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{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
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{{Infobox Spacecraft
{{italic title}}
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| Name = Luna 7
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{{Infobox spaceflight
⚫
| Image =
| Caption =
| name = ''Luna 7''
| image = Moon map Luna 17 Luna 2 Apollo 15 Surveyor 6 Surveyor 4 Luna 7 Luna 8 Luna 11.png
| Organisation = [[Soviet Union]]
| image_caption = Lunar map showing the location of ''Luna 7'' in relation to other rovers and landing sites. Lower left, on top of the scale bar
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| Major_Contractors = [[OKB-1]]

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| Bus =
| Mission_Type = [[Planetary Science]] Lunar landing
| mission_type = Lunar lander
| Satellite_Of = [[Moon]]
| operator = Soviet space program
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| COSPAR_ID = 1965-077A
| Orbital_Insertion_Date =
| Orbits =
| SATCAT =
| Decay =
| mission_duration = 3 days

| Launch = {{Start date|1965|10|04|07|55|00|Z|df=y}}
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| spacecraft_type = [[Ye-6]]
| Launch_Vehicle = [[Molniya (rocket)|Molniya 8K78]] ([[R-7 Semyorka|4-Stage R-7/SS-6]])
| Mass = {{Convert|1504|kg|abbr=on}}
| manufacturer = [[OKB-1]]
| Carrier_Rocket =
| dry_mass =
| launch_mass = {{Convert|1504|kg}}<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-077A|title = NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details}}</ref>
| Launch_Site =
| Mission_Duration = 3 days
| power =

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| MissionHighlight= Lunar impact on <br>7 October 1965, 22:08 UTC<br/> {{Lunar coords and quad cat|9.8|N|47.8|W}}.
| launch_date = {{start-date|October 4, 1965, 07:55|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC<ref name="auto"/>
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| NSSDC_ID = 1965-077A
| launch_rocket = [[Molniya-M]] 8K78M<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1965-077A|title=NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Telemetry Details|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
| nolink = y<!--set to anything to prevent linking COSPAR to NSSDC database-->
| launch_site = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome|Baikonur]] [[Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 1|1/5]]<ref name="auto1"/>
| Webpage = [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1965-077A NASA NSSDC Master Catalog]
| Main_Instruments = Lunar photography
| launch_contractor =
| Refs =
| last_contact =

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| orbit_epoch =
| orbit_reference = <!--transfer orbit-->
| orbit_periapsis =
| orbit_apoapsis =
| orbit_inclination =
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| apsis =

|interplanetary =
{{Infobox spaceflight/IP
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|type = lander_impact
|object = [[Moon|Lunar]]
|arrival_date = {{end-date|October 7, 1965, 22:08}}&nbsp;UTC
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|location = {{Lunar coords and quad cat|9.8|N|47.8|W}}
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}}

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| programme = '''[[Luna programme]]'''
| previous_mission = [[Luna 6]]
| next_mission = [[Luna 8]]
}}
}}
'''Luna 7''' (E-6 series) was an [[unmanned space mission]] of the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Luna program]], also called '''Lunik 7'''. The Luna 7 spacecraft was intended to achieve a soft landing on the [[Moon]]. However, due to premature retrofire and cutoff of the retrorockets, the spacecraft impacted the lunar surface in [[Oceanus Procellarum]].
'''''Luna 7''''' (E-6 or Ye-6 series) was an [[uncrewed space mission]] of the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Luna program]], also called '''Lunik 7'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3WYzAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA15&article_id=6935,758279|title=Lodi News-Sentinel|publisher=Lodi News-Sentinel|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tbk0AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&article_id=6090,1118593|title=The Day|publisher=The Day|via=Google Books}}</ref>


== Mission ==
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Unlike its predecessors, Luna 7 successfully carried out its mid-course correction on October 5 on the way to the Moon, in anticipation of a soft-landing two days later. Unfortunately, immediately prior to planned retro-fire during the approach to the lunar surface, the spacecraft suddenly lost [[attitude control]] and failed to regain it. Automatic programmed systems then prevented the main engine from firing. As controllers observed helplessly, Luna 7 plummeted to the lunar surface at a very high speed, crashing at 22:08:24 UT on October 7, 1965, west of the [[Kepler (lunar crater)|Kepler crater]], relatively near the actual intended target. Impact coordinates were {{Lunar coords and quad cat|9|N|49|W}}. Later investigation indicated that the optical sensor of the [[Celestial navigation|astronavigation]] system had been set at the wrong angle and had lost sight of Earth during the critical attitude-control maneuver. It was the tenth consecutive failure in the [[Ye-6]] program.
The ''Luna 7'' spacecraft was intended to achieve a soft landing on the [[Moon]]. However, due to premature retrofire and cutoff of the retrorockets, the spacecraft impacted the lunar surface in [[Oceanus Procellarum]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h9kjAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA10&article_id=6618,3760798|title=L'Artisan|publisher=L'Artisan|via=Google Books}}</ref>
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Unlike its predecessors, Luna 7 successfully carried out its mid-course correction on October 5 on the way to the Moon, in anticipation of a soft-landing two days later. However, immediately prior to planned retro-fire during the approach to the lunar surface, the spacecraft suddenly lost [[Spacecraft attitude control|attitude control]] and failed to regain it. Automatic programmed systems then prevented the main engine from firing. As controllers observed helplessly, ''Luna 7'' plummeted to the lunar surface at a very high speed, crashing at 22:08:24 UT on October 7, 1965, west of the [[Kepler (lunar crater)|Kepler crater]], relatively near the actual intended target. Impact coordinates were {{Lunar coords and quad cat|9.8|N|47.8|W}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunar_artifact_impacts.html|title = Table of Anthropogenic Impacts and Spacecraft on the Moon}}</ref>

Later investigation indicated that the optical sensor of the [[Celestial navigation|astronavigation]] system had been set at the wrong angle and had lost sight of Earth during the critical attitude-control maneuver.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nVeY7vMCtOkC&q=%22Luna+7%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA86|title=Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration|first=Brian|last=Harvey|date=August 17, 2007|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9780387739762|via=Google Books}}</ref> It was the tenth consecutive failure in the [[Ye-6]] program.

==See also==
* [[List of artificial objects on the Moon]]
* [[List of missions to the Moon]]

==References==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Luna/Luna.php Zarya - Luna programme chronology]
* [http://www.zarya.info/Diaries/Luna/Luna.php Zarya - Luna programme chronology]


{{sequence|
prev=[[Luna 6]]|
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list=[[Luna programme]]|
next=[[Luna 8]]
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}}
{{Luna programme}}
{{Luna programme}}
{{Lunar landers}}
{{Moon spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 1965}}
{{Orbital launches in 1965}}


[[Category:Luna programme|Luna 07]]
[[Category:Luna programme|Luna 07]]
[[Category:1965 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 1965]]
[[Category:1965 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1965 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon]]

[[Category:1965 on the Moon]]
[[bg:Луна 7]]
[[cs:Luna 7]]
[[es:Luna 7]]
[[fa:لونا ۷]]
[[fr:Luna 7]]
[[it:Luna 7]]
[[hu:Luna–7]]
[[nl:Loena 7]]
[[ja:ルナ7号]]
[[no:Luna 7]]
[[pl:Łuna 7]]
[[ru:Луна-7]]
[[fi:Luna 7]]
[[tg:Луна-7]]
[[zh:月球7号]]

Latest revision as of 12:38, 28 May 2024

Luna 7
Lunar map showing the location of Luna 7 in relation to other rovers and landing sites. Lower left, on top of the scale bar
Mission typeLunar lander
OperatorSoviet space program
COSPAR ID1965-077A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.01610Edit this on Wikidata
Mission duration3 days
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft typeYe-6
ManufacturerOKB-1
Launch mass1,504 kilograms (3,316 lb)[1]
Start of mission
Launch dateOctober 4, 1965, 07:55 (1965-10-04UTC07:55Z) UTC[1]
RocketMolniya-M 8K78M[2]
Launch siteBaikonur 1/5[2]
Lunar impact (failed landing)
Impact dateOctober 7, 1965, 22:08 (1965-10-07UTC22:09) UTC
Impact site9°48′N 47°48′W / 9.8°N 47.8°W / 9.8; -47.8
← Luna 6
Luna 8 →

Luna 7 (E-6 or Ye-6 series) was an uncrewed space mission of the Soviet Luna program, also called Lunik 7.[3][4]

Mission

[edit]

The Luna 7 spacecraft was intended to achieve a soft landing on the Moon. However, due to premature retrofire and cutoff of the retrorockets, the spacecraft impacted the lunar surface in Oceanus Procellarum.[5] Unlike its predecessors, Luna 7 successfully carried out its mid-course correction on October 5 on the way to the Moon, in anticipation of a soft-landing two days later. However, immediately prior to planned retro-fire during the approach to the lunar surface, the spacecraft suddenly lost attitude control and failed to regain it. Automatic programmed systems then prevented the main engine from firing. As controllers observed helplessly, Luna 7 plummeted to the lunar surface at a very high speed, crashing at 22:08:24 UT on October 7, 1965, west of the Kepler crater, relatively near the actual intended target. Impact coordinates were 9°48′N 47°48′W / 9.8°N 47.8°W / 9.8; -47.8.[6]

Later investigation indicated that the optical sensor of the astronavigation system had been set at the wrong angle and had lost sight of Earth during the critical attitude-control maneuver.[7] It was the tenth consecutive failure in the Ye-6 program.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details".
  2. ^ a b "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Telemetry Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
  3. ^ "Lodi News-Sentinel". Lodi News-Sentinel – via Google Books.
  4. ^ "The Day". The Day – via Google Books.
  5. ^ "L'Artisan". L'Artisan – via Google Books.
  6. ^ "Table of Anthropogenic Impacts and Spacecraft on the Moon".
  7. ^ Harvey, Brian (August 17, 2007). Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9780387739762 – via Google Books.
[edit]
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