Hall of Columns: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Hallway in the United States Capitol}} |
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{{for|the hall of columns in Hypostyle, |
{{for|the hall of columns in Hypostyle, Karnak, Egypt|Great Hypostyle Hall}} |
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[[Image:HallofColumns.jpg|thumb|200px|Hall of Columns facing north |
[[Image:HallofColumns.jpg|thumb|200px|Hall of Columns facing north (2007)]] |
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The '''Hall of Columns''' is a more than {{convert|100|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} hallway lined with |
The '''Hall of Columns''' is a more than {{convert|100|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} hallway lined with 28 fluted [[column]]s in the south wing extension of the [[United States Capitol]] in Washington, D.C. It is also the gallery for 18 statues of the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The "Hall of Columns" emerged as part of the necessitated expansion of the north and south Capitol wings in the mid-nineteenth century due to the increased numbers of elected [[United States Senator| |
The "Hall of Columns" emerged as part of the necessitated expansion of the north and south Capitol wings in the mid-nineteenth century due to the increased numbers of elected [[United States Senator|senators]] and [[United States Representative|representatives]] (also known as "congressmen") with the continued expansion of the United States westward and admission of more states to the Union from their previous status as [[Territories of the United States|Territories]], now standing of 34. The original chambers of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] and the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] had become too crowded with the additional senators and representatives. Under the guidance of the then fourth [[Architect of the Capitol]] [[Thomas U. Walter]], plans were drawn up to expand the two sides ("wings") in the previous original central block of the [[United States Capitol|Capitol]] (also location of the rotunda and low copper-covered dome above it from the original [[Architect of the Capitol|Capitol architects]]: [[William Thornton]], followed by [[Benjamin Henry Latrobe]] and [[Charles Bulfinch]] architectural designs beginning in 1793) and build new, larger chambers with additional rooms and offices for both houses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aoc.gov/history-us-capitol-building|title=History of the U.S. Capitol Building|website=Architect of the Capitol}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Hall of columns 2.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Capital of one of the columns.]] |
[[Image:Hall of columns 2.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Capital of one of the columns.]] |
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Built directly beneath the Chamber of the House of Representatives, construction had begun sometime before 1855, with the implementation of a [[cast iron]] ceiling, forged in [[ |
Built directly beneath the Chamber of the House of Representatives, construction had begun sometime before 1855, with the implementation of a [[cast iron]] ceiling, forged in [[Baltimore]] by the well known local foundry [[Hayward, Bartlett, and Co.]]<ref name="AoC site on Hall of Columns">{{cite web|url=https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-buildings/hall-columns|title=Hall of Columns|website=Architect of the Capitol}}</ref> The walls, themselves, were made with an imitation [[marble]] known as [[scagliola]]. The floor was set with imported encaustic [[Mintons|Minton tiles]] from England (the same still found in the [[Brumidi Corridors]], designed by artist [[Constantino Brumidi]]), but were eventually replaced in the 1920s with a floor of [[Alabama]] and [[New York (state)|New York]] marble. By 1855, all the columns, made from marble quarried from [[Lee, Massachusetts]], were finished and set in place.<ref name="AoC site on Hall of Columns"/> |
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The capitals of the columns are based on [[Corinthian order|"Corinthian"]] styled columns, but adjusted to reflect an American style with the usage of thistles and native [[tobacco]] leaves in the cast iron. |
The capitals of the columns are based on [[Corinthian order|"Corinthian"]] styled columns, but adjusted to reflect an American style with the usage of thistles and native [[tobacco]] leaves in the cast iron.<ref name="AoC site on Hall of Columns"/> |
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{{clearleft}} |
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== National Statuary Hall Collection == |
== National Statuary Hall Collection == |
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*[[Statue of Alexander Hamilton (U.S. Capitol)|Alexander Hamilton]] representing all the states, in marble, by [[Horatio Stone]] in 1868. |
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*[[Francis Preston Blair]] from [[Missouri]], in marble by [[Alexander Doyle]] in 1899. |
*[[Francis Preston Blair]] from [[Missouri]], in marble by [[Alexander Doyle]] in 1899. |
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*[[Charles Carroll of Carrollton]] from [[Maryland]], in bronze, by [[ |
*[[Charles Carroll of Carrollton]] from [[Maryland]], in bronze, by [[Richard E. Brooks]] in 1903. |
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*[[Zachariah Chandler]] from [[Michigan]], in marble, by [[Charles H. Niehaus]] in 1913. |
*[[Zachariah Chandler]] from [[Michigan]], in marble, by [[Charles H. Niehaus]] in 1913 (this statue was replaced in 2011, and now sits in Michigan).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/zachariah-chandler-replaced | title=Gerald R. Ford Jr. Statue, U.S. Capitol for Michigan | AOC }}</ref> |
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*[[Jacob Collamer]] from [[Vermont]], in marble, by [[Preston Powers]] in 1881. |
*[[Jacob Collamer]] from [[Vermont]], in marble, by [[Preston Powers]] in 1881. |
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*[[Jabez L. M. Curry]] from [[Alabama]], in marble, by [[Dante Sodini]] in 1908. |
*[[Jabez L. M. Curry]] from [[Alabama]], in marble, by [[Dante Sodini]] in 1908 (this statue was replaced in 2009).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aoc.gov/art/replaced-statues/jabez-lamar-monroe-curry-replaced|title=Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry (Replaced)|website=Architect of the Capitol}}</ref> |
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*[[James Z. George]] from [[Mississippi]], in bronze, by [[Augustus Lukeman]] in 1931. |
*[[James Z. George]] from [[Mississippi]], in bronze, by [[Augustus Lukeman]] in 1931. |
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*[[Nathanael Greene]] from [[Rhode Island]], in marble, by [[Henry Kirke Brown]] in 1870. |
*[[Nathanael Greene]] from [[Rhode Island]], in marble, by [[Henry Kirke Brown]] in 1870. |
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*[[Ernest Gruening]] from [[Alaska]], in bronze, by [[George Anthonisen]] in 1977. |
*[[Ernest Gruening (Anthonisen)|Ernest Gruening]] from [[Alaska]], in bronze, by [[George Anthonisen]] in 1977. |
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*[[James Harlan (senator)|James Harlan]] from [[Iowa]], in bronze, by [[Nellie Walker]] in 1910 (this statue was replaced in 2014).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aoc.gov/art/replaced-statues/james-harlan-replaced|title=James Harlan (Replaced)|website=Architect of the Capitol}}</ref> |
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*[[ |
*[[Mother Joseph]] from [[Washington (state)|Washington]], in bronze, by [[Felix W. de Weldon]] in 1980 (this statue has been now moved into the Congressional Visitor Center).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aoc.gov/art/national-statuary-hall-collection/mother-joseph|title=Mother Joseph|website=Architect of the Capitol}}</ref> |
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*[[Mother Joseph]] from [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], in bronze, by [[Felix W. de Weldon]] in 1980. [http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/mother-joseph This statue has been now moved into the Congressional Visitor Center]. |
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*[[Philip Kearny]] from [[New Jersey]], in bronze, by [[Henry Kirke Brown]] in 1888. |
*[[Philip Kearny]] from [[New Jersey]], in bronze, by [[Henry Kirke Brown]] in 1888. |
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*[[John E. Kenna]] from [[West Virginia]], in marble, by [[Alexander Doyle]] in 1901. |
*[[John E. Kenna]] from [[West Virginia]], in marble, by [[Alexander Doyle]] in 1901. |
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*[[Thomas Starr King]] from [[California]], in bronze, by [[Haig Patigian]] in 1931.(Removed by the State of California and replaced with that of the 40th President [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Wilson Reagan]] in the [[Rotunda]]) |
*[[Thomas Starr King]] from [[California]], in bronze, by [[Haig Patigian]] in 1931. (Removed by the State of California and replaced with that of the 40th President [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Wilson Reagan]] in the [[United States Capitol rotunda|Rotunda]]) |
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*[[Eusebio Kino]] from [[Arizona]], in marble, by [[Suzanne Silvercruys]] in 1965. |
*[[Eusebio Kino]] from [[Arizona]], in marble, by [[Suzanne Silvercruys]] in 1965 (this statue has been now moved into the Congressional Visitor Center).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aoc.gov/art/national-statuary-hall-collection/eusebio-kino|title=Eusebio Kino|website=Architect of the Capitol}}</ref> |
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*[[Julius Sterling Morton]] from [[Nebraska]], in bronze, by [[Rudulph Evans]] in 1937. |
*[[Julius Sterling Morton]] from [[Nebraska]], in bronze, by [[Rudulph Evans]] in 1937. |
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*[[James Shields]] from [[Illinois]], in bronze, by [[Leonard W. Volk]] in 1893. |
*[[James Shields (politician, born 1810)|James Shields]] from [[Illinois]], in bronze, by [[Leonard W. Volk]] in 1893. |
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*[[Edmund Kirby Smith]] from [[Florida]], in bronze, by [[C. Adrian Pillars]] in 1922. |
*[[Edmund Kirby Smith]] from [[Florida]], in bronze, by [[C. Adrian Pillars]] in 1922. |
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*[[Joseph Ward (1838–1889)|Joseph Ward]] from [[South Dakota]], in marble, by [[Bruno Beghé]] in 1963. |
*[[Joseph Ward (1838–1889)|Joseph Ward]] from [[South Dakota]], in marble, by [[Bruno Beghé]] in 1963. |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{United States Capitol Complex}} |
{{United States Capitol Complex}} |
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{{National Statuary Hall Collection}} |
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[[Category:United States Capitol grounds]] |
[[Category:United States Capitol grounds]] |
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[[Category:National Statuary Hall Collection]] |
Latest revision as of 23:44, 5 October 2022
The Hall of Columns is a more than 100-foot-long (30 m) hallway lined with 28 fluted columns in the south wing extension of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. It is also the gallery for 18 statues of the National Statuary Hall Collection.
History
[edit]The "Hall of Columns" emerged as part of the necessitated expansion of the north and south Capitol wings in the mid-nineteenth century due to the increased numbers of elected senators and representatives (also known as "congressmen") with the continued expansion of the United States westward and admission of more states to the Union from their previous status as Territories, now standing of 34. The original chambers of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate had become too crowded with the additional senators and representatives. Under the guidance of the then fourth Architect of the Capitol Thomas U. Walter, plans were drawn up to expand the two sides ("wings") in the previous original central block of the Capitol (also location of the rotunda and low copper-covered dome above it from the original Capitol architects: William Thornton, followed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Charles Bulfinch architectural designs beginning in 1793) and build new, larger chambers with additional rooms and offices for both houses.[1]
Built directly beneath the Chamber of the House of Representatives, construction had begun sometime before 1855, with the implementation of a cast iron ceiling, forged in Baltimore by the well known local foundry Hayward, Bartlett, and Co.[2] The walls, themselves, were made with an imitation marble known as scagliola. The floor was set with imported encaustic Minton tiles from England (the same still found in the Brumidi Corridors, designed by artist Constantino Brumidi), but were eventually replaced in the 1920s with a floor of Alabama and New York marble. By 1855, all the columns, made from marble quarried from Lee, Massachusetts, were finished and set in place.[2]
The capitals of the columns are based on "Corinthian" styled columns, but adjusted to reflect an American style with the usage of thistles and native tobacco leaves in the cast iron.[2]
National Statuary Hall Collection
[edit]- Alexander Hamilton representing all the states, in marble, by Horatio Stone in 1868.
- Francis Preston Blair from Missouri, in marble by Alexander Doyle in 1899.
- Charles Carroll of Carrollton from Maryland, in bronze, by Richard E. Brooks in 1903.
- Zachariah Chandler from Michigan, in marble, by Charles H. Niehaus in 1913 (this statue was replaced in 2011, and now sits in Michigan).[3]
- Jacob Collamer from Vermont, in marble, by Preston Powers in 1881.
- Jabez L. M. Curry from Alabama, in marble, by Dante Sodini in 1908 (this statue was replaced in 2009).[4]
- James Z. George from Mississippi, in bronze, by Augustus Lukeman in 1931.
- Nathanael Greene from Rhode Island, in marble, by Henry Kirke Brown in 1870.
- Ernest Gruening from Alaska, in bronze, by George Anthonisen in 1977.
- James Harlan from Iowa, in bronze, by Nellie Walker in 1910 (this statue was replaced in 2014).[5]
- Mother Joseph from Washington, in bronze, by Felix W. de Weldon in 1980 (this statue has been now moved into the Congressional Visitor Center).[6]
- Philip Kearny from New Jersey, in bronze, by Henry Kirke Brown in 1888.
- John E. Kenna from West Virginia, in marble, by Alexander Doyle in 1901.
- Thomas Starr King from California, in bronze, by Haig Patigian in 1931. (Removed by the State of California and replaced with that of the 40th President Ronald Wilson Reagan in the Rotunda)
- Eusebio Kino from Arizona, in marble, by Suzanne Silvercruys in 1965 (this statue has been now moved into the Congressional Visitor Center).[7]
- Julius Sterling Morton from Nebraska, in bronze, by Rudulph Evans in 1937.
- James Shields from Illinois, in bronze, by Leonard W. Volk in 1893.
- Edmund Kirby Smith from Florida, in bronze, by C. Adrian Pillars in 1922.
- Joseph Ward from South Dakota, in marble, by Bruno Beghé in 1963.
- Sarah Winnemucca from Nevada, in bronze, by Benjamin Victor in 2005.
- John Winthrop from Massachusetts, in marble, by Richard S. Greenough in 1876.
Notes
[edit]- ^ "History of the U.S. Capitol Building". Architect of the Capitol.
- ^ a b c "Hall of Columns". Architect of the Capitol.
- ^ "Gerald R. Ford Jr. Statue, U.S. Capitol for Michigan | AOC".
- ^ "Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry (Replaced)". Architect of the Capitol.
- ^ "James Harlan (Replaced)". Architect of the Capitol.
- ^ "Mother Joseph". Architect of the Capitol.
- ^ "Eusebio Kino". Architect of the Capitol.
External links
[edit]Media related to United States Capitol - Hall of Columns at Wikimedia Commons