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Coordinates: 48°53′14″N 16°38′38″E / 48.88722°N 16.64389°E / 48.88722; 16.64389
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
: ''For information on the Dolní Věstonice archaeological site, please see [[Dolní Věstonice (archaeology)|Dolní Věstonice]]''.
{{For|the archaeological site within the municipality|Dolní Věstonice (archaeological site)}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Dolní Věstonice
{{Geobox|Settlement
| other_name =
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| settlement_type = [[Obec|Municipality]]
| name = Dolní Věstonice
<!-- images -->
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Dolní Věstonice 2007.jpg
| other_name =
| image_caption = View of Dolní Věstonice from [[Děvín]]
| category = Village
| image_flag = Vlajka obce Dolní Věstonice.gif
<!-- *** Names **** -->
| image_shield = Znak obce Dolní Věstonice.gif
| etymology =
<!-- location -->
| official_name =
| subdivision_type = Country
| motto =
| subdivision_name = {{CZE}}
| nickname =
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| subdivision_name1 = [[South Moravian Region|South Moravian]]
| image = Dolní Věstonice 2007.jpg
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| image_caption = Dolní Věstonice, 2007
| subdivision_name2 = [[Břeclav District|Břeclav]]
| image_size =
<!-- *** Symbols *** -->
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map =
| flag = Vlajka obce Dolní Věstonice.gif
| map_caption =
| symbol = Znak obce Dolní Věstonice.gif
| pushpin_map = Czech Republic
<!-- *** Country *** -->
| pushpin_relief = 1
| country = Czech Republic
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic
| country_flag = 1
| coordinates = {{coord|48|53|14|N|16|38|38|E|display=inline,title}}
| region = [[South Moravian Region|South Moravian]]
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region_type = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| district_type = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| leader_title =
| district = [[Břeclav District|Břeclav]]
| leader_name =
| municipality =
<!-- *** Family *** -->
<!-- established -->
| established_title = First mentioned
| part =
| established_date = 1312
| landmark =
<!-- area -->
| river =
| area_footnotes =
<!-- *** Locations *** -->
| area_total_km2 = 8.82
| location =
| elevation = 174
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes =
| prominence =
| lat_d = 48| lat_m = 53| lat_s = 14| lat_NS = N
| elevation_m = 174
<!-- population -->
| long_d = 16| long_m = 38| long_s = 38| long_EW = E
| population_as_of = 2024-01-01
| highest =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref>
| highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_state =
| population_total = 307
| highest_elevation =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| highest_lat_d = | highest_lat_m = | highest_lat_s = | highest_lat_NS =
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| highest_long_d = | highest_long_m = | highest_long_s = | highest_long_EW =
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| lowest =
| utc_offset1 = +1
| lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_state =
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| lowest_elevation =
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
| lowest_lat_d = | lowest_lat_m = | lowest_lat_s = | lowest_lat_NS =
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| lowest_long_d = | lowest_long_m = | lowest_long_s = | lowest_long_EW =
| postal_code_type = Postal code
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| postal_code = 691 29
| length = | length_orientation =
| area_code_type =
| width = | width_orientation =
| area_code =
| area = 8.76
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| area_land =
| website = {{URL|https://www.obecdolnivestonice.cz/}}
| area_water =
| footnotes =
| area_urban =
<!-- *** Population *** -->
| population = 322
| population_date = 2014
| population_urban =
| population_density = auto
| population_density_urban =
<!-- *** History & management *** -->
| established = 1312
| established_type = First Mentioned
| date =
| government =
| mayor =
<!-- *** Codes *** -->
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code = 691 29
| area_code =
| code =
<!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** -->
| whs_name =
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| whs_number =
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| whs_criteria =
| iucn_category =
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free = | free_type =
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map = Czechia - outline map.svg
| map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic
| map_background = Czechia - background map.png
| map_locator = Czechia
<!-- *** Websites *** -->
| commons =Dolní Věstonice
| statistics =
| website = http://www.obecdolnivestonice.cz
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Dolní Věstonice''' ({{lang-de|link=no|Unterwisternitz}}) is a small village in the [[South Moravian Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It is known for a series of [[ice age]] [[Dolní Věstonice (archaeology)|archaeological site]]s in the area. These sites were used by [[mammoth]] hunters, and finds include a triple burial and the [[Venus of Dolní Věstonice]].
'''Dolní Věstonice''' ({{lang-de|Unterwisternitz}}) is a municipality and village in [[Břeclav District]] in the [[South Moravian Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 300 inhabitants. It is known for the [[Dolní Věstonice (archaeological site)|eponymous archaeological site]].
Although prehistoric artifacts have been found in the area for some time, formal archaeological research started in 1924. The village became a target for tourists interested in archeology, wine, architecture or traditional costumes.


== History ==
==Geography==
Dolní Věstonice is located about {{convert|22|km}} northwest of [[Břeclav]] and {{convert|33|km|abbr=on}} south of [[Brno]]. It lies on the border between the [[Mikulov Highlands]] and [[Dyje–Svratka Valley]]. The highest point is at {{convert|316|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The village is situated on the shore of the [[Nové Mlýny reservoirs]]. The municipality is partly located in the [[Pálava Protected Landscape Area]]. The area of the reservoir is protected as the [[Věstonice Reservoir]] Nature Reserve.
A small fortress was built here during the [[Great Moravia]] period. The place is mentioned in written documents from 1312. During the 13th century the place became inhabited by German colonists. In 1460 it received city rights. From the beginning of the 16th century ''Habaners'' (''Habáni'', members of [[anabaptist]] sects expelled from German lands and Switzerland) settled here. They were expelled again in 1622.


==History==
Until 1918, the village was part of the [[Austrian monarchy]] (Austria side after the [[compromise of 1867]]), in the ''NIKOLSBURG'' district, one of the 34 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in [[Moravia]].<ref>Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm KLEIN, 1967</ref>


===Prehistoric times===
A post-office named ''UNTER-WISTERNITZ'' was opened in 1869.
[[File:Vestonicka venuse edit.jpg|thumb|120px|Venus of Dolní Věstonice]]
Dolní Věstonice is known for the [[Dolní Věstonice (archaeological site)|Dolní Věstonice archaeological site]]. Approximately 25,000 years ago, during the [[Upper Paleolithic]] period of the [[Stone Age]], a small settlement of [[mammoth]] hunters consisting of huts built with rocks and mammoth bones was founded on the site of what is now Dolní Věstonice. This is the oldest permanent human settlement that has ever been found.<ref>Stuart, Gene S. (1979). "Ice Age Hunters: Artists in Hidden Cages". Mysteries of the Ancient World. National Geographic Society. p. 19.</ref> Numerous other archaeological discoveries point to extensive human habitation of the area in prehistoric times. The archaeological site is also known for the finding of the [[Venus of Dolní Věstonice]], one of the most important archaeological discoveries in Europe and one of the oldest and most famous art in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prehistoric settlement near Dolní Věstonice and Pavlov|url=https://www.visitczechrepublic.com/en-US/451ae033-13f0-4f63-b948-7243e8175c3b/place/c-dolni-vestonice-and-pavlov-prehistoric-settlemen|publisher=CzechTourism|access-date=2021-11-29}}</ref>


===9th–20th century===
In 1938, it was occupied by the Nazi army as one of the [[municipalities in Sudetenland]]. The German speaking population was [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|expelled]] in 1945 (see the [[Beneš decrees]]) and replaced by Czech settlers.
During the [[Great Moravia]] period, which lasted between the 9th and 10th centuries, a small [[Slavs|Slavic]] [[gord (archaeology)|gord]] was built here. The gord protected a [[Ford (crossing)|ford]] on an important trade route.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=O obci Dolní Věstonice|url=https://www.obecdolnivestonice.cz/uvod/|publisher=Obec Dolní Věstonice|language=cs|access-date=2021-11-29}}</ref>


The first written mention of Věstonice is from 1312. During the 13th century the place became inhabited by German colonists. In 1460, the village was promoted to a [[Městys|market town]] by King [[George of Poděbrady]]. From the beginning of the 16th century until their expulsion in 1622, the [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]] settled here. They were famous for their high level of education and the establishment of wine cellars, which have survived to this day.<ref name=history/>
== Population development ==


In 1938, it was annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] and administered as part of the [[Reichsgau Niederdonau]]. The German speaking population was [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|expelled]] in 1945 according to the [[Beneš decrees]] and replaced by Czech settlers.
Before World War II the village was ethnically German speaking:


==Demographics==
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
{{historical populations
|- align="center" valign="top"
|align=none|cols=3
! Census year
|1869|779
! rowspan="2" | Population
|1880|752
! colspan="3" | Ethnicity of inhabitants
|1890|826
|- align="center" valign="top"
|1900|842
! year
|1910|771
! German
|1921|686
! Czechs
|1930|688
! other
|1950|412
|- align="center" valign="top"
|1961|450
| 1793
|1970|376
| 630
|1980|356
| –
|1991|334
| –
|2001|339
|
|2011|294
|- align="center" valign="top"
|2021|279
| 1836
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}
| 766
| –
| –
| –
|- align="center" valign="top"
| 1869
| 779
| –
| –
| –
|- align="center" valign="top"
| 1880
| 752
| 742
| 0
| 10
|- align="center" valign="top"
| 1890
| 826
| 812
| 1
| 13
|- align="center" valign="top"
| 1900
| 842
| 835
| 6
| 1
|- align="center" valign="top"
| 1910
| 771
| 768
| 3
| 0
|- align="center" valign="top"
| 1921
| 686
| 658
| 10
| 17
|- align="center" valign="top"
| 1930
| 688
| 642
| 36
| 10
|- align="center" valign="top"
| 1939
| 633
| –
| –
| –
|}<ref>Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984</ref>


== References ==
==Economy==
Dolní Věstonice is known for [[viticulture]]. The municipality lies in the [[Mikulovská wine]] subregion.
<references />

==Transport==
There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

==Sights==
[[File:Dolní Věstonice, náměstí.jpg|thumb|Centre of Dolní Věstonice with the Church of Saint Michael the Archangel]]
The main landmark of Dolní Věstonice is the Church of Saint Michael the Archangel. It is a Baroque building with a Gothic core and Renaissance tower.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kostel sv. Michala archanděla|url=https://pamatkovykatalog.cz/kostel-sv-michala-archandela-15609903|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2023-06-21}}</ref>

Tourist attractions follow the archaeological glory of the municipality. The archaeological site includes an outdoor exhibition. An educational archeological path leads from Dolní Věstonice to neighbouring [[Pavlov (Břeclav District)|Pavlov]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Archeostezka Pavlov – Naučná stezka z archeoparku v Pavlově do Dolních Věstonic|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/naucna-stezka-z-archeoparku-v-pavlove-do-dolnich-v|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2023-06-21}}</ref>

Remains of the gord rampart and floor plan of the church, which stood here until the early 13th century, are preserved.<ref name=history/>

==References==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Dolní Věstonice}}
* [http://www.obecdolnivestonice.cz/ Village website (in Czech)]
*{{official|https://www.obecdolnivestonice.cz/}}
* [http://www.donsmaps.com/dolni.html Photographs of the area and archaeological artefacts]
*[http://www.donsmaps.com/dolni.html Photographs of the area and archaeological artefacts]
* [[:de:Dolní Věstonice|Historie (de)]]


{{Břeclav District}}
{{Břeclav District}}

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Dolni Vestonice}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dolni Vestonice}}
[[Category:Villages in Břeclav District]]
[[Category:Villages in Břeclav District]]
[[Category:Stone Age Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Archaeology of Moravia]]
[[Category:Margraviate of Moravia]]

Latest revision as of 08:03, 10 September 2024

For the archaeological site within the municipality, see Dolní Věstonice (archaeological site).
Dolní Věstonice
Municipality
View of Dolní Věstonice from Děvín
View of Dolní Věstonice from Děvín
Flag of Dolní Věstonice
Flag
Coat of arms of Dolní Věstonice
Coat of arms
Dolní Věstonice is located in Czech Republic
Dolní Věstonice
Dolní Věstonice
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 48°53′14″N 16°38′38″E / 48.88722°N 16.64389°E / 48.88722; 16.64389
Country Czech Republic
RegionSouth Moravian
DistrictBřeclav
First mentioned1312
Area
 • Total8.82 km2 (3.41 sq mi)
Elevation
174 m (571 ft)
Population
 (2024-01-01)[1]
 • Total307
 • Density35/km2 (90/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
691 29
Websitewww.obecdolnivestonice.cz

Dolní Věstonice (‹See Tfd›German: Unterwisternitz) is a municipality and village in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. It is known for the eponymous archaeological site.

Geography

[edit]

Dolní Věstonice is located about 22 kilometres (14 mi) northwest of Břeclav and 33 km (21 mi) south of Brno. It lies on the border between the Mikulov Highlands and Dyje–Svratka Valley. The highest point is at 316 m (1,037 ft) above sea level. The village is situated on the shore of the Nové Mlýny reservoirs. The municipality is partly located in the Pálava Protected Landscape Area. The area of the reservoir is protected as the Věstonice Reservoir Nature Reserve.

History

[edit]

Prehistoric times

[edit]
Venus of Dolní Věstonice

Dolní Věstonice is known for the Dolní Věstonice archaeological site. Approximately 25,000 years ago, during the Upper Paleolithic period of the Stone Age, a small settlement of mammoth hunters consisting of huts built with rocks and mammoth bones was founded on the site of what is now Dolní Věstonice. This is the oldest permanent human settlement that has ever been found.[2] Numerous other archaeological discoveries point to extensive human habitation of the area in prehistoric times. The archaeological site is also known for the finding of the Venus of Dolní Věstonice, one of the most important archaeological discoveries in Europe and one of the oldest and most famous art in the world.[3]

9th–20th century

[edit]

During the Great Moravia period, which lasted between the 9th and 10th centuries, a small Slavic gord was built here. The gord protected a ford on an important trade route.[4]

The first written mention of Věstonice is from 1312. During the 13th century the place became inhabited by German colonists. In 1460, the village was promoted to a market town by King George of Poděbrady. From the beginning of the 16th century until their expulsion in 1622, the Anabaptists settled here. They were famous for their high level of education and the establishment of wine cellars, which have survived to this day.[4]

In 1938, it was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau. The German speaking population was expelled in 1945 according to the Beneš decrees and replaced by Czech settlers.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1869779—    
1880752−3.5%
1890826+9.8%
1900842+1.9%
1910771−8.4%
YearPop.±%
1921686−11.0%
1930688+0.3%
1950412−40.1%
1961450+9.2%
1970376−16.4%
YearPop.±%
1980356−5.3%
1991334−6.2%
2001339+1.5%
2011294−13.3%
2021279−5.1%
Source: Censuses[5][6]

Economy

[edit]

Dolní Věstonice is known for viticulture. The municipality lies in the Mikulovská wine subregion.

Transport

[edit]

There are no railways or major roads passing through the municipality.

Sights

[edit]
Centre of Dolní Věstonice with the Church of Saint Michael the Archangel

The main landmark of Dolní Věstonice is the Church of Saint Michael the Archangel. It is a Baroque building with a Gothic core and Renaissance tower.[7]

Tourist attractions follow the archaeological glory of the municipality. The archaeological site includes an outdoor exhibition. An educational archeological path leads from Dolní Věstonice to neighbouring Pavlov.[8]

Remains of the gord rampart and floor plan of the church, which stood here until the early 13th century, are preserved.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 17 May 2024.
  2. ^ Stuart, Gene S. (1979). "Ice Age Hunters: Artists in Hidden Cages". Mysteries of the Ancient World. National Geographic Society. p. 19.
  3. ^ "Prehistoric settlement near Dolní Věstonice and Pavlov". CzechTourism. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  4. ^ a b c "O obci Dolní Věstonice" (in Czech). Obec Dolní Věstonice. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  5. ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 21 December 2015.
  6. ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 27 March 2021.
  7. ^ "Kostel sv. Michala archanděla" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  8. ^ "Archeostezka Pavlov – Naučná stezka z archeoparku v Pavlově do Dolních Věstonic" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
[edit]
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