Deakin government (1905–1908): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox Australian government |
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|name=Deakin government (II) |
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|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]] |
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|image=[[File:AlfredDeakin.jpeg|200px]] |
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|name = Alfred Deakin |
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|monarch = [[Edward VII]] |
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|office = [[List of Prime Ministers of Australia|2nd]] [[Prime Minister of Australia]]<br /><small>Elections: [[Australian federal election, 1903|1903]], [[Australian federal election, 1906|1906]], [[Australian federal election, 1910|1910]]</small> |
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|term_start = 5 July 1905 |
|term_start = 5 July 1905 |
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|term_end = 13 November 1908 |
|term_end = 13 November 1908 |
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|primeminister = [[Alfred Deakin]] |
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|party = [[Protectionist Party|Protectionist]] |
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|governor-general = Lord Northcote<br>[[William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley|The Earl of Dudley]] |
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|status = [[Minority government|Minority]] ([[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] support) |
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|deputy = [[William Lyne]] |
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|startreason = Predecessor lost confidence motion |
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|endreason = Lost confidence motion |
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|predecessor =[[Reid government]] |
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|successor =[[Fisher government (1908–1909)|Fisher government (I)]] |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Deakin |
The second '''Deakin government''' was the period of federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister [[Alfred Deakin]]. It lasted from 5 July 1905 to 13 November 1908. Deakin was the second [[prime minister of Australia]], having previously led the [[Deakin government (1903–1904)]], and held the office again in 1909–1910.<ref>Michelle Grattan; ''Australian Prime Ministers Revised and Updated Edition''; New Holland; 2013</ref> |
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==Alfred Deakin== |
==Alfred Deakin== |
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Alfred Deakin (1856–1919) – a barrister, journalist and important Federation era politician – was born in Melbourne in 1856. He first entered the Victorian Parliament as a Liberal in 1879. He attended all the official |
Alfred Deakin (1856–1919) – a barrister, journalist and important [[Federation of Australia|Federation]] era politician – was born in Melbourne in 1856. He first entered the Victorian Parliament as a Liberal in 1879. He attended all the official federal conferences and conventions working towards federation of Britain's Australian colonies, and was skilled at brokering compromises. He played a significant part in shaping the [[Constitution of Australia|Australian Constitution]], and arguing the case for unity of the colonies.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/deakin-alfred-5927|title = Australian Dictionary of Biography|chapter = Deakin, Alfred (1856–1919)|publisher = National Centre of Biography, Australian National University}}</ref> |
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[[File:EBarton2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Edmund Barton]] (left), the first [[Prime Minister of Australia]], with [[Alfred Deakin]], the second Prime Minister.]] |
[[File:EBarton2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Edmund Barton]] (left), the first [[Prime Minister of Australia]], with [[Alfred Deakin]], the second Prime Minister.]] |
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Deakin was a fine orator and major player in the establishment of the institutions of Australian |
Deakin was a fine orator and major player in the establishment of the institutions of Australian democracy, and served three times in the office of prime minister during the first ten years after Australia's federation.<ref>[http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/deakin/index.aspx Australia's PMs > Alfred Deakin] {{webarchive|date=12 September 2009|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912201920/http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/deakin/index.aspx}}</ref> |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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| ⚫ | Alfred Deakin first became prime minister after [[Edmund Barton]] resigned to become a judge on the first [[High Court of Australia]].<ref name="primeministers.naa.gov.au">[http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/deakin/in-office.aspx Australia's PMs > Alfred Deakin > In office] {{webarchive|date=12 September 2009|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912202138/http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/deakin/in-office.aspx}}</ref> The first Deakin government failed to pass any legislation in the newly formed Australian Federal Parliament. The Protectionists' shaky coalition with the [[Australian Labor Party]] did not long survive the December 1903 election, and by the resumption of Parliament in March 1904, the Deakin government had fallen, amid a dispute over a Labor Party amendment to the Conciliation and Arbitration Bill.<ref name="primeministers.naa.gov.au"/> |
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| ⚫ | The early years of Federation saw a volatile political environment. The first Deakin government ended on 27 April 1904, making way for the first Australian Labor Party government of Australia, led by [[Chris Watson]]. In August that year, the Protectionists split with radical liberals, [[Isaac Isaacs]] and [[William Lyne]], aligning with the Labor Party against the Free Trade Party of [[George Reid]].<ref name="primeministers.naa.gov.au"/> |
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| ⚫ | The [[Reid government]] lasted from 18 August 1904 – 5 July 1905. Reid denounced the [[Australian Labor Party|Labour Party]] as the "Socialist tiger". Watson encouraged [[Alfred Deakin]] to abandon the Free Traders, saying: "We, and especially me, don't want office, but I have the utmost anxiety to stop the retrogressive movement which Reid is heading." Deakin commenced his second term as prime minister in July 1905, with Labour's support.<ref>Michelle Grattan; ''Australian Prime Ministers Revised and Updated Edition''; New Holland; 2013; p.59–60</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Alfred Deakin first became |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The early years of Federation saw a volatile political environment. The first Deakin |
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{{expand section|date=September 2019}} |
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*''[[Papua Act 1905]]'' – formal acceptance of administration of [[British New Guinea]] and establishment of [[Territory of Papua]] |
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| ⚫ | The [[Reid |
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*''Judiciary Act 1906'' – addition of two additional judges to the High Court |
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*[[1906 Australian Senate elections referendum]] (passed in every state and with 82.65% nationwide) |
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*''[[Quarantine Act 1908]]'' |
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==Aftermath== |
==Aftermath== |
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{{expand section|date=September 2019}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Latest revision as of 22:36, 27 December 2023
Deakin government (II) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| In office | |
| 5 July 1905 – 13 November 1908 | |
| Monarch | Edward VII |
| Prime Minister | Alfred Deakin |
| Party | Protectionist |
| Status | Minority (Labor support) |
| Origin | Predecessor lost confidence motion |
| Demise | Lost confidence motion |
| Predecessor | Reid government |
| Successor | Fisher government (I) |
The second Deakin government was the period of federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister Alfred Deakin. It lasted from 5 July 1905 to 13 November 1908. Deakin was the second prime minister of Australia, having previously led the Deakin government (1903–1904), and held the office again in 1909–1910.[1]
Alfred Deakin
[edit]Alfred Deakin (1856–1919) – a barrister, journalist and important Federation era politician – was born in Melbourne in 1856. He first entered the Victorian Parliament as a Liberal in 1879. He attended all the official federal conferences and conventions working towards federation of Britain's Australian colonies, and was skilled at brokering compromises. He played a significant part in shaping the Australian Constitution, and arguing the case for unity of the colonies.[2]
Deakin was a fine orator and major player in the establishment of the institutions of Australian democracy, and served three times in the office of prime minister during the first ten years after Australia's federation.[3]
Background
[edit]Alfred Deakin first became prime minister after Edmund Barton resigned to become a judge on the first High Court of Australia.[4] The first Deakin government failed to pass any legislation in the newly formed Australian Federal Parliament. The Protectionists' shaky coalition with the Australian Labor Party did not long survive the December 1903 election, and by the resumption of Parliament in March 1904, the Deakin government had fallen, amid a dispute over a Labor Party amendment to the Conciliation and Arbitration Bill.[4]
The early years of Federation saw a volatile political environment. The first Deakin government ended on 27 April 1904, making way for the first Australian Labor Party government of Australia, led by Chris Watson. In August that year, the Protectionists split with radical liberals, Isaac Isaacs and William Lyne, aligning with the Labor Party against the Free Trade Party of George Reid.[4]
The Reid government lasted from 18 August 1904 – 5 July 1905. Reid denounced the Labour Party as the "Socialist tiger". Watson encouraged Alfred Deakin to abandon the Free Traders, saying: "We, and especially me, don't want office, but I have the utmost anxiety to stop the retrogressive movement which Reid is heading." Deakin commenced his second term as prime minister in July 1905, with Labour's support.[5]
In office
[edit]![[icon]](/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2019) |
- Papua Act 1905 – formal acceptance of administration of British New Guinea and establishment of Territory of Papua
- Judiciary Act 1906 – addition of two additional judges to the High Court
- 1906 Australian Senate elections referendum (passed in every state and with 82.65% nationwide)
- Quarantine Act 1908
Aftermath
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2019) |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Michelle Grattan; Australian Prime Ministers Revised and Updated Edition; New Holland; 2013
- ^ "Deakin, Alfred (1856–1919)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
- ^ Australia's PMs > Alfred Deakin Archived 12 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c Australia's PMs > Alfred Deakin > In office Archived 12 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Michelle Grattan; Australian Prime Ministers Revised and Updated Edition; New Holland; 2013; p.59–60