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The '''Irish Donation of 1676''' is the name sometimes used to refer to a [[foreign aid]] consignment sent to the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] in 1676 from [[Ireland]]. A |
The '''Irish Donation of 1676''' is the name sometimes used to refer to a [[foreign aid]] consignment sent to the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] in 1676 from [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]]. A return donation 171 years later – from Massachusetts to Ireland – has been described as repayment for the original aid. |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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[[File:Early_American_Conflict.jpg|thumb|The Wampanoag Confederacy made early gains in the King Philip's War.]] |
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In 1675, the [[King Philip's War]] erupted between the [[Wampanoag|Wampanoag Confederacy]] and their allies, on the one hand, and the [[United Colonies of New England]] and their [[Mohegan]] and [[Pequot]] allies on the other.<ref name="oxford">{{cite book|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|date=2001|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0195082095|pages=421- |
In 1675, the [[King Philip's War]] erupted between the [[Wampanoag|Wampanoag Confederacy]] and their allies, on the one hand, and the [[United Colonies of New England]] and their [[Mohegan]] and [[Pequot]] allies on the other.<ref name="oxford">{{cite book|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|date=2001|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=0195082095|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00paul_0/page/421 421–422]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00paul_0/page/421}}</ref> The destructive conflict saw rapid Wampanoag gains and bloody losses by the United Colonies who were largely refused military assistance both by the [[Kingdom of England]] and by the neighboring [[Province of New York]].<ref name="kpw"/><ref name="oxford"/> By the spring of 1676 the frontier of Massachusetts had been overrun and lay "in shambles" with eleven towns – including [[Dartmouth, Massachusetts|Dartmouth]] and [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] – entirely evacuated, and much of the population sheltered in a besieged [[Boston]].<ref name="kpw">{{cite book|last1=Tougias|first1=Michael|title=King Philip's War: The History and Legacy of America's Forgotten Conflict|date=2016|publisher=Countryman|isbn=1581574908|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I422DAAAQBAJ}}</ref> |
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==The Donation== |
==The Donation== |
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In 1676 [[Nathaniel Mather]] |
In 1676 [[Nathaniel Mather]] – a [[Lancashire]]-born, [[Harvard]]-educated, [[Independent (religion)|independent Protestant clergyman]] – was ministering in [[Dublin]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The New England Historical & Genealogical Register, Volume 2|date=1848|publisher=Drake|page=[https://archive.org/details/newenglandhisto11unkngoog/page/n255 245]|url=https://archive.org/details/newenglandhisto11unkngoog}}</ref> Mather organized a fundraising drive among Dubliners to send foodstuffs and other goods to Massachusetts Bay Colony.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|last1=O'Brien|first1=M.J.|title=A Chance to Repay Her for Relieving Distress in New England|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B0CE1D8113FE233A2575AC0A9609C946796D6CF&legacy=true|accessdate=September 12, 2017|work=[[New York Times]]|date=June 19, 1916}}</ref> The resulting donation was loaded onto the hired ship ''Katherine'' which sailed from Dublin, en route to Boston, on August 28, 1676.<ref name="nyt"/> |
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Upon arrival, the consignment was to be given to a committee composed of William Tyng, James Oliver, and John Hull, "or as many of them as shall be alive".<ref name="oliver">{{cite book|last1=Roberts|first1=Oliver|title=History of the Military Company of the Massachusetts, Now Called, the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts: |
Upon arrival, the consignment was to be given to a committee composed of William Tyng, James Oliver, and John Hull, "or as many of them as shall be alive".<ref name="oliver">{{cite book|last1=Roberts|first1=Oliver|title=History of the Military Company of the Massachusetts, Now Called, the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts: 1637–1888|date=1895|publisher=A. Mudge & Son|page=[https://archive.org/details/historymilitary03robegoog/page/n290 244]|url=https://archive.org/details/historymilitary03robegoog}}</ref> The committee was instructed to sell the goods to pay the shipping charges and distribute the remainder to colonists and members of colonial-allied [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] tribes who had been made refugees.<ref name="oliver"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=William|title=The Story of the Irish in Boston|url=https://archive.org/details/storyofirishinbo00cull_1|date=1889|publisher=J.B. Cullen|page=[https://archive.org/details/storyofirishinbo00cull_1/page/80 80]}}</ref> Proceeds from the donation were ultimately divided among approximately 600 families.<ref name="oliver"/> |
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[[File:USS Jamestown 1844.jpg|thumb|left|The United States sloop-of-war ''USS Jamestown'' (''pictured'') carried a return donation to Ireland in 1847.]] |
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==Massachusetts Donation of 1847== |
==Massachusetts Donation of 1847== |
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In 1847, during the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]], Massachusetts businessmen organized a fundraising drive for distressed Irish families which collected $150,000 in goods.<ref name="klein">{{cite web|last1=Klein|first1=Christopher|title=The Warship of Peace That Fed Famine-Stricken Ireland|url=http://www.history.com/news/the-warship-of-peace-that-fed-famine-stricken-ireland|website=history.com|publisher=[[History Channel]]|accessdate=September 12, 2017}}</ref> The donation, transported to Ireland aboard the [[U.S. Navy]] [[sloop-of-war]] {{USS|Jamestown|1844|6}} was, according to captain Robert Bennett Forbes, "for the payment of an old debt" – a reference to the Irish Donation of 1676.<ref name="klein"/> |
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A second planned donation shipment, to be collected from citizens of New York and transported aboard the U.S. Navy frigate {{USS|Macedonian|1836|6}}, saw less success; agitation by the ascendant, anti-Catholic [[Know Nothing]] movement had resulted in popular hostility to the idea of sending supplies to benefit the Irish.<ref name="him">{{cite news|last1=Sarbaugh|first1=Timothy|title=‘Charity begins at Home’ The United States government & Irish Famine relief 1845–1849|url=http://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/charity-begins-at-home-the-united-states-government-irish-famine-relief-1845-1849/|accessdate=September 12, 2017|work=History Ireland Magazine|date=Summer 1996}}</ref> The shortfall in New York was made-up by additional provisions offered by Bostonians which ultimately enabled USS ''Macedonian'' to put to sea with a full cargo.<ref name="him"/> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Ireland–United States relations]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:1676 in North America]] |
[[Category:1676 in North America]] |
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[[Category:Ireland–United States relations]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:16, 16 June 2023
The Irish Donation of 1676 is the name sometimes used to refer to a foreign aid consignment sent to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1676 from Ireland. A return donation 171 years later – from Massachusetts to Ireland – has been described as repayment for the original aid.
Background
[edit]
In 1675, the King Philip's War erupted between the Wampanoag Confederacy and their allies, on the one hand, and the United Colonies of New England and their Mohegan and Pequot allies on the other.[1] The destructive conflict saw rapid Wampanoag gains and bloody losses by the United Colonies who were largely refused military assistance both by the Kingdom of England and by the neighboring Province of New York.[2][1] By the spring of 1676 the frontier of Massachusetts had been overrun and lay "in shambles" with eleven towns – including Dartmouth and Springfield – entirely evacuated, and much of the population sheltered in a besieged Boston.[2]
The Donation
[edit]In 1676 Nathaniel Mather – a Lancashire-born, Harvard-educated, independent Protestant clergyman – was ministering in Dublin.[3] Mather organized a fundraising drive among Dubliners to send foodstuffs and other goods to Massachusetts Bay Colony.[4] The resulting donation was loaded onto the hired ship Katherine which sailed from Dublin, en route to Boston, on August 28, 1676.[4]
Upon arrival, the consignment was to be given to a committee composed of William Tyng, James Oliver, and John Hull, "or as many of them as shall be alive".[5] The committee was instructed to sell the goods to pay the shipping charges and distribute the remainder to colonists and members of colonial-allied Native American tribes who had been made refugees.[5][6] Proceeds from the donation were ultimately divided among approximately 600 families.[5]
Massachusetts Donation of 1847
[edit]In 1847, during the Great Famine, Massachusetts businessmen organized a fundraising drive for distressed Irish families which collected $150,000 in goods.[7] The donation, transported to Ireland aboard the U.S. Navy sloop-of-war USS Jamestown was, according to captain Robert Bennett Forbes, "for the payment of an old debt" – a reference to the Irish Donation of 1676.[7]
A second planned donation shipment, to be collected from citizens of New York and transported aboard the U.S. Navy frigate USS Macedonian, saw less success; agitation by the ascendant, anti-Catholic Know Nothing movement had resulted in popular hostility to the idea of sending supplies to benefit the Irish.[8] The shortfall in New York was made-up by additional provisions offered by Bostonians which ultimately enabled USS Macedonian to put to sea with a full cargo.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b The Oxford Companion to United States History. Oxford University Press. 2001. pp. 421–422. ISBN 0195082095.
- ^ a b Tougias, Michael (2016). King Philip's War: The History and Legacy of America's Forgotten Conflict. Countryman. ISBN 1581574908.
- ^ The New England Historical & Genealogical Register, Volume 2. Drake. 1848. p. 245.
- ^ a b O'Brien, M.J. (June 19, 1916). "A Chance to Repay Her for Relieving Distress in New England". New York Times. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
- ^ a b c Roberts, Oliver (1895). History of the Military Company of the Massachusetts, Now Called, the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts: 1637–1888. A. Mudge & Son. p. 244.
- ^ Taylor, William (1889). The Story of the Irish in Boston. J.B. Cullen. p. 80.
- ^ a b Klein, Christopher. "The Warship of Peace That Fed Famine-Stricken Ireland". history.com. History Channel. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
- ^ a b Sarbaugh, Timothy (Summer 1996). "'Charity begins at Home' The United States government & Irish Famine relief 1845–1849". History Ireland Magazine. Retrieved September 12, 2017.