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{{Short description|1968 British war film by Jack Cardiff}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2012}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2012}}
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
| name = Dark of the Sun
| name = Dark of the Sun
| image = Dotspos.jpg
| image = The Mercenaries 1968 poster.jpg
| caption = Original [[film poster]] by [[Frank McCarthy (artist)|Frank McCarthy]]
| caption = Original [[film poster]] by [[Frank McCarthy (artist)|Frank McCarthy]]
| director = [[Jack Cardiff]]
| director = [[Jack Cardiff]]
Line 13: Line 14:
| cinematography = [[Edward Scaife]]
| cinematography = [[Edward Scaife]]
| editing = Ernest Walter
| editing = Ernest Walter
| studio = Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
| studio = [[MGM-British Studios]]
| distributor = [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
| distributor = [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
| released = {{Film date|1968|7|3|df=y}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1968|2|8}} (UK)<br>{{Film date|1968|7|3}} (USA)
| runtime = 101 minutes
| runtime = 101 minutes
| country = United Kingdom<br>United States
| country = United Kingdom
| language = English
| language = English
| budget =
| budget =
| gross = $2 million (US/ Canada rentals)<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Big Rental Films of 1968|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=8 January 1969|page=15}}</ref>
| gross = $2,000,000 (US/ Canada)<ref>"Big Rental Films of 1968", ''Variety'', 8 January 1969 p 15. Please note this figure is a rental accruing to distributors.</ref><br>989,452 admissions (France)<ref>[http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com.au&sl=fr&u=http://www.boxofficestory.com/france-1968-c22750489/2&usg=ALkJrhhQejhhOtvnNu2twlJ5NtFIjEmu3g Top box office films in France in 1968] at Box Office Story</ref>
}}
}}
'''''Dark of the Sun''''' (also known as '''''The Mercenaries''''' in the UK) is a 1968 [[adventure film|adventure]] [[war film]] starring [[Rod Taylor]], [[Yvette Mimieux]], [[Jim Brown]], and [[Peter Carsten]]. The film, which was directed by [[Jack Cardiff]], is based on [[Wilbur Smith]]'s 1965 novel, ''The Dark of the Sun''. The story about a band of [[Mercenary|mercenaries]] sent on a dangerous mission during the [[Congo Crisis]] was adapted into a screenplay by [[Ranald MacDougall]]. Critics condemned the film on its original release for its graphic scenes of violence and torture.<ref name="CRT" />
'''''Dark of the Sun''''' (also known as '''''The Mercenaries''''' in the UK) is a 1968 British [[adventure film|adventure]] [[war film]] starring [[Rod Taylor]], [[Yvette Mimieux]], [[Jim Brown]], and [[Peter Carsten]]. The film, which was directed by [[Jack Cardiff]], is based on [[Wilbur Smith]]'s 1965 novel, ''The Dark of the Sun''. The story about a band of [[Mercenary|mercenaries]] sent on a dangerous mission during the [[Congo Crisis]] was adapted into a screenplay by [[Ranald MacDougall]]. Critics condemned the film on its original release for its graphic scenes of violence and torture.<ref name="CRT" />


==Plot==
==Plot==
In 1961, mercenary Bruce Curry is publicly hired by [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Congolese]] President Ubi to rescue European residents from an isolated mining town about to be attacked by rebel [[Simba rebellion|Simbas]]. However, his real mission is to retrieve $50 million of diamonds from a mine company's vault. Curry's subordinates include his black friend Ruffo and alcoholic Doctor Wreid. He also reluctantly recruits ex-Nazi Henlein because he needs his military expertise and leadership skills.
In 1964, mercenary Bruce Curry is publicly hired by [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Congolese]] President Ubi to rescue European residents from an isolated mining town about to be attacked by rebel [[Simba rebellion|Simbas]]. However, his real mission is to retrieve $50 million of diamonds from a mine company's vault. Curry's include his black friend Ruffo and alcoholic Doctor Wreid. He also reluctantly recruits ex-Nazi Henlein because he needs his military expertise and leadership skills.


Ubi gives Curry a steam train and Congolese government soldiers. However, as the mission is in violation of UN accords, the train is attacked and damaged by a [[United Nations]] peacekeeping plane. At a burned-out farmhouse, they pick up a traumatised woman named Claire, who watched her husband being hacked to death by Simbas. Meanwhile, Henlein begins to cause trouble because he knows about the diamonds and resents Curry's leadership. He casually kills two children for being possible Simba spies and starts making advances towards Claire. When interrupted by Curry, the German attacks Curry with a [[swagger stick]] and a chainsaw. Only Ruffo is able to stop Curry from killing Henlein.
Ubi gives Curry a steam train and Congolese government soldiers. However, as the mission is in violation of UN accords, the train is attacked and damaged by a [[United Nations]] peacekeeping plane. At a burned-out farmhouse, they pick up a traumatised woman named Claire, who watched her husband being hacked to death by Simbas. Meanwhile, Henlein begins to cause trouble because he knows about the diamonds and resents Curry's leadership. He casually kills two children for being possible Simba spies and starts making advances towards Claire. When interrupted by Curry, the German attacks Curry with a [[swagger stick]] and a chainsaw. Only Ruffo is able to stop Curry from killing Henlein.
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{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


† Taylor's fictional character is a light homage to Congo mercenary leader [[Mad Mike Hoare|"Mad" Mike Hoare]], who led the Congolese 5 Commando during the actual [[Simba rebellion]] and was a technical consultant on the film.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cinema and Unconventional Warfare in the Twentieth Century: Insurgency, Terrorism and Special Operations|first=Paul B.|last=Rich|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2018|isbn=9781350055711|pages=120–123}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Africa on Film: Beyond Black and White|first=Kenneth M.|last= Cameron|publisher=Continuum|year= 1994|isbn=9780826406583|page=148}}</ref>
† Taylor's fictional character is a light homage to Congo mercenary leader [[Mad Mike Hoare|"Mad" Mike Hoare]], who led the [[5 Commando (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|Congolese 5 Commando]] during the actual [[Simba rebellion]] and was a technical consultant on the film.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cinema and Unconventional Warfare in the Twentieth Century: Insurgency, Terrorism and Special Operations|first=Paul B.|last=Rich|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2018|isbn=9781350055711|pages=120–123}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Africa on Film: Beyond Black and White|first=Kenneth M.|last= Cameron|publisher=Continuum|year= 1994|isbn=9780826406583|page=148}}</ref>
<br>
<br>
‡ A real German mercenary named [[Siegfried Müller (mercenary)|Siegfried Müller]] fought in the Congo during the 1960s wearing an [[Iron Cross]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Modern Mercenary: Dog of War, Or Soldier of Honour?|first=Peter|last= Tickler|publisher=P. Stephens|year= 1987|isbn=9780850598124|pages=23–24}}</ref> In 1966, he was featured in the [[East Germany|East German]] documentary entitled ''[[Der lachende Mann – Bekenntnisse eines Mörders|Der lachende Mann]]'' ({{lang-en|italic=yes|The Laughing Man}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940934-2,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022220111/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940934-2,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 October 2012|title=The Congo: Moise's Black Magic|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]| date=19 February 1965}}</ref> In the English language version, Peter Carsten was dubbed by [[Paul Frees]].
‡ A real German mercenary named [[Siegfried Müller (mercenary)|Siegfried Müller]] fought in the Congo during the 1960s wearing an [[Iron Cross]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Modern Mercenary: Dog of War, Or Soldier of Honour?|first=Peter|last= Tickler|publisher=P. Stephens|year= 1987|isbn=9780850598124|pages=23–24}}</ref> In 1966, he was featured in the [[East Germany|East German]] documentary entitled ''[[Der lachende Mann – Bekenntnisse eines Mörders|Der lachende Mann]]'' ({{lang-en|italic=yes|The Laughing Man}}).<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940934-2,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022220111/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940934-2,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 October 2012|title=The Congo: Moise's Black Magic|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]| date=19 February 1965}}</ref> In the English language version, Peter Carsten's voice was dubbed by [[Paul Frees]].


==Novel==
==Novel==
{{Infobox book| <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] -->
{{Infobox book|<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] -->
| name = The Dark of the Sun
| name = The Dark of the Sun
| title_orig =
| title_orig =
| translator =
| translator =
| image = The Dark of the Sun bookcover.jpg
| image = The Dark of the Sun bookcover.jpg
| caption = Paperback edition
| caption = Paperback edition
| author = [[Wilbur Smith]]
| author = [[Wilbur Smith]]
| illustrator =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| cover_artist =
| country = [[South Africa]]
| country = [[South Africa]]
| language = English
| language = English
| genre = Thriller
| genre = Thriller
| publisher = [[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]]
| publisher = [[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]]
| release_date = 1 March 1965
| release_date = 1 March 1965
| english_release_date =
| english_release_date =
| media_type = Print, e-book
| media_type = Print, e-book
| isbn = 978-0434714001
| isbn = 978-0434714001
| preceded_by =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| followed_by =
}}
}}


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The conflict in ''Dark of the Sun'' juxtaposes the anti-colonial struggle in the province of [[State of Katanga|Katanga]] within the context of the [[Cold War]]. A [[United Nations peacekeeping|UN-peacekeeping operation]] was employed to protect civilians during this brutal secessionist war. Actual violence in the Congo resulted in the deaths of up to 100,000 people.<ref>[http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat4.htm#Crisis Twentieth Century Atlas - Death Tolls]</ref>
The conflict in ''Dark of the Sun'' juxtaposes the anti-colonial struggle in the province of [[State of Katanga|Katanga]] within the context of the [[Cold War]]. A [[United Nations peacekeeping|UN-peacekeeping operation]] was employed to protect civilians during this brutal secessionist war. Actual violence in the Congo resulted in the deaths of up to 100,000 people.<ref>[http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat4.htm#Crisis Twentieth Century Atlas - Death Tolls]</ref>

However while the film focuses on the Simba revolt, the novel concerns the earlier Baluba Rebellion.


Smith had just written his first published novel, ''[[When the Lion Feeds]]''. He decided to quit his job in the South African taxation office, calculating he had enough money in sales and unclaimed leave to not have to work for two years. "I hired a caravan, parked it in the mountains, and wrote the second book", he said. "I knew it was sort of a watershed. I was 30 years of age, single again, and I could take the chance."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article130550241 |title=FEATURES A golden life crafted from a troubled land. |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] |date=13 May 1995 |access-date=25 January 2015 |page=51 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
Smith had just written his first published novel, ''[[When the Lion Feeds]]''. He decided to quit his job in the South African taxation office, calculating he had enough money in sales and unclaimed leave to not have to work for two years. "I hired a caravan, parked it in the mountains, and wrote the second book", he said. "I knew it was sort of a watershed. I was 30 years of age, single again, and I could take the chance."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article130550241 |title=FEATURES A golden life crafted from a troubled land. |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] |date=13 May 1995 |access-date=25 January 2015 |page=51 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

The book was written in the [[Vumba Mountains]]. Smith put in many feelings about the ending of his first marriage into the character of Bruce Curry. Like Smith's first published novel ''Dark of the Sun'' was banned in South Africa.<ref>{{cite news|title=The storyteller from Africa|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=11 November 1976|page=7}}</ref>

''The Guardian'' called it "unpleasant, gritty."<ref>{{cite news|title=Books|newspaper=The Guardian|date=5 March 1965|page=8}}</ref>


==Production==
==Production==
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Rod Taylor signed on to make the film in September 1966 by which time the script had been rewritten by Adrian Spies.<ref>MOVIE CALL SHEET: Rod Taylor to Star in 'Sun'
Rod Taylor signed on to make the film in September 1966 by which time the script had been rewritten by Adrian Spies.<ref>MOVIE CALL SHEET: Rod Taylor to Star in 'Sun'
Martin, Betty. Los Angeles Times 24 Sep 1966: 23.</ref> In October, Jim Brown, who had just made ''The Dirty Dozen'' for MGM, signed to costar.<ref>MOVIE CALL SHEET: Righteous Bros. to Star
Martin, Betty. Los Angeles Times 24 Sep 1966: 23.</ref> In October, Jim Brown, who had just made ''The Dirty Dozen'' for MGM, signed to costar.<ref>MOVIE CALL SHEET: Righteous Bros. to Star
Martin, Betty. Los Angeles Times 8 October 1966: 22.</ref> Kenneth More, who only a few years earlier had been the biggest star in Britain, played a support role.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Filmink|first=Stephen|last=Vagg|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/surviving-cold-streaks-kenneth-more/|title=Surviving Cold Streaks: Kenneth More|date=16 April 2023}}</ref>
Martin, Betty. Los Angeles Times 8 October 1966: 22.</ref>


===Filming===
===Filming===
Filming started 16 January 1967. Most of the film was shot on location in [[Jamaica]] using the [[Railways of Jamaica|country's railway system]],<ref>{{cite book|pages=129–130|last= Horsford|first= Jim |title=THE RAILWAYS OF JAMAICA: Through The Blue Mountains to the Blue Caribbean Seas – A History of the Jamaica Government Railway|year= 2011 |publisher=Paul Catchpole Ltd}}</ref> this took advantage of a working steam train as well as safety and cost-effectiveness.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cardiff|first=Jack & Martin Scorsese|title=Magic Hour|publisher=Faber & Faber|year=1997}}</ref> The railway scenes were shot on the line between [[Frankfield railway station|Frankfield]] and [[Albany railway station, Jamaica|Albany railway station]] (where Henlein kills the two children).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rodtaylorsite.com/jamaicanrailways.shtml|title= Jamaican Railways (1993)|access-date=5 November 2020|website=rodtaylorsite.com}}</ref> The arrival scenes were filmed at Palisadoes Airport (now [[Norman Manley International Airport|Norman Manley International]]) while a private residence within the [[Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park|Blue Mountain range]] was dressed to look like an African mission station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rodtaylorblog.com/2020/05/04/snapshots-dark-of-the-sun/|title=Snapshots: Dark of the Sun|access-date=5 November 2020|website=rodtaylorblog.com}}</ref>
Filming started 16 January 1967. Most of the film was shot on location in [[Jamaica]] using the [[Railways of Jamaica|country's railway system]];<ref>{{cite book|pages=129–130|last= Horsford|first= Jim |title=THE RAILWAYS OF JAMAICA: Through The Blue Mountains to the Blue Caribbean Seas – A History of the Jamaica Government Railway|year= 2011 |publisher=Paul Catchpole Ltd}}</ref> this took advantage of a working steam train as well as safety and cost-effectiveness.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cardiff|first=Jack & Martin Scorsese|title=Magic Hour|publisher=Faber & Faber|year=1997}}</ref> The railway scenes were shot on the line between [[Frankfield railway station|Frankfield]] and [[Albany railway station, Jamaica|Albany railway station]] (where Henlein kills the two children).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rodtaylorsite.com/jamaicanrailways.shtml|title= Jamaican Railways (1993)|access-date=5 November 2020|website=rodtaylorsite.com}}</ref> The arrival scenes were filmed at Palisadoes Airport (now [[Norman Manley International Airport|Norman Manley International]]) while a private residence within the [[Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park|Blue Mountain range]] was dressed to look like an African mission station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rodtaylorblog.com/2020/05/04/snapshots-dark-of-the-sun/|title=Snapshots: Dark of the Sun|access-date=5 November 2020|website=rodtaylorblog.com|date=4 May 2020 }}</ref>


Interiors were completed at [[MGM British Studios]], Borehamwood near London. At the same time, MGM was filming [[Graham Greene]]'s ''[[The Comedians (1967 film)|The Comedians]]'' (1967) in Africa, though the original took place in the Caribbean.
Interiors were completed at [[MGM British Studios]], Borehamwood near London. At the same time, MGM was filming [[Graham Greene]]'s ''[[The Comedians (1967 film)|The Comedians]]'' (1967) in Africa, though the original took place in the Caribbean.
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===Cult===
===Cult===
[[Martin Scorsese]] and [[Quentin Tarantino]] are two of the film's fans. Scorsese calls the film one of his "guilty pleasures".<ref name="CRT" /> He elaborated:
[[Martin Scorsese]] and [[Quentin Tarantino]] are two of the film's fans. Scorsese calls the film one of his "guilty pleasures".<ref name="CRT" /> He elaborated:

<blockquote>This movie-Rod Taylor vs. the Mau Maus-was the most violent I'd seen up to that time. There's a scene where Taylor fights an ex-Nazi with chain saws. In another scene, a train full of refugees has finally escaped the Mau Maus in the valley below-and just as it's about to reach the top of a hill, the power fails, the train goes all the way back down, and the refugees are slaughtered. It's a truly sadistic movie, but it should be seen. I'd guess that because of its utter racism, a lot of people would have found it embarrassing, so they just ignored it. The sense of the film is overwhelmingly violent; there's no consideration for anything else. The answer to everything is "kill."<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Martin Scorsese's Guilty Pleasures|last=Scorsese|first= Martin|magazine= Film Comment|edition=14.5|date=September–October 1978|pages= 63–66}}</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>This movie—Rod Taylor vs. the Mau Maus—was the most violent I'd seen up to that time. There's a scene where Taylor fights an ex-Nazi with chain saws. In another scene, a train full of refugees has finally escaped the Mau Maus in the valley below—and just as it's about to reach the top of a hill, the power fails, the train goes all the way back down, and the refugees are slaughtered. It's a truly sadistic movie, but it should be seen. I'd guess that because of its utter racism, a lot of people would have found it embarrassing, so they just ignored it. The sense of the film is overwhelmingly violent; there's no consideration for anything else. The answer to everything is "kill".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Scorsese |first=Martin |date=September–October 1978 |title=Martin Scorsese's Guilty Pleasures |magazine=Film Comment |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=63–66}}</ref></blockquote>
⚫
The film was a particular influence on Tarantino, who used several tracks from the score for his movie ''[[Inglourious Basterds]]'', which features Rod Taylor in a guest role as [[Winston Churchill]].

⚫
The film was a particular influence on Tarantino, who used several tracks from the score for his movie ''[[Inglourious Basterds]]'', which also features other references such as Rod Taylor in a guest role as [[Winston Churchill]] and [[Mélanie Laurent]]'s character Shoshonna Dreyfus, who's Jewish, use an alias, Emmanuelle Mimieux; referring to Yvette Mimieux, to keep herself hidden from the [[Third Reich]].

''Filmink'' argued "it's easily one of the best films for Taylor, Brown, Mimieux and director Jack Cardiff."<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Filmink|first=Stephen|last=Vagg|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/the-cinema-of-wilbur-smith/|title=The Cinema of Wilbur Smith|date=January 27, 2022}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0062863}}
* {{IMDb title|0062863}}
* {{tcmdb title|3109}}
* {{TCMDb title|3109}}
* {{amg title|88704}}
* {{allMovie title|88704}}
* [http://www.rodtaylorsite.com/darkofthesun.shtml The Complete Rod Taylor Site]
* [http://www.rodtaylorsite.com/darkofthesun.shtml The Complete Rod Taylor Site]


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{{Wilbur Smith}}
{{Wilbur Smith}}


⚫
[[Category:1968 films]]
[[Category:1960s war adventure films]]
[[Category:1960s war adventure films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:1968 films]]
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[[Category:American films]]
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[[Category:American war adventure films]]
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[[Category:British films]]
⚫
[[Category:Films set in the 1960s]]
[[Category:British war adventure films]]
[[Category:British war adventure films]]
[[Category:Cold War films]]
[[Category:Cold War films]]
[[Category:Rail transport films]]
[[Category:1960s English-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jack Cardiff]]
[[Category:English-language war adventure films]]
[[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films]]
[[Category:Films based on South African novels]]
[[Category:Films based on South African novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jack Cardiff]]
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[[Category:Films set in 1964]]
[[Category:Films set in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Films set in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
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[[Category:Films shot in Jamaica]]
[[Category:Films set on trains]]
[[Category:Films set on trains]]
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[[Category:Films shot in Jamaica]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Ranald MacDougall]]
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[[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films]]
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[[Category:Rail transport films]]
[[Category:Films about mercenaries]]
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[[Category:Films shot at MGM-British Studios]]
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[[Category:1960s British films]]

Latest revision as of 21:36, 19 August 2024

Dark of the Sun
Original film poster by Frank McCarthy
Directed byJack Cardiff
Screenplay byRanald MacDougall (as Quentin Werty)
Adrien Spies
Based onThe Dark of the Sun
by Wilbur Smith
Produced byGeorge Englund
StarringRod Taylor
Yvette Mimieux
Jim Brown
Peter Carsten
CinematographyEdward Scaife
Edited byErnest Walter
Music byJacques Loussier
Production
company
Distributed byMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Release dates
  • 8 February 1968 (1968-02-08)
(UK)
  • July 3, 1968 (1968-07-03)
(USA)
Running time
101 minutes
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
Box office$2 million (US/ Canada rentals)[1]

Dark of the Sun (also known as The Mercenaries in the UK) is a 1968 British adventure war film starring Rod Taylor, Yvette Mimieux, Jim Brown, and Peter Carsten. The film, which was directed by Jack Cardiff, is based on Wilbur Smith's 1965 novel, The Dark of the Sun. The story about a band of mercenaries sent on a dangerous mission during the Congo Crisis was adapted into a screenplay by Ranald MacDougall. Critics condemned the film on its original release for its graphic scenes of violence and torture.[2]

Plot

[edit]

In 1964, mercenary Bruce Curry is publicly hired by Congolese President Ubi to rescue European residents from an isolated mining town about to be attacked by rebel Simbas. However, his real mission is to retrieve $50 million of diamonds from a mine company's vault. Curry's include his black friend Ruffo and alcoholic Doctor Wreid. He also reluctantly recruits ex-Nazi Henlein because he needs his military expertise and leadership skills.

Ubi gives Curry a steam train and Congolese government soldiers. However, as the mission is in violation of UN accords, the train is attacked and damaged by a United Nations peacekeeping plane. At a burned-out farmhouse, they pick up a traumatised woman named Claire, who watched her husband being hacked to death by Simbas. Meanwhile, Henlein begins to cause trouble because he knows about the diamonds and resents Curry's leadership. He casually kills two children for being possible Simba spies and starts making advances towards Claire. When interrupted by Curry, the German attacks Curry with a swagger stick and a chainsaw. Only Ruffo is able to stop Curry from killing Henlein.

Further complications arise when the mercenaries reach the mining town. First, the diamonds are in a time-locked vault delaying the train's departure. Second, Dr Wreid insists he cannot abandon a pregnant woman at a nearby mission hospital. Reluctantly, Curry agrees to let the doctor stay behind.

As Curry waits anxiously for the vault to open, the Simbas attack the town and the station. The train, loaded with the diamonds and residents, slowly departs under small arms fire. However, a mortar round destroys the coupling between the last two carriages. The last coach - carrying the diamonds and most of the Europeans - rolls back into the Simba-held town as the rest of the train steams away.

Curry and Ruffo set out to retrieve the diamonds during the night. Using a Simba disguise, Ruffo carries Curry's seemingly lifeless body into the town's hotel, where harrowing scenes depict murder, torture and male rape. A diversionary attack by surviving Congolese soldiers enables them to get the diamonds and escape in vehicles. When they run low on fuel, Curry leaves to find more. Henlein takes advantage of his absence to kill Ruffo in the mistaken belief that he has the diamonds. When Curry returns to find his friend dead, he pursues Henlein and kills him after a vicious fight. Back at the convoy, with his job done, Curry reflects on the type of man he is before turning himself in for a court-martial to answer for his actions.

Cast

[edit]

† Taylor's fictional character is a light homage to Congo mercenary leader "Mad" Mike Hoare, who led the Congolese 5 Commando during the actual Simba rebellion and was a technical consultant on the film.[3][4]
‡ A real German mercenary named Siegfried Müller fought in the Congo during the 1960s wearing an Iron Cross.[5] In 1966, he was featured in the East German documentary entitled Der lachende Mann (English: The Laughing Man).[6] In the English language version, Peter Carsten's voice was dubbed by Paul Frees.

Novel

[edit]
The Dark of the Sun
Paperback edition
AuthorWilbur Smith
LanguageEnglish
GenreThriller
PublisherHeinemann
Publication date
1 March 1965
Publication placeSouth Africa
Media typePrint, e-book
ISBN978-0434714001

The script is based on the second published novel by Wilbur Smith.[7][8] Both the book and the film are a fictional account of the Congo Crisis (1960–1966), when Joseph Mobutu seized power during the First Republic of the Congo after national independence from Belgium.

The conflict in Dark of the Sun juxtaposes the anti-colonial struggle in the province of Katanga within the context of the Cold War. A UN-peacekeeping operation was employed to protect civilians during this brutal secessionist war. Actual violence in the Congo resulted in the deaths of up to 100,000 people.[9]

However while the film focuses on the Simba revolt, the novel concerns the earlier Baluba Rebellion.

Smith had just written his first published novel, When the Lion Feeds. He decided to quit his job in the South African taxation office, calculating he had enough money in sales and unclaimed leave to not have to work for two years. "I hired a caravan, parked it in the mountains, and wrote the second book", he said. "I knew it was sort of a watershed. I was 30 years of age, single again, and I could take the chance."[10]

The book was written in the Vumba Mountains. Smith put in many feelings about the ending of his first marriage into the character of Bruce Curry. Like Smith's first published novel Dark of the Sun was banned in South Africa.[11]

The Guardian called it "unpleasant, gritty."[12]

Production

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Screenplay

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Although the novel is set against the Baluba rebellion in 1960, the film's screenplay is set during the Simba Rebellion of 1964–65, when mercenaries were recruited by the Congolese government to fight a leftist insurgency.[13]

In December 1964 Ranald MacDougall was working in the script.[14]

Rod Taylor claimed he rewrote a fair amount of the script himself, including helping devise a new ending.[15]

Casting

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Rod Taylor signed on to make the film in September 1966 by which time the script had been rewritten by Adrian Spies.[16] In October, Jim Brown, who had just made The Dirty Dozen for MGM, signed to costar.[17] Kenneth More, who only a few years earlier had been the biggest star in Britain, played a support role.[18]

Filming

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Filming started 16 January 1967. Most of the film was shot on location in Jamaica using the country's railway system;[19] this took advantage of a working steam train as well as safety and cost-effectiveness.[20] The railway scenes were shot on the line between Frankfield and Albany railway station (where Henlein kills the two children).[21] The arrival scenes were filmed at Palisadoes Airport (now Norman Manley International) while a private residence within the Blue Mountain range was dressed to look like an African mission station.[22]

Interiors were completed at MGM British Studios, Borehamwood near London. At the same time, MGM was filming Graham Greene's The Comedians (1967) in Africa, though the original took place in the Caribbean.

International versions

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In the German version, Curry was renamed Willy Krüger and was portrayed as a former Wehrmacht officer who had already clashed with Henlein during World War II because of the latter's fanatical Nazism. The German version is misleadingly entitled Katanga, implying the film takes place during the first Congo emergency in 1961–64, when mercenaries like Müller and 'Mad' Mike Hoare were involved.

The movie was released in France as Last Train from Katanga (French: Le dernier train du Katanga).

Soundtrack

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Jacques Loussier, a French jazz pianist wrote the film's memorable progressive score. It was initially released by MGM Records in 1968; a re-release with bonus tracks was made available in 2008.

All music is composed by Jacques Loussier

No.TitleLength
1."Main Theme From Dark of the Sun"3:10
2."Drive to Ubi"3:39
3."Dr. Wreid"1:01
4."The Mercenaries"2:36
5."Claire's First Appearance"3:44
6."Friendly Natives Having Fun Pt. 2"2:19
7."The Fight/Port Reprieve"3:39
8."Curry and the Diamonds Pt. 1"2:38
9."Claire and Curry"3:46
10."The Mission"1:37
11."The Simbas Attack/The Coach Rolls Back"4:51
12."Tracks Blown/Stakeout/Diamond"1:13
13."Infiltration"1:22
14."Curry and the Diamonds Pt. 2"0:44
15."The Doctor Is Found"3:45
16."Curry's Plan/Ruffo's Death"2:38
17."Curry's Drive With Claire"1:57
18."The Chase"1:17
19."Revenge"3:30
20."Curry Kills Henlein"2:10
21."Curry's Decision/End Title"3:23
22."Clare and Curry Alternate"3:50
23."Main Theme From Dark of the Sun"1:20
24."End Title Alternate"0:42
25."Natives Source"1:02
26."Friendly Natives Having Fun Pt. 1"2:13
27."Natives Source"1:50
Total length:67:03

Reception

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It was the 49th most popular movie of the year in France.[23]

The film was considered extremely violent for its time showing scenes of civilians being raped and tortured by Simbas. One contemporary reviewer was moved to comment that the director's main objective appeared to be to pack as much sadistic violence into the film's two hours as he could. On the subject of violence director Jack Cardiff commented: "Although it was a very violent story, the actual violence happening in the Congo at that time was much more than I could show in my film; in my research I encountered evidence so revolting I was nauseated. The critics complained of the violent content, but today it would hardly raise an eyebrow."[2]

Cult

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Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino are two of the film's fans. Scorsese calls the film one of his "guilty pleasures".[2] He elaborated:

This movie—Rod Taylor vs. the Mau Maus—was the most violent I'd seen up to that time. There's a scene where Taylor fights an ex-Nazi with chain saws. In another scene, a train full of refugees has finally escaped the Mau Maus in the valley below—and just as it's about to reach the top of a hill, the power fails, the train goes all the way back down, and the refugees are slaughtered. It's a truly sadistic movie, but it should be seen. I'd guess that because of its utter racism, a lot of people would have found it embarrassing, so they just ignored it. The sense of the film is overwhelmingly violent; there's no consideration for anything else. The answer to everything is "kill".[24]

The film was a particular influence on Tarantino, who used several tracks from the score for his movie Inglourious Basterds, which also features other references such as Rod Taylor in a guest role as Winston Churchill and Mélanie Laurent's character Shoshonna Dreyfus, who's Jewish, use an alias, Emmanuelle Mimieux; referring to Yvette Mimieux, to keep herself hidden from the Third Reich.

Filmink argued "it's easily one of the best films for Taylor, Brown, Mimieux and director Jack Cardiff."[25]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Big Rental Films of 1968". Variety. 8 January 1969. p. 15.
  2. ^ a b c "Dark of the Sun /'The Mercenaries (1968)". Photoplay (at rodtaylorsite.com). August 1967.
  3. ^ Rich, Paul B. (2018). Cinema and Unconventional Warfare in the Twentieth Century: Insurgency, Terrorism and Special Operations. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 120–123. ISBN 9781350055711.
  4. ^ Cameron, Kenneth M. (1994). Africa on Film: Beyond Black and White. Continuum. p. 148. ISBN 9780826406583.
  5. ^ Tickler, Peter (1987). The Modern Mercenary: Dog of War, Or Soldier of Honour?. P. Stephens. pp. 23–24. ISBN 9780850598124.
  6. ^ "The Congo: Moise's Black Magic". Time. 19 February 1965. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012.
  7. ^ The Dark of the Sun at Wilbur Smith's novels
  8. ^ Smith, Wilbur (15 May 1966). Chaos in the Congo. The Times of India (1861-current) [New Delhi, India]. p. 9.
  9. ^ Twentieth Century Atlas - Death Tolls
  10. ^ "FEATURES A golden life crafted from a troubled land". The Canberra Times. 13 May 1995. p. 51. Retrieved 25 January 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "The storyteller from Africa". The Sydney Morning Herald. 11 November 1976. p. 7.
  12. ^ "Books". The Guardian. 5 March 1965. p. 8.
  13. ^ Hoare, Mike (2008). Congo Mercenary. Paladin Press.
  14. ^ Filmland Events: Henry King to Film Story of Guadalupe, Los Angeles Times, 3 December 1964: D9.
  15. ^ Stephen Vagg, Rod Taylor: An Aussie in Hollywood, Bear Manor Media 2010, p. 131
  16. ^ MOVIE CALL SHEET: Rod Taylor to Star in 'Sun' Martin, Betty. Los Angeles Times 24 Sep 1966: 23.
  17. ^ MOVIE CALL SHEET: Righteous Bros. to Star Martin, Betty. Los Angeles Times 8 October 1966: 22.
  18. ^ Vagg, Stephen (16 April 2023). "Surviving Cold Streaks: Kenneth More". Filmink.
  19. ^ Horsford, Jim (2011). THE RAILWAYS OF JAMAICA: Through The Blue Mountains to the Blue Caribbean Seas – A History of the Jamaica Government Railway. Paul Catchpole Ltd. pp. 129–130.
  20. ^ Cardiff, Jack & Martin Scorsese (1997). Magic Hour. Faber & Faber.
  21. ^ "Jamaican Railways (1993)". rodtaylorsite.com. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  22. ^ "Snapshots: Dark of the Sun". rodtaylorblog.com. 4 May 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  23. ^ "French box office in 1968". Box Office Story.
  24. ^ Scorsese, Martin (September–October 1978). "Martin Scorsese's Guilty Pleasures". Film Comment. Vol. 14, no. 5. pp. 63–66.
  25. ^ Vagg, Stephen (27 January 2022). "The Cinema of Wilbur Smith". Filmink.
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