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{{Short description|Romanian statesman and author}}
{{Distinguish|Dimitri Sturdza}}
[[Image:Sturdza.jpg|thumb|200px|Dimitrie Sturdza]]
[[Image:Sturdza.jpg|thumb|200px|Dimitrie Sturdza]]
'''Dimitrie Sturdza''' ({{IPA-ro|diˈmitri.e ˈsturza|-|Ro-Dimitrie Sturdza.ogg}}, in full '''Dimitrie Alexandru Sturdza-Miclăușanu'''; 10 March 1833 – 21 October 1914) was a [[Romania]]n statesman and author of the late 19th century, and president of the [[Romanian Academy]] between 1882 and 1884.
'''Prince Dimitrie Sturdza''' ({{IPA|ro|diˈmitri.e ˈsturza|-|Ro-Dimitrie Sturdza.ogg}}, in full '''Prince Dimitrie Alexandru Sturdza-Miclăușanu'''; 10 March 1833{{snd}}21 October 1914) was a [[Romania]]n statesman and author of the late 19th century, and president of the [[Romanian Academy]] between 1882 and 1884. He is an aristocrat and member of the [[Sturdza family|House of Sturdza]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
Born in [[Iași]], [[Principality of Moldavia|Moldavia]], and was educated there at the ''[[Academia Mihăileană]]''. He continued his studies in [[German Confederation|Germany]] at [[Munich]], [[Göttingen]], [[Bonn]], and [[Berlin]].<ref name=nie>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Sturdza, Demeter|year=1905}}</ref> He took part in the political movements of the time.
Born in [[Iași]], [[Principality of Moldavia|Moldavia]], and educated there at the ''[[Academia Mihăileană]]'', he continued his studies in [[German Confederation|Germany]] at [[Munich]], [[Göttingen]], [[Bonn]], and [[Berlin]].<ref name=nie>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Sturdza, Demeter|year=1905}}</ref> He took part in the political movements of the time.


Sturdza was private secretary to [[Domnitor|Prince]] [[Alexander John Cuza]]. He afterwards turned against the increasingly unsanctioned rule of Cuza: He became Minister of Public Instruction in 1859, and was one of the most zealous promoters of the overthrow of Cuza. In 1866, he joined [[Ion Brătianu]] and others in the deposition of Cuza, and the election of [[Prince Charles of Hohenzollern]] (later Carol I of Romania).<ref name=nie/> He became a member of the [[Liberalism in Romania|Liberal]] government. In the cabinet of Bratianu, 1876–88, he repeatedly held ministerial posts.<ref name=nie/>
Sturdza was private secretary to [[Domnitor|Prince]] [[Alexander John Cuza]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Sturdza|display=Sturdza s.v. Demetrius [Dimitrie] Sturdza|first=Moses|last=Gaster|author-link=Moses Gaster}}</ref> He afterwards turned against the increasingly unsanctioned rule of Cuza: He became Minister of Public Instruction in 1859, and was one of the most zealous promoters of the overthrow of Cuza. In 1866, he joined [[Ion Brătianu]] and others in the deposition of Cuza and the election of Prince Charles of Hohenzollern (later King [[Carol I of Romania]]).<ref name=nie/> He became a member of the [[Liberalism in Romania|Liberal]] government. In the cabinet of Bratianu, 1876–88, he repeatedly held ministerial posts.<ref name=nie/>


In 1899 he was elected leader of the [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] in succession to Brătianu, and was four times [[List of Prime Ministers of Romania|Prime Minister]]. For his last time in office, in 1907, Sturdza was called by [[King of Romania|King]] Carol I to handle the crisis created by the [[1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt|peasants' revolt of March]]. Although noted for his capacity for work, he was also a [[Nationalism|nationalist]], resentful of "''aliens''" (in line with the anti-[[Jewish]] policies of his party), and supported blocking non-Romanians from a large number of social positions.
In 1892 he was elected leader of the [[National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)|National Liberal Party]] in succession to Brătianu, and was four times [[List of Prime Ministers of Romania|Prime Minister]].<ref name="EB1911"/> During his last term in office, in 1907, Sturdza was called by [[King of Romania|King]] Carol I to handle the crisis created by the [[1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt|peasants' revolt of March]]. Although noted for his capacity for work, he was also a [[Nationalism|nationalist]], resentful of "''aliens''"{{sfn|Gaster|1911}} (in line with the anti-[[Jewish]] policies of his party), and supported blocking non-Romanians from a large number of social positions. Sturdza was a notorious antisemite, supporting measures such as the expulsion of Romanian Jews, and he was known for his opposition towards the naturalization of the Jews in Romania. He was responsible for the exile of Romanian Jewish intellectuals [[Moses Gaster]] and [[Lazăr Şăineanu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.adevarul.ro/cultura/istorie/mosesgaster-figura-nedrept-uitata-1_541326aa0d133766a81476aa/index.html|title = Moses Gaster, o figură pe nedrept uitată}}</ref>


He was appointed permanent secretary of the Romanian Academy, and became a recognized authority on Romanian [[numismatics]]. As secretary of the academy he was instrumental in assisting the publication of the collections of historic documents made by [[Constantin Hurmuzachi]] (30 vols., [[Bucharest]], 1876-1897), and other acts and documents besides a number of minor political pamphlets of transitory value.
He was appointed permanent secretary of the Romanian Academy, and became a recognized authority on [[Romanian numismatics]]. As secretary of the academy he was instrumental in assisting the publication of the collections of historic documents made by [[Constantin Hurmuzachi]] (30 vols., [[Bucharest]], 1876–1897), and other acts and documents, as well as a number of minor political pamphlets of transitory value.<ref name="EB1911"/>


His son [[Alexandru D. Sturdza|Alexandru Sturdza]], by then a Colonel in the [[Romanian Army]], defected to the [[German Empire|Germans]] in 1916, during the [[Romanian Campaign (World War I)|World War I]].
His son {{ill|Alexandru D. Sturdza|ro}}, by then a Colonel in the [[Romanian Army]], defected to the [[German Empire|Germans]] in 1916, during [[Romanian Campaign (World War I)|World War I]].


==Works==
==Works==
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* ''La question des portes de fer et des cataractes du Danube'' (1899)
* ''La question des portes de fer et des cataractes du Danube'' (1899)
* ''Charles I., roi de Roumanie'' (1899 et seq.)
* ''Charles I., roi de Roumanie'' (1899 et seq.)
* Otu, Petre, Georgescu, Maria: Durchleuchtung eines Verrats. Der Fall des Oberst Alexandru D. Sturdza. Lektor Verlag. Hainburg. 2022.

==See also==
==See also==
* [[Sturdza family]]
* [[Sturdza family]]
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==References==
==References==
*{{ro icon}} [[Ion Luca Caragiale]], ''[http://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Tr%C4%83darea_rom%C3%A2nismului%21_Triumful_str%C4%83inismului%21%21_Consumatum_est%21%21%21 Trădarea românismului! Triumful străinismului!! Consumatum est!!!]'' (a pamphlet of the period, ridiculing the anti-Jewish stance of the Liberal Party)
*{{in lang|ro}} [[Ion Luca Caragiale]], ''[http://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Tr%C4%83darea_rom%C3%A2nismului%21_Triumful_str%C4%83inismului%21%21_Consumatum_est%21%21%21 Trădarea românismului! Triumful străinismului!! Consumatum est!!!]'' (a pamphlet of the period, ridiculing the anti-Jewish stance of the Liberal Party)
;Attribution
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Sturdza|author=[[Moses Gaster]]}}


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{{RomanianPrimeMinisters}}
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{{RomanianForeignMinisters}}
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{{Defence Ministers of Romania}}
{{RomanianInteriorMinisters}}
{{RomanianInteriorMinisters}}
{{PNLHeads}}
{{PNLHeads}}
{{First Lascăr Catargiu Cabinet}}
{{First Lascăr Catargiu Cabinet}}
{{Third Ion C. Brătianu Cabinet}}
{{Fourth Ion C. Brătianu Cabinet}}
{{Chairman Senate Romania}}
{{Chairman Senate Romania}}
{{Romanian Academy presidents}}
{{Romanian Academy presidents}}
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Sturdza, Dimitrie
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Prime Minister of Romania
| DATE OF BIRTH = 10 March 1833
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Iași
| DATE OF DEATH = 21 October 1914
| PLACE OF DEATH = Bucharest
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sturdza, Dimitrie}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sturdza, Dimitrie}}
[[Category:1833 births]]
[[Category:1833 births]]
[[Category:1914 deaths]]
[[Category:1914 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:Antisemitism in Romania]]
[[Category:Politicians from Iași]]
[[Category:Sturdza family|Dimitrie]]
[[Category:Chairpersons of the National Liberal Party (Romania)]]
[[Category:Chairpersons of the National Liberal Party (Romania)]]
[[Category:People from Iași]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of Romania]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Romanian Academy]]
[[Category:Ministers of agriculture of Romania]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Romania]]
[[Category:Ministers of culture of Romania]]
[[Category:Romanian Ministers of Defence]]
[[Category:Ministers of defence of Romania]]
[[Category:Romanian Ministers of Education]]
[[Category:Ministers of education of Romania]]
[[Category:Romanian Ministers of Finance]]
[[Category:Ministers of finance of Romania]]
[[Category:Romanian Ministers of Foreign Affairs]]
[[Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of Romania]]
[[Category:Ministers of interior of Romania]]
[[Category:People from the Principality of Moldavia]]
[[Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)]]
[[Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)]]
⚫
[[Category:Members of the Senate of Romania]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Senate of Romania]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Senate of Romania]]
[[Category:Sturdza family|Dimitrie]]
[[Category:Members of the Senate of Romania]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Romanian Academy]]
[[Category:Ministers of public works of Romania]]

Latest revision as of 13:23, 15 September 2024

Not to be confused with Dimitri Sturdza.
Dimitrie Sturdza

Prince Dimitrie Sturdza (Romanian pronunciation: [diˈmitri.e ˈsturza] ⓘ, in full Prince Dimitrie Alexandru Sturdza-Miclăușanu; 10 March 1833 – 21 October 1914) was a Romanian statesman and author of the late 19th century, and president of the Romanian Academy between 1882 and 1884. He is an aristocrat and member of the House of Sturdza.

Biography

[edit]

Born in Iași, Moldavia, and educated there at the Academia Mihăileană, he continued his studies in Germany at Munich, Göttingen, Bonn, and Berlin.[1] He took part in the political movements of the time.

Sturdza was private secretary to Prince Alexander John Cuza.[2] He afterwards turned against the increasingly unsanctioned rule of Cuza: He became Minister of Public Instruction in 1859, and was one of the most zealous promoters of the overthrow of Cuza. In 1866, he joined Ion Brătianu and others in the deposition of Cuza and the election of Prince Charles of Hohenzollern (later King Carol I of Romania).[1] He became a member of the Liberal government. In the cabinet of Bratianu, 1876–88, he repeatedly held ministerial posts.[1]

In 1892 he was elected leader of the National Liberal Party in succession to Brătianu, and was four times Prime Minister.[2] During his last term in office, in 1907, Sturdza was called by King Carol I to handle the crisis created by the peasants' revolt of March. Although noted for his capacity for work, he was also a nationalist, resentful of "aliens"[3] (in line with the anti-Jewish policies of his party), and supported blocking non-Romanians from a large number of social positions. Sturdza was a notorious antisemite, supporting measures such as the expulsion of Romanian Jews, and he was known for his opposition towards the naturalization of the Jews in Romania. He was responsible for the exile of Romanian Jewish intellectuals Moses Gaster and Lazăr Şăineanu.[4]

He was appointed permanent secretary of the Romanian Academy, and became a recognized authority on Romanian numismatics. As secretary of the academy he was instrumental in assisting the publication of the collections of historic documents made by Constantin Hurmuzachi (30 vols., Bucharest, 1876–1897), and other acts and documents, as well as a number of minor political pamphlets of transitory value.[2]

His son Alexandru D. Sturdza [ro], by then a Colonel in the Romanian Army, defected to the Germans in 1916, during World War I.

Works

[edit]
  • La Marche progressive de la Russie sur le Danube (1878)
  • Uebersicht der Münzen und Medaillen des Fürstentums Rumänien (1874)
  • Europa, Russia, Romania (1888)
  • La question des portes de fer et des cataractes du Danube (1899)
  • Charles I., roi de Roumanie (1899 et seq.)
  • Otu, Petre, Georgescu, Maria: Durchleuchtung eines Verrats. Der Fall des Oberst Alexandru D. Sturdza. Lektor Verlag. Hainburg. 2022.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Sturdza, Demeter" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  2. ^ a b c  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gaster, Moses (1911). "Sturdza s.v. Demetrius [Dimitrie] Sturdza". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  3. ^ Gaster 1911.
  4. ^ "Moses Gaster, o figură pe nedrept uitată".

References

[edit]
Preceded by Prime Minister of Romania
15 October 1895–2 December 1896 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Romania
12 April 1897–23 April 1899 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Romania
27 February 1901–4 January 1906 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Romania
24 March 1907–9 January 1909 		Succeeded by
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