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==Meaning==
==Meaning==
"Chowdhury" is a term adapted from the [[Sanskrit]] words ''čatus'' "four-way, all-round" and ''dhurīya'' "undertaking a burden", denoting the head of a community or caste.<ref name="Hanks" >{{Citation |last=Hanks |first=Patrick |title=Chowdhury |date=2016-11-17 |work=The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199677764.001.0001/acref-9780199677764-e-07692 |access-date= |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199677764.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-967776-4 |oclc=946461144 |last2=Coates |first2=Richard |last3=McClure |first3=Peter |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
"Chowdhury" is a term adapted from the [[Sanskrit]] words ''čatus'' "four-way, all-round" and ''dhurīya'' "undertaking a burden", denoting the head of a community or caste.<ref name="Hanks" >{{cite encyclopedia |last=Hanks |first=Patrick |title=Chowdhury |date=17 November 2016|encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199677764.001.0001/acref-9780199677764-e-07692 |access-date= |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199677764.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-967776-4 |oclc= |last2=Coates |first2=Richard |last3=McClure |first3=Peter |url-access=subscription}}</ref>


==Significance==
==Significance==
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* [[Anwarul Kabir Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Anwarul Kabir Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Anwarul Karim Chowdhury]] (born 1943), former UN Under Secretary General
* [[Anwarul Karim Chowdhury]] (born 1943), former UN Under Secretary General
* [[Ariful Haque Choudhury]] (born 1959), former Mayor of [[Sylhet]]
* [[Ariful Haque Choudhury]] (born 1959), former mayor of [[Sylhet]]
* [[Ayesha Bedora Choudhury]] (1935–1971), doctor
* [[Ayesha Bedora Choudhury]] (1935–1971), doctor
* [[Azizul Haque Choudhury]], politician
* [[Azizul Haque Choudhury]], politician
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* [[Mafiz Ali Chowdhury]] (1919–1994), former Minister of Natural Wealth, Science and Technology Research and Atomic Energy
* [[Mafiz Ali Chowdhury]] (1919–1994), former Minister of Natural Wealth, Science and Technology Research and Atomic Energy
* [[Mahbub Kabir Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Mahbub Kabir Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Mahmudul Islam Chowdhury]] (born 1950), former Mayor of Chittagong
* [[Mahmudul Islam Chowdhury]] (born 1950), former mayor of Chittagong
* [[Mahmudul Karim Chowdhury]] (1938–2005), president of Bangladesh Fisherman's Society
* [[Mahmudul Karim Chowdhury]] (1938–2005), president of Bangladesh Fisherman's Society
* [[Mahmud Us Samad Chowdhury]], former [[Member of parliament#Bangladesh|MP]] for [[Sylhet-3]]
* [[Mahmud Us Samad Chowdhury]], former [[Member of parliament#Bangladesh|MP]] for [[Sylhet-3]]
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* [[Salman Shah (actor)|Chowdhury Muhammad Shahriar Emon]], actor better known as Salman Shah
* [[Salman Shah (actor)|Chowdhury Muhammad Shahriar Emon]], actor better known as Salman Shah
* [[Samarjit Roy Chowdhury]], painter
* [[Samarjit Roy Chowdhury]], painter
* [[SBM Mizanur Rahman|SBM Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury]] (died 1971), civil servant and freedom fighter
* [[Serajul Islam Choudhury]] (born 1936), literary critic and essayist
* [[Serajul Islam Choudhury]] (born 1936), literary critic and essayist
* [[Serajunnessa Choudhury]] (1910–1974), politician and businesswoman
* [[Serajunnessa Choudhury]] (1910–1974), politician and businesswoman
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* [[Shamsul Haque Chowdhury]] (born 1957), general secretary of [[Chittagong Abahani Limited]]
* [[Shamsul Haque Chowdhury]] (born 1957), general secretary of [[Chittagong Abahani Limited]]
* [[Shamsul Huda Chaudhury]] (1920–2000), third Speaker of the Bangladesh National Parliament
* [[Shamsul Huda Chaudhury]] (1920–2000), third Speaker of the Bangladesh National Parliament
* [[Shankar Gobind Chowdhury]] (1926–1995), former Governor of Natore
* [[Shankar Gobind Chowdhury]] (1926–1995), former governor of Natore
* [[Shawkat Chowdhury]] (born 1963), politician
* [[Shawkat Chowdhury]] (born 1963), politician
* [[Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury]] (born 1966), Speaker of the Bangladesh National Parliament
* [[Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury]] (born 1966), Speaker of the Bangladesh National Parliament
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** [[Abdul Munim Choudhury]], former MLA of [[Karimganj South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karimganj South]]
** [[Abdul Munim Choudhury]], former MLA of [[Karimganj South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karimganj South]]


=== Uttar Pradesh ===
==== Uttar Pradesh ====


* [[Rahul Chaudhari]], Indian kabaddi player
* [[Rahul Chaudhari]], Indian kabaddi player
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**[[Arsalan Iftikhar Chaudhry]] (born 1976), medical doctor
**[[Arsalan Iftikhar Chaudhry]] (born 1976), medical doctor
*Chaudhry family of Sain De Khuie, Faisalabad
*Chaudhry family of Sain De Khuie, Faisalabad
**[[Chaudhry Mohammad Sarwar]] (born 1950), former Governor of Punjab
**[[Chaudhry Mohammad Sarwar]] (born 1950), former governor of Punjab
**[[Anas Sarwar|Chaudhry Anas Sarwar]] (born 1983), leader of the Scottish Labour Party
**[[Anas Sarwar|Chaudhry Anas Sarwar]] (born 1983), leader of the Scottish Labour Party
*Sahi Chaudhry family
*Sahi Chaudhry family

Latest revision as of 05:25, 11 September 2024

Chowdhury
Pronunciationchow-dhuree
chaw-dree
chow-dree
Origin
MeaningHolder of four; four-way duties; four responsibilities
Region of originIndian subcontinent
Other names
Variant form(s)Chaudhary, Chaudri, Choudhary, Chaudhry, Chowdary, Chowdhry, Chowdhary, Chaudry, Choudary, Choudhry, Chaudhuri, Chaudhari, Chudhry, Choudhari, Choudhury, Chowdhuri, Chowduri, Chaudhurani, Choudhurani, Chowdhurani, Chowdhrani, Choudhrani, Chaudhrani.

Chowdhury is a title of honour, usually hereditary, originating from the Indian subcontinent.[1] It is an adaption from Sanskrit. During the Mughal rule, it was a title awarded to eminent people, while during British rule, the term was associated with zamindars and social leaders. The common female equivalent was Chowdhurani.[2]

Meaning

"Chowdhury" is a term adapted from the Sanskrit words čatus "four-way, all-round" and dhurīya "undertaking a burden", denoting the head of a community or caste.[1]

Significance

It was a title awarded to persons of eminence, including both Muslims and Hindus, during the Mughal Empire. It was also used as a title by military commanders responsible for four separate forces, including the cavalry, navy, infantry and elephant corps.[1] These people belonged to the zamindar families in British India.[3][verification needed] Many landlords under the Permanent Settlement carried this surname.[citation needed] Land reforms after the partition of India abolished the permanent settlement.[citation needed] In modern times, the term is a common South Asian surname for both males and females.[citation needed]

Regional

In the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the titular Rajas of the Bohmong Circle and Mong Circle have the surname Chowdhury.[4][5][6][7]

The Bengali Muslim Mirashdars[note 1] living in the former Kachari Kingdom were given titles by the Kachari Raja, which in modern-day acts as a surname for them.[9]

In Bihar, the Pasi are also known as the Chaudhary, a community traditionally connected with toddy tapping.[10]

In Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Chaudhary surname is mainly used by Jat community while some other caste also using it are Gurjars, Ahirs, etc. This surname is popular in North India and it conveys honour and strength.[11][12] It is typically used as a prefix before the given name, often represented by the prefix 'Ch' such as Ch. Charan Singh, 5th prime minister of India and Ch. Devi Lal, 6th deputy prime minister of India.

Many Prajapati Kumhars also use surname as Chaudhary. They use prefix 'Ch' before the given name.[13]

Deshastha Brahmins and Kammas from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana who got this as a title during Qutb Shahis of Golconda and Nizams of Hyderabad also use Chowdhari or Chowdhury as their surnames.[14][15][16]

Alternate spellings

Its alternate spellings include: Chaudhary, Chaudri, Chaudhri, Choudhary, Chaudhry, Chowdary, Chowdhary, Chaudry, Choudary, Choudhry, Chaudhuri, Chaudhari, Chudhry, Choudhari, Choudhury, Chowdhuri and Chowdury.[1] The female equivalent is Chaudhurani and alternate spellings include: Choudhurani, Chowdhurani, Chowdhrani, Choudhrani, Chaudhrani.

Notable people

Bangladesh

Faizunnesa Choudhurani
Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali
Abdul Hamid Chowdhury
Dr. Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury
Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury
Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury
Abu Sayeed Chowdhury
Husam Uddin Chowdhury Fultali

India

Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri


Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

Assam

Moinul Hoque Choudhury

Uttar Pradesh


West Bengal

Nepal

Fiji

Pakistan

Choudhry Rahmat Ali

United Kingdom

United States

Chaudhurani

Fictional characters

Notes

  1. ^ Mirashdar is a term referring to a landowner who pays taxes directly to the government.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (17 November 2016). "Chowdhury". The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677764.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-967776-4.
  2. ^ Karim, Elita (1 August 2008). "A Dedicated Educationist". History. Star Weekend Magazine. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  3. ^ The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Volume 51. Anthropology Survey of India. 2002. p. 204.
  4. ^ "InsideStoryEventsMaster - Raj Punyah Ceremony Held Both in Bandarban..." ext.bd.undp.org.
  5. ^ "Saching Prue new Mong King". The Daily Star. 18 January 2009.
  6. ^ "Feature: 'Kingdom' system in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts still in force". people.cn. 15 December 2008. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  7. ^ "UNPO: Chittagong Hill Tracts: Stalemate For Land Commission". unpo.org.
  8. ^ Laskar, Nitish Ranjan (1985). Mahishya Das of Cachar and their Social Background. Proceedings of North East India History Association. North East India History Association. p. 456.
  9. ^ E M Lewis (1868). "Cachar District: Statement No. XVIII: Glossary of Local Terms". Principal Heads of the History and Statistics of the Dacca Division. Calcutta: Calcutta Central Press Company. pp. 406–408.
  10. ^ People of India Bihar Volume XVI Part Two edited by S Gopal & Hetukar Jha pages 759 to 765 Seagull Books
  11. ^ "Surname Choudhary: Meaning Origin Variants". www.igenea.com. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  12. ^ Bhindar, Imran (2018). FROM SIALKOT TO VANCOUVER. Lulu Chaudhary. p. 28. ISBN 9781642547917.
  13. ^ Bhartiya, Ranjeet (2 October 2021). "अलग-अलग राज्यों में कुम्हार जाति उपजातियां और समुदाय के बारे में विवरण". Jankari Today. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  14. ^ Gaikwad, V. R.; Tripathy, Ram Niranjan (1970). Socio-psychological Factors Influencing Industrial Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas: A Case Study in Tanuku Region of West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh. National Institute of Community Development. p. 33.
  15. ^ Coenraad M. Brand (1973). State and Society: A Reader in Comparative Political Sociology. University of California Press. p. 112. ISBN 9780520024908.
  16. ^ "Revealing the missing links". Hans India. 24 July 2016.
  17. ^ Ahuja, M. L. (2000). Handbook of General Elections and Electoral Reforms in India, 1952-1999. Mittal Publications. pp. 302, 340. ISBN 9788170997665.
  18. ^ Abbasi, Talha. "Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan". Pakistani Leaders Online. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  19. ^ Hossain, Anowar (2003). Muslim women's struggle for freedom in colonial Bengal: (1873-1940). Progressive Publishers. p. 266. ISBN 9788180640308.
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