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{{otherships|German submarine U-101}}
{{other ships|German submarine U-101}}
{|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox Ship Image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=
|Ship image=
|Ship caption=
|Ship caption=
}}
}}
{{Infobox Ship Career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Kaiserliche Marine]]
|Ship country=[[German Empire]]
|Ship flag=[[Image:War Ensign of Germany 1903-1918.svg|60px]]
|Ship flag={{Shipboxflag|German Empire|naval}}
|Ship class=[[Submarine]]
|Ship name=''U-101''
|Ship name=''U-101''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship ordered=15 September 1915
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=[[AG Weser]], Bremen
|Ship builder=
|Ship yard number=252
|Ship laid down=
|Ship laid down=30 November 1915
|Ship launched=
|Ship launched=1 April 1917
|Ship christened=
|Ship commissioned=15 May 1917
|Ship fate=Surrendered 21 November 1918
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship captured=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship fate=
|Ship status=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship homeport=
}}
}}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Header caption={{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=12-14}}
|Ship class=[[German Type U 57 submarine]]
|Ship displacement=
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|750|t|LT|abbr=on|lk=on}} surfaced
|Ship tons burthen=
*{{convert|952|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
|Ship length=
|Ship length=*{{convert|67.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ([[o/a]])
|Ship beam=
*{{convert|54.02|m|ftin|abbr=on}} ([[pressure hull]])
|Ship draught=
|Ship beam=*{{convert|6.32|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (o/a)
|Ship draft=
*{{convert|4.05|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (pressure hull)
|Ship propulsion=
|Ship height={{convert|8.25|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship speed surface=kn
|Ship draught={{convert|3.65|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship range surface=kn
|Ship power=*2 × {{convert|2400|PS|kW shp|abbr=on|lk=on|0}} surfaced
|Ship endurance=
*2 × {{convert|1200|PS|kW shp|abbr=on|0}} submerged
|Ship test depth=
|Ship propulsion=2 shafts, 2 × {{convert|1.65|m|ftin|abbr=on}} propellers
|Ship boats=
|Ship speed=*{{convert|16.5|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
|Ship capacity=
*{{convert|8.8|kn}} submerged
|Ship complement=
|Ship range=*{{convert|10100|nmi|abbr=on|lk=in}} at {{convert|8|kn}} surfaced
|Ship time to activate=
*{{convert|56|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|5|kn}} submerged
|Ship sensors=
|Ship test depth={{convert|50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship EW=
|Ship complement=4 officers, 32 enlisted
|Ship armament=
|Ship armament=
*4 × {{convert|50|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (two bow, two stern)
|Ship armour=
*10–12 [[torpedo]]es
|Ship armor=
*2 × [[8.8 cm SK L/30 naval gun|{{convert|8.8|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK L/30]] [[deck gun]]
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox service record
|is_ship=yes
|partof=*II Flotilla
*10 July 1917 – 11 November 1918
|commanders=*''[[Kptlt.]]'' Karl Koopmann<ref>{{cite Uboat.net
|id=181
|name=Karl Koopmann
|type=1comm
|accessdate=25 January 2015
}}</ref>
*15 May 1917 – 19 December 1917
*''Kptlt.'' Carl-Siegfried Ritter von Georg<ref>{{cite Uboat.net
|id=95
|name=Carl-Siegfried Ritter von Georg (Pour le Mérite)
|type=1comm
|accessdate=25 January 2015
}}</ref>
*20 December 1917 – 17 June 1918
*''Kptlt.'' Friedrich Ulrich<ref>{{cite Uboat.net
|id=95
|name=Friedrich Ulrich
|type=1comm
|accessdate=25 January 2015
}}</ref>
*18 June 1918 – 11 November 1918
|operations=8 patrols
|victories=
*22 merchant ships sunk <br>({{GRT|26,045}})
*1 auxiliary warship sunk <br>({{GRT|208}})
*3 merchant ships damaged <br>({{GRT|11,217}})
}}
}}
|}
|}


'''SM U-101''' was one of the 329 [[submarine]]s serving in the Imperial German Navy ([[Kaiserliche Marine]]) in [[World War I]].
'''SM ''U-101''''' was one of the 329 [[submarine]]s serving in the [[Imperial German Navy]] in [[World War I]].
U-101 was engaged in the [[Naval warfare of World War I|naval warfare]] and took part in the [[First Battle of the Atlantic]]. Launched in 1917, she survived the war.
''U-101'' was engaged in the [[Commerce raiding|German campaign against Allied commerce]] (''[[U-boat Campaign (World War I)|Handelskrieg]]'') during that conflict.<ref>{{cite Uboat.net
|id=101
|name=U 101
|type=1sub
|accessdate=25 January 2010
}}</ref> On 26 November 1917, ''U-101'' torpedoed and damaged [[RFA Crenella|RFA ''Crenella'']],<ref name=Crenella>{{cite web |url=http://www.historicalrfa.org/index.php/index.php/rfa-crenella-ship-information |title=RFA Crenella |publisher=Royal Fleet Auxiliary Historical Society|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref> which managed to return to port with assistance from {{USS|Cushing|DD-55|6}}.<ref name=Cushing>{{cite web |url=http://www.historycentral.com/NAVY/destroyer/CushingIIdd55.html|title=Cushing II DD-55 |publisher=History Central|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref>


==Summary of raiding history==
== Operations known to British Intelligence ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
The following are recorded activities of SM U-101 known to the [[British intelligence]] services, [[Room 40]]:<ref>[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=3981615&j=1 National Archives, Kew: HW 7/3, Room 40, History of German Naval Warfare 1914-1918] (Published below - Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918)</ref>
|-
SM U-101, Kaptlt. Koopmann; afterwards Kaptlt. Georg, by April 1918. Left the stocks at Bremen about May 1917, and joined the Kiel School proceeding from there to North Sea on 10th July 1917. She was attached to the 2nd Half Flotilla.
! width="140px"|Date
! width="180px"|Name
! width="160px"|Nationality
! width="25px" |Tonnage<ref group=Note name=tonnage>Merchant ship tonnages are in [[gross register tons]]. Military vessels are listed by tons [[displacement (ship)|displacement]].</ref>
! width="160px"|Fate<ref>{{cite Uboat.net
|id=u101
|name=U 101
|type=1boat
|accessdate=25 January 2015
}}</ref>
|-
|align="right"|6 August 1917
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in November 1917#26 November|''Rosemount'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|3,044
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|26 September 1917
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in November 1917#26 November|''Jacqueline'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|France}}
|align="right"|2,899
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|9 October 1917
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in November 1917#26 November|''Nervier'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|Belgium}}
|align="right"|1,759
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|26 November 1917
|align="left" |{{ship|RFA|Crenella}}
|align="left" |{{navy|United Kingdom|RFA}}
|align="right"|7,035
|align="left" |Damaged
|-
|align="right"|27 November 1917
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in November 1917#26 November|''Notre Dame De Rostrenen'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|France}}
|align="right"|186
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|19 January 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''St. Clair'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|621
|align="left" |Damaged
|-
|align="right"|1 February 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Kindly Light'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|116
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|2 February 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Marie Magdeleine'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|France}}
|align="right"|115
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|2 February 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Sofie'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|354
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|3 February 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Nikolaos'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}
|align="right"|3,561
|align="left" |Damaged
|-
|align="right"|5 February 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Mexico City'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|5,078
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|20 March 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Glenford'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|494
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|22 March 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Trinidad'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|2,592
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|23 March 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Jane Gray'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|124
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|24 March 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''John G. Walter'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|258
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|27 March 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Allendale'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|2,153
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|30 March 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Lough Fisher'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|418
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|2 April 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Solway Queen'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|307
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|14 May 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Embla'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|Denmark}}
|align="right"|157
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|26 May 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Princess Royal'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|1,986
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|27 May 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Molière'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|France}}
|align="right"|1,545
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|28 May 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Flora'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|France}}
|align="right"|209
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|29 May 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Souvenir'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|Denmark}}
|align="right"|549
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|30 May 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Waneta'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|1,683
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|31 May 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|''Pretty Polly'']]
|align="left" |{{flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|align="right"|19
|align="left" |Sunk
|-
|align="right"|3 June 1918
|align="left" |[[List of shipwrecks in March 1918#20 March|HMT ''St. John’s'']]
|align="left" |{{navy|United Kingdom}}
|align="right"|208
|align="left" |Sunk
|}


==References==
*16th July - 8th August 1917. Apparently cruised to N.W. of Ireland. There are no details known, except that she reported on the 3rd August that she had twice met enemy submarines.


===Notes===
*13th September - 12th October 1917. Northabout to S.W. of Ireland. Sank 1 S.S., 1 sailing vessel. Was unable to return by Kattegat, owing to shortage of fuel.
{{Reflist|group=Note}}


===Citations===
*15th November - 17th November 1917. Was sent out at full speed apparently to scout in Bight. Made no report before she returned.

*18th November - 14th December 1917. Northabout to Bay of Biscay and Channel approach. Sank 1 S.S., 1 sailing vessel. (Actual tonnage 3,827, submarine claimed 5,184 tons.)

*17th January - 14th February 1918. Northabout to English Channel, returned northabout and Sound. Sank 3 S.S., 3 sailing vessels. Claimed 11,000 tons sinkings approximately correct.

*14th March - 8th April 1918. Northabout to Channel. Was ordered on 27th March to occupy approach to Havre in connection with attempt to cut off British transports on the way to France. Reported being fired on by enemy submarines near Tuskar Rock Lighthouse. Returned northabout and by Sound. Sank about 5 S.S., 2 sailing vessels. (Note. U-101 was reported as repairing at Wilhelmshaven after this cruise, having been depth-charged by a U.S. T.B.D.)

*13th May - 9th June 1918. From Bight via Fair Island to Channel approach, back round Muckle Flugga to Bight. Claimed 17,000 tons sinkings. The German Admiralty advertised as an instance of the humanity of their U-boat commanders the leaving of a boat to the wounded crew of the trawler ST. JOHN, which was sunk on the 3rd June.

*? 18th July - 13th August 1918. Northabout to S.W. of Ireland, abandoned operation owing to defects. Sank 1 S.S., 1 sailing vessel. Returned northabout and by Sound.

*5th October - 30th October 1918. Northabout by Kattegat to Channel approach, back northabout. Reported enemy submarines in Skagerrak on the way out. Claimed 21,000 tons.

*20th November 1918. Surrendered at Harwich.

<small>
Note: S.S. = Steam Ship; S.V. = Sailing Vessel; northabout, Muckle Flugga, Fair I. = around Scotland; Sound, Belts, Kattegat = via North of Denmark to/from German Baltic ports; Bight = to/from German North Sea ports; success = sinking of ships
</small>

== See also ==
*[[List of U-boats]]
*[[Room 40]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== References ==
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book
*{{cite book |title=Der Handelskrieg mit U-Booten. 5 Vols |last=Spindler |first=Arno |year=1932,1933,1934,1941/1964,1966|publisher= Mittler & Sohn. Vols. 4+5, dealing with 1917+18, are very hard to find: [[Guildhall Library]], London, has them all, also Vol. 1-3 in an English translation: ''The submarine war against commerce''|location=Berlin }}
|last1=Gröner
*{{cite book |title=Room 40: British Naval Intelligence 1914-1918|last=Beesly |first=Patrick |year=1982 |publisher= H Hamilton |location=London |isbn=978-0241108642 }}
|first1=Erich
*{{cite book |title=A Naval History of World War I|last=Halpern |first=Paul G. |year=1944 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=978-1857284980 }}
|last2=Jung
*{{cite book |title=Die Unterseeboote der Kaiserlichen Marine |last=Roessler |first=Eberhard |year=1997 |publisher= Bernard & Graefe |location=Bonn |isbn=978-3763759637 }}
|first2=Dieter
*{{cite book |title=Die U-Boote des Kaisers |last=Schroeder |first=Joachim |year=2002 |publisher= Bernard & Graefe |location=Bonn |isbn=978-3763762354 }}
|last3=Maass
*{{cite book |title=Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918. Vol I., The Fleet in Action|last=Koerver |first=Hans Joachim |year=2008 |publisher=LIS Reinisch |location=Steinbach |isbn=978-3-902433-76-3 }}
|first3=Martin
*{{cite book |title=Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918. Vol II., The Fleet in Being|last=Koerver |first=Hans Joachim |year=2009 |publisher=LIS Reinisch |location=Steinbach |isbn=978-3-902433-77-0 }}
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|series=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGröner1991
}}


{{U-57 class submarines}}
==External links==
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
*[http://www.u54.suedholland-ferienhaus.de/html/s_m__u_54.html Photos of cruises of German submarine U-54 in 1916-1918.]
*[http://www.europafilmtreasures.eu/PY/269/see-the-film-the_enchanted_circle A 44 min. German film from 1917 about a cruise of the German submarine U-35.]
*[http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=101 Uboat.net:] More detailed information about U-101.
*[http://germannavalwarfare.info/indexbr.htm Room 40:] original documents, photos and maps about WWI German submarine warfare and British [[Room 40]] Intelligence from [[The National Archives]], Kew, Richmond, UK.


{{DEFAULTSORT:U0101}}
[[Category:World War I submarines of Germany]]
[[Category:World War I submarines of Germany]]
[[Category:Type U 57 submarines]]
[[Category:Ships built in Bremen (state)]]
[[Category:1917 ships]]
[[Category:U-boats commissioned in 1917]]

Latest revision as of 10:34, 1 June 2024

For other ships with the same name, see German submarine U-101.
History
German Empire
NameU-101
Ordered15 September 1915
BuilderAG Weser, Bremen
Yard number252
Laid down30 November 1915
Launched1 April 1917
Commissioned15 May 1917
FateSurrendered 21 November 1918
General characteristics [1]
Class and typeGerman Type U 57 submarine
Displacement
  • 750 t (740 long tons) surfaced
  • 952 t (937 long tons) submerged
Length
Beam
  • 6.32 m (20 ft 9 in) (o/a)
  • 4.05 m (13 ft 3 in) (pressure hull)
Height8.25 m (27 ft 1 in)
Draught3.65 m (12 ft)
Installed power
  • 2 × 2,400 PS (1,765 kW; 2,367 shp) surfaced
  • 2 × 1,200 PS (883 kW; 1,184 shp) submerged
Propulsion2 shafts, 2 × 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) propellers
Speed
  • 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph) surfaced
  • 8.8 knots (16.3 km/h; 10.1 mph) submerged
Range
  • 10,100 nmi (18,700 km; 11,600 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) surfaced
  • 56 nmi (104 km; 64 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) submerged
Test depth50 m (164 ft 1 in)
Complement4 officers, 32 enlisted
Armament
Service record
Part of:
  • II Flotilla
  • 10 July 1917 – 11 November 1918
Commanders:
  • Kptlt. Karl Koopmann[2]
  • 15 May 1917 – 19 December 1917
  • Kptlt. Carl-Siegfried Ritter von Georg[3]
  • 20 December 1917 – 17 June 1918
  • Kptlt. Friedrich Ulrich[4]
  • 18 June 1918 – 11 November 1918
Operations: 8 patrols
Victories:
  • 22 merchant ships sunk
    (26,045 GRT)
  • 1 auxiliary warship sunk
    (208 GRT)
  • 3 merchant ships damaged
    (11,217 GRT)

SM U-101 was one of the 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. U-101 was engaged in the German campaign against Allied commerce (Handelskrieg) during that conflict.[5] On 26 November 1917, U-101 torpedoed and damaged RFA Crenella,[6] which managed to return to port with assistance from USS Cushing.[7]

Summary of raiding history

[edit]
Date Name Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] Fate[8]
6 August 1917 Rosemount  United Kingdom 3,044 Sunk
26 September 1917 Jacqueline  France 2,899 Sunk
9 October 1917 Nervier  Belgium 1,759 Sunk
26 November 1917 RFA Crenella  Royal Navy 7,035 Damaged
27 November 1917 Notre Dame De Rostrenen  France 186 Sunk
19 January 1918 St. Clair  United Kingdom 621 Damaged
1 February 1918 Kindly Light  United Kingdom 116 Sunk
2 February 1918 Marie Magdeleine  France 115 Sunk
2 February 1918 Sofie  United Kingdom 354 Sunk
3 February 1918 Nikolaos  Kingdom of Italy 3,561 Damaged
5 February 1918 Mexico City  United Kingdom 5,078 Sunk
20 March 1918 Glenford  United Kingdom 494 Sunk
22 March 1918 Trinidad  United Kingdom 2,592 Sunk
23 March 1918 Jane Gray  United Kingdom 124 Sunk
24 March 1918 John G. Walter  United Kingdom 258 Sunk
27 March 1918 Allendale  United Kingdom 2,153 Sunk
30 March 1918 Lough Fisher  United Kingdom 418 Sunk
2 April 1918 Solway Queen  United Kingdom 307 Sunk
14 May 1918 Embla  Denmark 157 Sunk
26 May 1918 Princess Royal  United Kingdom 1,986 Sunk
27 May 1918 Molière  France 1,545 Sunk
28 May 1918 Flora  France 209 Sunk
29 May 1918 Souvenir  Denmark 549 Sunk
30 May 1918 Waneta  United Kingdom 1,683 Sunk
31 May 1918 Pretty Polly  United Kingdom 19 Sunk
3 June 1918 HMT St. John’s  Royal Navy 208 Sunk

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement.

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Gröner 1991, pp. 12–14.
  2. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Karl Koopmann". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  3. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Carl-Siegfried Ritter von Georg (Pour le Mérite)". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  4. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Friedrich Ulrich". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
  5. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: U 101". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
  6. ^ "RFA Crenella". Royal Fleet Auxiliary Historical Society. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  7. ^ "Cushing II DD-55". History Central. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  8. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U 101". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 25 January 2015.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.

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