Jump to content

Kryts language: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Adding local short description: "Samur language of Azerbaijan", overriding Wikidata description "language of Azerbaijan"
 
(11 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Samur language of Azerbaijan}}
{{Short description|Samur language of Azerbaijan}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Kryts
| name = Kryts
|altname=кърыцIаь мез ''ġrəċä mez''
| altname = кърыцIаь мез ''ġrəċä mez''
|nativename=цIека meз ''ċeka mez''
| nativename = цIека meз ''ċeka mez''
|states=[[Azerbaijan]]
| states = [[Azerbaijan]]
|region=[[Quba Rayon]]
| region = [[Quba Rayon]]
|ethnicity=[[Kryts people|Kryts]]
| ethnicity = [[Kryts people]]
|speakers=5,000
| speakers = 5,000
|date=2007
| date = 2007
|ref=e18
| ref = e25
|familycolor=Caucasian
| familycolor = Caucasian
|fam1=[[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]]
| fam1 = [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]]
|fam2=[[Lezgic languages|Lezgic]]
| fam2 = [[Lezgic languages|Lezgic]]
|fam3=[[Samur languages|Samur]]
| fam3 = [[Samur languages|Samur]]
|fam4=[[Southern Samur languages|Southern Samur]]
| fam4 = [[Southern Samur languages|Southern Samur]]
|iso3=kry
| iso3 = kry
|glotto=kryt1240
| glotto = kryt1240
|glottorefname=Kryz<!-- Actual name of referenced Glottolog page -->
| glottorefname = Kryz<!-- Actual name of referenced Glottolog page -->
| dia1 = Kryts
| dia2 = [[Jek language|Jek]]
| dia3 = Khaput
| dia4 = Yergyudzh
| dia5 = Alyk
| map2 = Lang Status 40-SE.svg
| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Kryts is classified as Severely Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] [[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]<ref name="unesco">[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00206 UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222090430/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00206 |date=22 February 2009 }}</ref> <!--UNESCO Endangered Language Criteria: 1. Vulnerable, 2. Definitely Endangered, 3. Severely Endangered, 4. Critically Endangered, 5. Extinct-->}}}}
}}
}}


'''Kryts''' (Kryc) is a [[Samur languages|Samur language]] of the [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian language family]] spoken in parts of the [[Quba Rayon]] of [[Azerbaijan]] by 6,000 people in 1975.<ref name="Ethnologue">[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kry Ethnologue entry for Kryts]</ref> Its dialects are Kryts, [[Jek language|Jek]], Khaput, Yergyudzh, and Alyk, which are all quite distinct to the point of only partial [[mutual intelligibility]], therefore they could also be considered separate languages in a [[dialect continuum]].<ref name="Ethnologue"/>
'''Kryts''' (Kryc) is a [[Lezgic languages|Lezgic language]] of the [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian language family]] spoken in parts of the [[Quba Rayon]] of [[Azerbaijan]] by 6,000 people in 1975.<ref name=e25/> Its dialects are Kryts, [[Jek language|Jek]], Khaput, Yergyudzh, and Alyk, which are all quite distinct to the point of only partial [[mutual intelligibility]], therefore they could also be considered separate languages in a [[dialect continuum]].<ref name=e25/>


Kryts is [[endangered language|endangered]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2508|title=Kryts|website=The Endangered Languages Project}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-1055.html|title=UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|website=UNESCO}}</ref> classified as "severely endangered" by [[UNESCO]]'s [[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]].<ref>[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00206 UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217175902/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00206 |date=February 17, 2010 }}</ref> <!--UNESCO Endangered Language Criteria: 1. Vulnerable, 2. Definitely Endangered, 3. Severely Endangered, 4. Critically Endangered, 5. Extinct-->
Kryts is [[endangered language|endangered]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2508|title=Kryts|website=The Endangered Languages Project}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-1055.html|title=UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger|website=UNESCO}}</ref> classified as "severely endangered" by [[UNESCO]]'s [[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]].<ref>[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00206 UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217175902/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00206 |date=February 17, 2010 }}</ref> <!--UNESCO Endangered Language Criteria: 1. Vulnerable, 2. Definitely Endangered, 3. Severely Endangered, 4. Critically Endangered, 5. Extinct-->
Line 46: Line 53:
! rowspan="3" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]
! rowspan="3" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]
!<small>voiceless</small>
!<small>voiceless</small>
|{{IPA link|p}}
|p
|{{IPA link|t}}
|t
|
|
|{{IPA link|k}}
|k
|kʷ
|{{IPA link|kʷ}}
|kʲ
|{{IPA link|kʲ}}
|{{IPA link|q}}
|q
|qʷ
|{{IPA link|qʷ}}
|qʲ
|{{IPA link|qʲ}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|ʔ}}
|ʔ
|-
|-
![[Ejective consonant|<small>ejective</small>]]
![[Ejective consonant|<small>ejective</small>]]
|pʼ
|{{IPA link|pʼ}}
|tʼ
|{{IPA link|tʼ}}
|
|
|kʼ
|{{IPA link|kʼ}}
|kʼʷ
|{{IPA link|kʼʷ}}
|kʼʲ
|{{IPA link|kʼʲ}}
|qʼ
|{{IPA link|qʼ}}
|qʼʷ
|{{IPA link|qʼʷ}}
|qʼʲ
|{{IPA link|qʼʲ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
![[Voice (phonetics)|<small>voiced</small>]]
![[Voice (phonetics)|<small>voiced</small>]]
|{{IPA link|b}}
|b
|{{IPA link|d}}
|d
|
|
|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|ɡ
|ɡʷ
|{{IPA link|ɡʷ}}
|
|
|(ɢ)
|({{IPA link|ɢ}})
|
|
|
|
Line 87: Line 94:
!<small>voiceless</small>
!<small>voiceless</small>
|
|
|(t͡s)
|({{IPA link|t͡s}})
|t͡ʃ
|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}
|
|
|
|
Line 100: Line 107:
![[Ejective consonant|<small>ejective</small>]]
![[Ejective consonant|<small>ejective</small>]]
|
|
|t͡sʼ
|{{IPA link|t͡sʼ}}
|t͡ʃʼ
|{{IPA link|t͡ʃʼ}}
|
|
|
|
Line 113: Line 120:
![[Voice (phonetics)|<small>voiced</small>]]
![[Voice (phonetics)|<small>voiced</small>]]
|
|
|(d͡z)
|({{IPA link|d͡z}})
|d͡ʒ
|{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}
|
|
|
|
Line 126: Line 133:
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
!<small>voiceless</small>
!<small>voiceless</small>
|{{IPA link|f}}
|f
|{{IPA link|s}}
|s
|{{IPA link|ʃ}}
|ʃ
|{{IPA link|x}}
|x
|
|
|
|
|{{IPA link|χ}}
|χ
|
|
|
|
|(ʜ)
|({{IPA link|ʜ}})
|{{IPA link|h}}
|h
|-
|-
![[Voice (phonetics)|<small>voiced</small>]]
![[Voice (phonetics)|<small>voiced</small>]]
|{{IPA link|v}}
|v
|{{IPA link|z}}
|z
|{{IPA link|ʒ}}
|ʒ
|{{IPA link|ɣ}}
|ɣ
|
|
|
|
|{{IPA link|ʁ}}
|ʁ
|ʁʷ
|{{IPA link|ʁʷ}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|ʕ}}
|ʕ
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|m
|{{IPA link|n}}
|n
|
|
|
|
Line 166: Line 173:
! colspan="2" |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]
! colspan="2" |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|r}}
|r
|
|
|
|
Line 179: Line 186:
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|l}}
|l
|{{IPA link|j}}
|j
|
|
|
|
Line 203: Line 210:
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
![[Close vowel|Close]]
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPA link|i}}
|i
|(ɨ)
|({{IPA link|ɨ}})
|{{IPA link|u}}
|u
|-
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}}
|e
|
|
|
|
Line 214: Line 221:
![[Open vowel|Open]]
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|a}}
|a
|
|
|}
|}
Line 220: Line 227:
* /i/ can be heard as [ɨ], in free variation
* /i/ can be heard as [ɨ], in free variation
* The four vowels may also be pharyngealized as /iˤ, uˤ, eˤ, aˤ/.
* The four vowels may also be pharyngealized as /iˤ, uˤ, eˤ, aˤ/.

== Orthography ==
In 2020, a dictionary was published in the Khaput variety, using the Latin script.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.academia.edu/44897737/Haput_Picture_Dictionary |title=Hərərə Mezınə Şikilbəzınə Luğət |isbn=978-9952-511-17-8 |trans-title=Picture Dictionary in the Haput Language}}</ref>
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |A a
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |B b
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |C c
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ç ç
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ç' ç'
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |D d
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |E e
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ә ә
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |F f
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |G g
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ğ ğ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ğ' ğ'
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |H h
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |H' h'
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ĥ ĥ
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |X x
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |X' x'
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |J j
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |İ i
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |I ı
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |K k
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |K' k'
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Q q
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Q' q'
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Q̂ q̂
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |L l
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |M m
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |N n
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |O o
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ö ö
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |P p
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |P' p'
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |R r
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |S s
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ş ş
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |S' s'
|-
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |T t
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |U u
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ü ü
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |V v
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Y y
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Z z
|}


== References ==
== References ==
*Authier, Gilles. 2009. Grammaire kryz. Paris: Peeters.
*{{cite book |last=Authier |first=Gilles |year=2009 |title=Grammaire kryz |location=Leuven |publisher=Peeters |series=Collection Linguistique (Société de linguistique de Paris) |volume=93 |isbn=9789042923157}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


Latest revision as of 23:52, 26 June 2024

Kryts
кърыцIаь мез ġrəċä mez
цIека meз ċeka mez
Native toAzerbaijan
RegionQuba Rayon
EthnicityKryts people
Native speakers
5,000 (2007)[1]
Dialects
  • Kryts
  • Jek
  • Khaput
  • Yergyudzh
  • Alyk
Language codes
ISO 639-3kry
Glottologkryt1240
ELPKryts
Kryts is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger[2]

Kryts (Kryc) is a Lezgic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in parts of the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan by 6,000 people in 1975.[1] Its dialects are Kryts, Jek, Khaput, Yergyudzh, and Alyk, which are all quite distinct to the point of only partial mutual intelligibility, therefore they could also be considered separate languages in a dialect continuum.[1]

Kryts is endangered,[3][4] classified as "severely endangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[5]

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal/
Epiglottal 		Glottal
plain lab. pal. plain lab. pal.
Stop voiceless p t k kʷ kʲ q qʷ qʲ ʔ
ejective pʼ tʼ kʼ kʼʷ kʼʲ qʼ qʼʷ qʼʲ
voiced b d ɡ ɡʷ (ɢ)
Affricate voiceless (t͡s) t͡ʃ
ejective t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ
voiced (d͡z) d͡ʒ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ x χ (ʜ) h
voiced v z ʒ ɣ ʁ ʁʷ ʕ
Nasal m n
Trill r
Approximant l j
  • /ʁ/ may also be realized as [ɢ] or [qː], in complementary distribution.
  • Sounds /t͡s, d͡z/ only occur in other dialects of the language.
  • An /h/ may vary from a glottal sound to an epiglottal fricative /ʜ/.

Vowels

[edit]
Front Central Back
Close i (ɨ) u
Mid e
Open a
  • /i/ can be heard as [ɨ], in free variation
  • The four vowels may also be pharyngealized as /iˤ, uˤ, eˤ, aˤ/.

Orthography

[edit]

In 2020, a dictionary was published in the Khaput variety, using the Latin script.[6]

A a B b C c Ç ç Ç' ç' D d E e Ә ә F f G g Ğ ğ Ğ' ğ'
H h H' h' Ĥ ĥ X x X' x' J j İ i I ı K k K' k' Q q Q' q'
Q̂ q̂ L l M m N n O o Ö ö P p P' p' R r S s Ş ş S' s'
T t U u Ü ü V v Y y Z z

References

[edit]
  • Authier, Gilles (2009). Grammaire kryz. Collection Linguistique (Société de linguistique de Paris). Vol. 93. Leuven: Peeters. ISBN 9789042923157.
  1. ^ a b c Kryts at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger Archived 22 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Kryts". The Endangered Languages Project.
  4. ^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger". UNESCO.
  5. ^ UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger Archived February 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Hərərə Mezınə Şikilbəzınə Luğət [Picture Dictionary in the Haput Language]. ISBN 978-9952-511-17-8.
[edit]


This Northeast Caucasian languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kryts_language&oldid=1231189492"