Koçgiri (tribe): Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Latest revision as of 10:22, 16 June 2024

Koçgiri (Kurdish: Eşireta Qoçgirî; Turkish: Koçgiri aşireti) is a collection or confederation of Kurdish Alevi tribes,^[1] of mainly from Sivas Province (and also Erzincan Province), in Turkey. They are speakers of a dialect of Kurmanji.

Etymology

The origin of the name Koçgiri is disputed, there are two main opposing points of view:

Qoçgirî may originally mean «Great migration» in the Kurdish language, qoç (migration) being itself a loanword from a Turkic language,

History

Ottoman tax records in the 1360-1370's mention the name of Koçgiri, indicating that a so named region or tribe paid their taxes to the Ottomans.^[2]

They are known to have initiated the Koçgiri rebellion that occurred in March 1921, during the Turkish War of Independence. About 5,000 rebels, including Sunni tribes having joined the uprising later,^[3] fought against the Grand National Assembly. They were defeated on 17 June.

References

^ Bruinessen, Martin van, ed. (1997-01-01). "Aslini İnkar Eden Haramzadedir! the Debate on the Ethnic Identity of the Kurdish Alevis". Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East: 1–23. doi:10.1163/9789004378988_005. hdl:1874/20716. ISBN 9789004378988. Further west, we find another important Kurdish Alevi population, the Koçgiri tribal confederation, in and around the Zara district of Sivas.
^ KOÇGİRİ OLAYI, https://muhaz.org/ismail-arabaci-kimdir.html?page=50, 16/11/1999
^ Güneş 2014, p. 244.

Sources

Vital, Cuinet (1891–1894). La Turquie d'Asie, géographie administrative : statistique, descriptive et raisonnée de chaque province de l'Asie Mineure (in French). Paris. pp. 619–620.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Güneş, Ergin (2014). Boztuğ, Onursal (ed.). "Koçgiri İsyanı Ekseninde Dersim Direnişi" (in Turkish). Tunceli University: 244. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[1] Bruinessen, Martin van, ed. (1997-01-01). "Aslini İnkar Eden Haramzadedir! the Debate on the Ethnic Identity of the Kurdish Alevis". Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East: 1–23. doi:10.1163/9789004378988_005. hdl:1874/20716. ISBN 9789004378988. Further west, we find another important Kurdish Alevi population, the Koçgiri tribal confederation, in and around the Zara district of Sivas.

[BakiOz-2] KOÇGİRİ OLAYI, https://muhaz.org/ismail-arabaci-kimdir.html?page=50, 16/11/1999

[FOOTNOTEGüneş2014244-3] Güneş 2014, p. 244.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Confederation of Kurdish Alevi tribes}}
-'''Koçgiri''' ({{Lang-ku|Eşireta Qoçgirî}}; {{Lang-tr|Koçgiri aşireti}}) is a collection or confederation of [[Kurds|Kurdish]] [[Alevism|Alevi]] tribes,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1997-01-01|editor-last=Bruinessen|editor-first=Martin van|title=Aslini İnkar Eden Haramzadedir! the Debate on the Ethnic Identity of the Kurdish Alevis|url=https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004378988/B9789004378988_s005.xml|journal=Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East|language=en|pages=1–23|doi=10.1163/9789004378988_005|hdl=1874/20716|isbn=9789004378988|quote="Further west, we find another important Kurdish Alevi population, the Koçgiri tribal confederation, in and around the Zara district of Sivas."|hdl-access=free}}</ref> of mainly from [[Sivas Province]] (and also [[Erzincan Province]]), in [[Turkey]]. They are mostly speakers of a dialect of [[Kurmanji]], some of them also speak [[Zaza language|Zaza]].
+'''Koçgiri''' ({{Lang-ku|Eşireta Qoçgirî}}; {{Lang-tr|Koçgiri aşireti}}) is a collection or confederation of [[Kurds|Kurdish]] [[Alevism|Alevi]] tribes,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1997-01-01|editor-last=Bruinessen|editor-first=Martin van|title=Aslini İnkar Eden Haramzadedir! the Debate on the Ethnic Identity of the Kurdish Alevis|url=https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004378988/B9789004378988_s005.xml|journal=Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East|language=en|pages=1–23|doi=10.1163/9789004378988_005|hdl=1874/20716|isbn=9789004378988|quote="Further west, we find another important Kurdish Alevi population, the Koçgiri tribal confederation, in and around the Zara district of Sivas."|hdl-access=free}}</ref> of mainly from [[Sivas Province]] (and also [[Erzincan Province]]), in [[Turkey]]. They are speakers of a dialect of [[Kurmanji]].
 == Etymology ==
-The origin of the name ''Koçgiri comes from the Ancient Uyhgur Language which Means the Koçgiri tribe might have Uyghur Ancestory ' is disputed, there are two main opposing points of view:
+The origin of the name ''Koçgiri'' is disputed, there are two main opposing points of view:
-* ''Qoçgirî'' may originally mean «Great migration» in the Khorosani Turkic Language language, ''qoç'' (migration) being itself a loanword from a Turkic language,
+* ''Qoçgirî'' may originally mean «Great migration» in the Kurdish language, ''qoç'' (migration) being itself a loanword from a Turkic language,
-* It may be a Turkic tribal name, the first part of the name ''koç'' meaning "ram".<ref name= "BakiOz"/><ref name= "MélikoffAlptekin"/> The early form of ''koç'' in Turkish (''koçkar'' or ''qoçqar'', ''qočuŋar'' in Old Turkic), seems alike to ''Koçkiri'' which is the old spelling of the tribe's name.
-And we could see that Koçgiri Is an Turkic Tribe
 == History ==
 {{further|Alevi history}}
-Some scholars state that they may be, at least partly, of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] ancestry.<ref name= "MélikoffAlptekin">{{Cite book |last1=Mélikoff|first1=Irène|last2=Alptekin|first2=Turan|title=Uyur İdik Uyardılar Alevîlik-Bektaşîlik Araştırmaları|publisher=Istanbul : Cem, 1993.|page=104|date=1993|isbn=9789754064070|quote=Araştırmalarım beni Kurmancı denen ve Kürtler olarak tanınan insanlar arasında kalmaya götürdü. Töreleri, Orta Asya’ya kadar uzanan Türk töreleriydi. Bunlar arasında rastlanılan ölümle ilgili adetler, yeni doğanlar ve yeni lohusaları basan insan yiyici cin (demone), al inanışı, şubat ayında gerçekte Türkler’in on iki hayvanlı takvimlerine, eski yeni yıl bayramları olan Hızır bayramının kutlanması vb. Orta Asya geleneğinin bir devamıdır. Sorduğumda, kaynaklarımda biri bana “Soy olarak Kürt-Kurmanç değiliz. Fakat inançlarımız dolayısıyla eza gördük, dağlara sığındık, Kürtlere karıştık ve Kürtler olarak adlandırıldık”}}</ref> Some of them describe themselves as ethnic Turks that has been Kurdified.<ref name= "MélikoffAlptekin"/>
 Ottoman tax records in the 1360-1370's mention the name of Koçgiri, indicating that a so named region or tribe paid their taxes to the Ottomans.<ref name= "BakiOz">KOÇGİRİ OLAYI, https://muhaz.org/ismail-arabaci-kimdir.html?page=50, 16/11/1999</ref>{{main|Koçgiri rebellion}}