Peace of Nikolsburg: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Peace treaty signed on 31 December 1621}} |
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| ⚫ | The '''Peace of Nikolsburg''' or '''Peace of Mikulov''' |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}} |
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| ⚫ | The '''Peace of Nikolsburg''' or '''Peace of Mikulov''', signed on 31 December 1621 in Nikolsburg, [[Moravia]] (now [[Mikulov]] in the [[Czech Republic]]), was the treaty which ended the war between Prince [[Gabriel Bethlen]] of [[Transylvania]] and Emperor [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. The chief negotiators of the treaty were [[Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff]] and [[Nikolaus Esterházy de Galántha]].<ref>{{Cite NDB|26|376|378|Trauttmansdorff, Maximilian Graf von|Kampmann, Christoph|115775854|ref=CITEREFKampmann2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite EB1911 |first=Robert Nisbet |last=Bain |wstitle=Esterházy of Galántha |volume=9 |page=794 |short=x}}</ref> |
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==History== |
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To take advantage of Ferdinand's preoccupation with the [[Bohemian Revolt]] at the beginning of the [[Thirty Years' War]], Bethlen invaded [[Habsburg]]-controlled [[Royal Hungary]] in 1618 and fully conquered its north until 1620.<ref>{{cite EB1911 |first=Robert Nisbet |last=Bain |wstitle=Bethlen, Gabriel |volume=3 |pages=829–830 |short=x}} |
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| ⚫ | </ref> Although a peace was settled in January 1620 giving Bethlen 13 counties in eastern Royal Hungary, the prince resumed the war in September. Ferdinand's defeat of the Bohemians at the [[Battle of White Mountain]] in November allowed him to focus his forces on Bethlen, and the emperor was able to reconquer most of Royal Hungary by 1621. Because Bethlen did not distribute the confiscated property of Catholic noblemen to his [[Protestantism|Protestant]] noblemen as he had promised, they rescinded their support. These setbacks, as well as Bethlen's lack of support from the [[Ottoman Empire]], led Bethlen and Ferdinand to seek terms in Nikolsburg. |
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In return for Bethlen's renunciation of any claims to the throne of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], Ferdinand agreed to observe the conditions of the [[Treaty of Vienna (1606)|Treaty of Vienna |
In return for Bethlen's renunciation of any claims to the throne of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], Ferdinand agreed to observe the conditions of the [[Treaty of Vienna (1606)|Treaty of Vienna of 1606]], which had granted full freedom of worship to Protestants in [[Transylvania]] and agreed on the summoning of a general [[diet (assembly)|diet]] within six months. In addition, Bethlen secured the (purely formal) title of "Imperial Prince" (of Transylvania), seven counties around the Upper [[Tisza River]] (in present-day Slovakia, [[Ukraine]], Hungary, and [[Romania]]), the fortresses of [[Tokaj]], [[Munkács]], and [[Nagyecsed|Ecsed]], and a duchy in [[Silesia]]. The treaty gave Ferdinand peace in the east and allowed him to focus his forces on subduing the Rhenish [[Palatinate-Neuburg|Palatinate]]. |
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The Peace of Nikolsburg was confirmed by the [[Treaty of Vienna (1624)|Treaty of Vienna]] in 1624 and the [[Peace of Pressburg|Third Peace of Pressburg]] in 1626. |
The Peace of Nikolsburg was confirmed by the [[Treaty of Vienna (1624)|Treaty of Vienna]] in 1624 and the [[Peace of Pressburg (1626)|Third Peace of Pressburg]] in 1626. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Thirty Years' War]] |
* [[Thirty Years' War]] |
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* [[Transylvania]] |
* [[Transylvania]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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*{{cite EB1911 |first=Robert Nisbet |last=Bain |wstitle=Bethlen, Gabriel |volume=3 |pages=829–830 |short=x}} |
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* [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Gabriel_Bethlen 1911 Encyclopedia - Gabriel Bethlen] |
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*{{cite EB1911 |first=Robert Nisbet |last=Bain |wstitle=Esterházy of Galántha |volume=9 |page=794 |short=x}} |
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* [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Esterhazy_of_Galantha 1911 Encyclopedia - Esterhazy of Galantha] |
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{{Treaties of Hungary}} |
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{{Thirty Years' War treaties}} |
{{Thirty Years' War treaties}} |
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[[Category:Mikulov]] |
[[Category:Mikulov]] |
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[[Category:Peace treaties|Nikolsburg, Peace of]] |
[[Category:Peace treaties|Nikolsburg, Peace of]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Slovakia under Habsburg rule]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Military history of the Habsburg monarchy]] |
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[[Category:Treaties of the Holy Roman Empire]] |
[[Category:Treaties of the Holy Roman Empire]] |
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[[Category:17th-century treaties]] |
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[[Category:1621 treaties]] |
[[Category:1621 treaties]] |
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[[Category:Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1918)]] |
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[[de:Frieden von Nikolsburg]] |
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[[Category:1621 in the Holy Roman Empire]] |
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[[it:Pace di Nikolsburg]] |
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[[Category:1621 in Transylvania]] |
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[[hu:Nikolsburgi béke]] |
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[[Category:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:06, 11 September 2024
The Peace of Nikolsburg or Peace of Mikulov, signed on 31 December 1621 in Nikolsburg, Moravia (now Mikulov in the Czech Republic), was the treaty which ended the war between Prince Gabriel Bethlen of Transylvania and Emperor Ferdinand II of the Holy Roman Empire. The chief negotiators of the treaty were Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff and Nikolaus Esterházy de Galántha.[1][2]
History
[edit]To take advantage of Ferdinand's preoccupation with the Bohemian Revolt at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War, Bethlen invaded Habsburg-controlled Royal Hungary in 1618 and fully conquered its north until 1620.[3] Although a peace was settled in January 1620 giving Bethlen 13 counties in eastern Royal Hungary, the prince resumed the war in September. Ferdinand's defeat of the Bohemians at the Battle of White Mountain in November allowed him to focus his forces on Bethlen, and the emperor was able to reconquer most of Royal Hungary by 1621. Because Bethlen did not distribute the confiscated property of Catholic noblemen to his Protestant noblemen as he had promised, they rescinded their support. These setbacks, as well as Bethlen's lack of support from the Ottoman Empire, led Bethlen and Ferdinand to seek terms in Nikolsburg.
In return for Bethlen's renunciation of any claims to the throne of the Kingdom of Hungary, Ferdinand agreed to observe the conditions of the Treaty of Vienna of 1606, which had granted full freedom of worship to Protestants in Transylvania and agreed on the summoning of a general diet within six months. In addition, Bethlen secured the (purely formal) title of "Imperial Prince" (of Transylvania), seven counties around the Upper Tisza River (in present-day Slovakia, Ukraine, Hungary, and Romania), the fortresses of Tokaj, Munkács, and Ecsed, and a duchy in Silesia. The treaty gave Ferdinand peace in the east and allowed him to focus his forces on subduing the Rhenish Palatinate.
The Peace of Nikolsburg was confirmed by the Treaty of Vienna in 1624 and the Third Peace of Pressburg in 1626.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Kampmann, Christoph (2016), "Trauttmansdorff, Maximilian Graf von", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 26, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 376–378; (full text online)
- ^ Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). p. 794.
- ^ Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 829–830.
External links
[edit]- Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 829–830.
- Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). p. 794.