell is excluded from sailing on a Yacht competing in the Match for the 34th America's Cup until 4 races have been completed.…
    109. Dirk de Ridder is excluded from further participation in any role in the 34th America's Cup.
  6. ^ "Jury Notice JN117", 3 September 2013,
  7. ^ 35th America's Cup Organization. "The Future of the America's Cup". Archived from the original on 2017-08-17. Retrieved 2017-07-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ NZ Herald (27 June 2017). "Grant Dalton to reveal America's Cup plans in two weeks". nzherald.co.nz. New Zealand Herald.
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