Zigongosaurus: Difference between revisions

Zigongosaurus; Temporal range: Middle Jurassic-Late Jurassic
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	†Sauropodomorpha
Clade:	†Sauropoda
Family:	†Mamenchisauridae
Genus:	†Zigongosaurus; Hou, Zhou, & Chao, 1976
Species:	†Z. fuxiensis
Binomial name
	†Zigongosaurus fuxiensis; Hou, Zhou, & Chao, 1976
Synonyms
	Mamenchisaurus fuxiensis Hou et al., 1976;

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Zigongosaurus (meaning "Zigong lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic-Late Jurassic-age Shaximiao Formation of Zigong, Sichuan, China. Because of incomplete knowledge of Jurassic Chinese sauropods, it has been hard to interpret, with some sources assigning it to Omeisaurus, some to Mamenchisaurus, and some to its own genus.

History and taxonomy

The genus was based on CV 02501,^[1] a specimen including a partial mandible, maxilla, and basioccipital (a bone from the braincase region). Additional bones from all areas of the skeleton, belonging to multiple individuals, were also described and assigned to the new genus. The authors thought it resembled Omeisaurus, but was distinct based on vertebral details.^[2] Early accounts in the popular press suggested it was a brachiosaurid.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Chinese sauropod taxonomy became increasingly convoluted in the 1980s. In 1983, Dong, Zhou, and Zhang named a species Omeisaurus fuxiensis, which they based on different material than Zigongosaurus fuxiensis, but then suggested that the two were the same animal.^[6] Following this, the genus was thought to belong to Omeisaurus,^[7] possibly as a synonym of O. junghsiensis.^[8] In the mid-1990s, opinion shifted, and the genus was instead assigned, by Zhang and Chen, to Mamenchisaurus. They noted that it came from a stratigraphic level between the usual Omeisaurus and Mamenchisaurus beds in age, but more closely resembled Mamenchisaurus. In particular, the neural spines of the vertebrae (the part of the vertebra that sticks up, over the passage for the spinal cord) in both genera have distinctive weak bifurcation, or splitting, that is not found in Omeisaurus. The authors renamed it Mamenchisaurus fuxiensis.^[9] This assignment was followed provisionally in the most recent major review of sauropods,^[10] but at least one author (Valérie Martin-Rolland) has found it to be a distinct genus.^[11]

Paleobiology

Whichever genus it turns out to be, as a mamenchisaur- or omeisaur-like sauropod it would have been a large, quadrupedal herbivore with a long neck.^[10] It is regarded as a medium- to large-sized sauropod,^[9] with a length of around 15 meters (50 feet).^[12]

References

^ Peng, G.Z.; Ye, Y.; Gao, Y.H.; Shu, C.K.; Jiang, S. (2005). "Jurassic dinosaur faunas in Zigong". Zigong Dinosaur Museum, Zigong.
^ Hou, L.-h.; Zhou, S.-w.; Chao, S.-c. (1976). "New discovery of sauropod dinosaurs from Sichuan". Vertebrata PalAsiatica (in Chinese). 14 (3): 160–165.
^ Glut, Donald F. (1982). The New Dinosaur Dictionary. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press. p. 263. ISBN 0-8065-0782-9.
^ Lambert, David; the Diagram Group (1983). A Field Guide to Dinosaurs. New York: Avon Books. p. 119. ISBN 0-380-83519-3.
^ Norman, David. B. (1985). "Camarasaurids & Brachiosaurids". The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs: An Original and Compelling Insight into Life in the Dinosaur Kingdom. New York: Crescent Books. pp. 86–91. ISBN 0-517-46890-5.
^ Zhiming, Dong; Zhou, S.; Zhang, H. (1983). "Dinosaurs from the Jurassic of Sichuan". Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C (in Chinese). 162 (33): 1–136.
^ Lambert, David; the Diagram Group (1990). The Dinosaur Data Book. New York: Avon Books. p. 105. ISBN 0-380-75896-2.
^ McIntosh, Jack S. (1990). "Sauropoda". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.). The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 345–401. ISBN 0-520-06727-4.
^ ^a ^b Zhang, Y.; Chen, W. (1996). "Preliminary research on the classification of sauropods from Sichuan Basin, China". In Morales, M. (ed.). The Continental Jurassic. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, 60. Museum of Northern Arizona. pp. 97–107.
^ ^a ^b Upchurch, Paul; Barrett, Paul M.; Dodson, Peter (2004). "Sauropoda". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 259–322. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
^ Martin-Rolland, Valérie (1999). "Les sauropodes chinois". Revue Paléobiologie, Genève (in French). 18 (1): 287–315.
^ Lessem, D. & Glut, D.F. (1993). "Omeisaurus". The Dinosaur Society Dinosaur Encyclopedia. Random House. pp. 329–330. ISBN 0-679-41770-2.

[1] Peng, G.Z.; Ye, Y.; Gao, Y.H.; Shu, C.K.; Jiang, S. (2005). "Jurassic dinosaur faunas in Zigong". Zigong Dinosaur Museum, Zigong.

[HCC76-2] Hou, L.-h.; Zhou, S.-w.; Chao, S.-c. (1976). "New discovery of sauropod dinosaurs from Sichuan". Vertebrata PalAsiatica (in Chinese). 14 (3): 160–165.

[DFG82-3] Glut, Donald F. (1982). The New Dinosaur Dictionary. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press. p. 263. ISBN 0-8065-0782-9.

[DL83-4] Lambert, David; the Diagram Group (1983). A Field Guide to Dinosaurs. New York: Avon Books. p. 119. ISBN 0-380-83519-3.

[DBN85-5] Norman, David. B. (1985). "Camarasaurids & Brachiosaurids". The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs: An Original and Compelling Insight into Life in the Dinosaur Kingdom. New York: Crescent Books. pp. 86–91. ISBN 0-517-46890-5.

[DZZ83-6] Zhiming, Dong; Zhou, S.; Zhang, H. (1983). "Dinosaurs from the Jurassic of Sichuan". Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C (in Chinese). 162 (33): 1–136.

[DL90-7] Lambert, David; the Diagram Group (1990). The Dinosaur Data Book. New York: Avon Books. p. 105. ISBN 0-380-75896-2.

[JMI90-8] McIntosh, Jack S. (1990). "Sauropoda". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.). The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 345–401. ISBN 0-520-06727-4.

[ZC96-9] Zhang, Y.; Chen, W. (1996). "Preliminary research on the classification of sauropods from Sichuan Basin, China". In Morales, M. (ed.). The Continental Jurassic. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, 60. Museum of Northern Arizona. pp. 97–107.

[UBD04-10] Upchurch, Paul; Barrett, Paul M.; Dodson, Peter (2004). "Sauropoda". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 259–322. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.

[VMR99-11] Martin-Rolland, Valérie (1999). "Les sauropodes chinois". Revue Paléobiologie, Genève (in French). 18 (1): 287–315.

[LG93-12] Lessem, D. & Glut, D.F. (1993). "Omeisaurus". The Dinosaur Society Dinosaur Encyclopedia. Random House. pp. 329–330. ISBN 0-679-41770-2.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Extinct genus of dinosaurs}}
-{{italic title}}{{speciesbox
+{{Distinguish|Zizhongosaurus}}
-| name = Zigongosaurus
+{{speciesbox
+| name = ''Zigongosaurus''
 | fossil_range = [[Middle Jurassic]]-[[Late Jurassic]]
 | genus = Zigongosaurus
-| parent_authority = Hou, Zhao, & Chao, 1976
+| parent_authority = Hou, Zhou, & Chao, [[1976 in paleontology|1976]]
 | species = fuxiensis
-| authority = Hou, Zhao, & Chao, 1976
+| authority = Hou, Zhou, & Chao, 1976
+| synonyms =
+*''[[Mamenchisaurus]] fuxiensis'' <small>Hou ''et al.'', 1976</small>
 }}
 '''''Zigongosaurus''''' (meaning "[[Zigong]] [[lizard]]") is a [[genus]] of [[sauropod]] [[dinosaur]] from the [[Middle Jurassic]]-[[Late Jurassic]]-age [[Shaximiao Formation]] of Zigong, [[Sichuan]], [[China]]. Because of incomplete knowledge of Jurassic Chinese sauropods, it has been hard to interpret, with some sources assigning it to ''[[Omeisaurus]]'', some to ''[[Mamenchisaurus]]'', and some to its own genus.
 ==History and taxonomy==
-The genus was [[holotype|based on]] CV 00261, a specimen including a partial [[mandible]], [[maxilla]], and basioccipital (a bone from the [[braincase]] region). Additional bones from all areas of the skeleton, belonging to multiple individuals, were also described and assigned to the new genus. The authors thought it resembled ''Omeisaurus'', but was distinct based on [[vertebra]]l details.<ref name=HCC76>{{cite journal |last=Hou |first=L.-h. |author2=S.-w. Zhou |author3= S.-c. Chao  |year=1976 |title=New discovery of sauropod dinosaurs from Sichuan |journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=160–165 |language=Chinese }}</ref> Early accounts in the popular press suggested it was a [[brachiosauridae|brachiosaurid]].<ref name=DFG82>{{cite book |last=Glut |first=Donald F. |title=The New Dinosaur Dictionary |year=1982 |publisher=Citadel Press |location=Secaucus, NJ |isbn=0-8065-0782-9 |page=263 }}</ref><ref name=DL83>{{cite book |last=Lambert |first=David |author2=the Diagram Group  |title=A Field Guide to Dinosaurs |year=1983 |publisher=Avon Books |location=New York |isbn=0-380-83519-3 |page=119}}</ref><ref name=DBN85>{{cite book |last=Norman |first=David. B. |authorlink=David B. Norman |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs: An Original and Compelling Insight into Life in the Dinosaur Kingdom |chapter=Camarasaurids & Brachiosaurids |year=1985 |publisher=Crescent Books |location=New York |pages=86–91 |isbn=0-517-46890-5 }}</ref>
+The genus was [[holotype|based on]] CV 02501,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Peng | first1 = G.Z. | last2 = Ye | first2 = Y. | last3 = Gao | first3 = Y.H. | last4 = Shu | first4 = C.K. | last5 = Jiang | first5 = S. | date = 2005 | title = Jurassic dinosaur faunas in Zigong | url = https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/11867570/jurassic-dinosaur-faunas-in-zigong- | journal = Zigong Dinosaur Museum, Zigong. }}</ref> a specimen including a partial [[mandible]], [[maxilla]], and basioccipital (a bone from the [[braincase]] region). Additional bones from all areas of the skeleton, belonging to multiple individuals, were also described and assigned to the new genus. The authors thought it resembled ''Omeisaurus'', but was distinct based on [[vertebra]]l details.<ref name=HCC76>{{cite journal | last1 = Hou | first1 = L.-h. | last2 = Zhou | first2 = S.-w. |last3= Chao  | first3 = S.-c. | year = 1976 | title = New discovery of sauropod dinosaurs from Sichuan | journal = Vertebrata PalAsiatica | volume = 14 | issue = 3 | pages = 160–165 | language = zh }}</ref> Early accounts in the popular press suggested it was a [[brachiosauridae|brachiosaurid]].<ref name=DFG82>{{cite book | last = Glut | first = Donald F. | title = The New Dinosaur Dictionary | year = 1982 | publisher = Citadel Press | location = Secaucus, NJ | isbn = 0-8065-0782-9 | page =263 |url = https://archive.org/details/newdinosaurdicti00glut/page/263 }}</ref><ref name=DL83>{{cite book | last = Lambert | first = David | author2 = the Diagram Group | title = A Field Guide to Dinosaurs | year = 1983 | publisher = Avon Books | location = New York | isbn = 0-380-83519-3 | page = 119 | url = https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetodino00lamb/page/119 }}</ref><ref name=DBN85>{{cite book | last = Norman | first = David. B. | author-link = David B. Norman | title = The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs: An Original and Compelling Insight into Life in the Dinosaur Kingdom | chapter = Camarasaurids & Brachiosaurids | year = 1985 | publisher = Crescent Books | location = New York | pages = 86–91 | isbn = 0-517-46890-5 }}</ref>
-Chinese sauropod taxonomy became increasingly convoluted in the 1980s.  In 1983, Dong, Zhou, and Zhang named a species ''Omeisaurus fuxiensis'', which they based on different material than ''Zigongosaurus fuxiensis'', but then suggested that the two were the same animal.<ref name=DZZ83>{{cite journal |last=Zhiming |first=Dong |authorlink=Dong Zhiming |author2=S. Zhou |author3= H. Zhang  |year=1983 |title=Dinosaurs from the Jurassic of Sichuan |journal=Palaeontologica Sinica, New Series C |volume=162 |issue=33 |pages=1–136 |language=Chinese}}</ref> Following this, the genus was thought to belong to ''Omeisaurus'',<ref name=DL90>{{cite book |last=Lambert |first=David |author2=the Diagram Group  |title=The Dinosaur Data Book |year=1990 |publisher=Avon Books |location=New York |isbn=0-380-75896-2 |page=105}}</ref> possibly as a [[synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] of ''O. junghsiensis''.<ref name=JMI90>{{cite book |last=McIntosh |first=Jack S. |editor=Weishampel, David B. |editor2=Dodson, Peter |editor3=Osmólska, Halszka |title=The Dinosauria |year=1990 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=0-520-06727-4 |pages=345–401 |chapter=Sauropoda}}</ref> In the mid-1990s, opinion shifted, and the genus was instead assigned, by Zhang and Chen, to ''Mamenchisaurus''. They noted that it came from a [[stratigraphy|stratigraphic level]] between the usual ''Omeisaurus'' and ''Mamenchisaurus'' [[stratum|beds]] in age, but more closely resembled ''Mamenchisaurus''.  In particular, the [[Spinous process|neural spines]] of the vertebrae (the part of the vertebra that sticks up, over the passage for the [[spinal cord]]) in both genera have distinctive weak bifurcation, or splitting, that is not found in ''Omeisaurus''.  The authors renamed it ''Mamenchisaurus fuxiensis''.<ref name=ZC96>{{cite book |last=Zhang |first=Y. |author2=W. Chen  |year=1996 |chapter=Preliminary research on the classification of sauropods from Sichuan Basin, China |editor=Morales, M. |title=The Continental Jurassic |series=Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, '''60''' |publisher=Museum of Northern Arizona |pages=97–107 }}</ref> This assignment was followed provisionally in the most recent major review of sauropods,<ref name=UBD04>{{cite book |last=Upchurch|first=Paul |author2=Barrett, Paul M. |author3=Dodson, Peter.  |editor=Weishampel, David B. |editor2=Dodson, Peter |editor3=Osmólska, Halszka |title=The Dinosauria |edition=2nd |year= 2004|publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=0-520-24209-2 |pages=259–322 |chapter=Sauropoda}}</ref> but at least one author (Valérie Martin-Rolland) has found it to be a distinct genus.<ref name=VMR99>{{cite journal |last=Martin-Rolland |first=Valérie |year=1999 |title=Les sauropodes chinois |journal=Revue Paléobiologie, Genève |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=287–315 |language=French }}</ref>
+Chinese sauropod taxonomy became increasingly convoluted in the 1980s.  In 1983, Dong, Zhou, and Zhang named a species ''Omeisaurus fuxiensis'', which they based on different material than ''Zigongosaurus fuxiensis'', but then suggested that the two were the same animal.<ref name=DZZ83>{{cite journal | last1 = Zhiming | first1 = Dong | author-link = Dong Zhiming | last2 = Zhou | first2 = S. | last3= Zhang | first3 = H. | year = 1983 | title = Dinosaurs from the Jurassic of Sichuan | journal = Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C | volume = 162 | issue = 33 | pages = 1–136 | language = zh}}</ref> Following this, the genus was thought to belong to ''Omeisaurus'',<ref name=DL90>{{cite book | last = Lambert | first = David | author2 =the Diagram Group | title = The Dinosaur Data Book | year = 1990 | publisher = Avon Books | location = New York | isbn = 0-380-75896-2 | page =105 | url = https://archive.org/details/dinosaurdatabook00lamb/page/105 }}</ref> possibly as a [[synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] of ''O. junghsiensis''.<ref name=JMI90>{{cite book | last = McIntosh | first = Jack S. | editor1-last = Weishampel | editor1-first = David B. | editor2-last = Dodson | editor2-first = Peter | editor3-last = Osmólska | editor3-first = Halszka | title = The Dinosauria | year = 1990 | publisher = University of California Press | location = Berkeley | isbn = 0-520-06727-4 | pages = 345–401 | chapter = Sauropoda }}</ref> In the mid-1990s, opinion shifted, and the genus was instead assigned, by Zhang and Chen, to ''Mamenchisaurus''. They noted that it came from a [[stratigraphy|stratigraphic level]] between the usual ''Omeisaurus'' and ''Mamenchisaurus'' [[stratum|beds]] in age, but more closely resembled ''Mamenchisaurus''.  In particular, the [[Spinous process|neural spines]] of the vertebrae (the part of the vertebra that sticks up, over the passage for the [[spinal cord]]) in both genera have distinctive weak bifurcation, or splitting, that is not found in ''Omeisaurus''.  The authors renamed it ''Mamenchisaurus fuxiensis''.<ref name=ZC96>{{cite book | last1 = Zhang | first1 = Y. | last2 = Chen | first2 = W. | year = 1996 | chapter = Preliminary research on the classification of sauropods from Sichuan Basin, China | editor-last = Morales | editor-first = M. | title = The Continental Jurassic | series = Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, '''60''' | publisher = Museum of Northern Arizona | pages = 97–107 }}</ref> This assignment was followed provisionally in the most recent major review of sauropods,<ref name=UBD04>{{cite book | last1 = Upchurch| first1 = Paul | last2 =Barrett | first2 = Paul M. | last3=Dodson | first3 = Peter | editor-last1 = Weishampel | editor-first1 = David B. | editor-last2 = Dodson | editor-first2 = Peter | editor-last3 = Osmólska | editor-first3 = Halszka  | title = The Dinosauria | url = https://archive.org/details/dinosauriandedit00weis | url-access = limited | edition = 2nd | year = 2004 | publisher = University of California Press | location = Berkeley | isbn = 0-520-24209-2 | pages = 259–322 | chapter = Sauropoda}}</ref> but at least one author (Valérie Martin-Rolland) has found it to be a distinct genus.<ref name=VMR99>{{cite journal |last = Martin-Rolland | first = Valérie | year = 1999 | title = Les sauropodes chinois | journal = Revue Paléobiologie, Genève | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 287–315 | language = fr }}</ref>
 ==Paleobiology==
-Whichever genus it turns out to be, as a mamenchisaur- or omeisaur-like sauropod it would have been a large, [[quadrupedal]] [[herbivore]] with a long neck.<ref name=UBD04/> It is regarded as a medium- to large-sized sauropod,<ref name=ZC96/> with a length of around 15&nbsp;meters (50&nbsp;feet).<ref name=LG93>{{cite book|title=The Dinosaur Society Dinosaur Encyclopedia|year=1993|chapter=''Omeisaurus''|author1=Lessem, D. |author2=Glut, D.F. |lastauthoramp=yes |pages=329–330|publisher=Random House, Inc.|isbn=0-679-41770-2}}</ref>
+Whichever genus it turns out to be, as a mamenchisaur- or omeisaur-like sauropod it would have been a large, [[quadrupedal]] [[herbivore]] with a long neck.<ref name=UBD04/> It is regarded as a medium- to large-sized sauropod,<ref name=ZC96/> with a length of around 15&nbsp;meters (50&nbsp;feet).<ref name=LG93>{{cite book|title=The Dinosaur Society Dinosaur Encyclopedia|year=1993|chapter=''Omeisaurus''|author1=Lessem, D.|author2=Glut, D.F.|name-list-style=amp|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dinosaursocietys00less/page/329 329–330]|publisher=Random House|isbn=0-679-41770-2|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/dinosaursocietys00less/page/329}}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 21: / Line 26: @@
 {{Portal|Dinosaurs}}
+{{Sauropodomorpha|B.}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q135036}}
-[[Category:Sauropods]]
+[[Category:Mamenchisaurids]]
-[[Category:Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia]]
+[[Category:Middle Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia]]
 [[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1976]]
+[[Category:Sauropods of Asia]]
+[[Category:Late Jurassic sauropods]]
+[[Category:Middle Jurassic sauropods]]
+[[Category:Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia]]
+[[Category:Dinosaurs of China]]
+[[Category:Jurassic China]]
+[[Category:Paleontology in Sichuan]]
+[[Category:Monotypic sauropod genera]]