Lord Chancellor of Scotland: Difference between revisions
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The '''Lord Chancellor of Scotland''' was a [[Great Officer of State]] in pre-[[Act of Union 1707|Union]] [[Scotland]]. |
The '''Lord Chancellor of Scotland''' was a [[Great Officer of State]] in pre-[[Act of Union 1707|Union]] [[Scotland]]. |
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Holders of the office are known from 1123 onwards, but its duties were occasionally performed by an official of lower status with the title of [[Great Seal of Scotland|Keeper of the Great Seal]]. From the 15th century, the Chancellor was normally a Bishop or an Earl. |
Holders of the office are known from 1123 onwards, but its duties were occasionally performed by an official of lower status with the title of [[Great Seal of Scotland|Keeper of the Great Seal]]. From the 15th century, the Chancellor was normally a Bishop or an Earl. |
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At the Union, the [[Lord Keeper of the Great Seal]] of England became the first [[Lord Chancellor|Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain]], but the [[James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater|Earl of Seafield]] continued as Lord Chancellor of Scotland until 1708. He was re-appointed in 1713 and sat as an [[Extraordinary Lord of Session]] in that capacity until his death in 1730. It has been argued that the office is only in abeyance and could be revived, although revival seems unlikely at the present time. |
At the Union, the [[Lord Keeper of the Great Seal]] of England became the first [[Lord Chancellor|Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain]], but the [[James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater|Earl of Seafield]] continued as Lord Chancellor of Scotland until 1708. He was re-appointed in 1713 and sat as an [[Extraordinary Lord of Session]] in that capacity until his death in 1730. It has been argued that the office is only in abeyance and could be revived, although revival seems unlikely at the present time. |
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==List of Lord Chancellors of Scotland== |
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===David I=== |
===David I=== |
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===Robert I=== |
===Robert I=== |
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* 1308–1328: [[Bernard of Kilwinning|Bernard]], [[Abbot of Arbroath]] (later [[Bishop of the Isles]]) |
* 1308–1328: [[Bernard of Kilwinning|Bernard]], [[Abbot of Arbroath]] (later [[Bishop of the Isles]]) |
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===David II=== |
===David II=== |
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* 1328-1329: Walter de Twynham, Rector of Glasgow ''Primo'' |
* 1328-1329: Walter de Twynham, Rector of Glasgow ''Primo'' |
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===James I=== |
===James I=== |
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* 1422–1425: [[William de Lawedre|William Lauder]], [[Bishop of Glasgow]] |
* 1422–1425: [[William de Lawedre|William Lauder]], [[Bishop of Glasgow]] |
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* 1426–1439: [[John Cameron]], [[Bishop of Glasgow]] |
* 1426–1439: [[John Cameron (bishop)|John Cameron]], [[Bishop of Glasgow]] |
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===James II=== |
===James II=== |
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* 1439–c.1444: [[William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton]] |
* 1439–c.1444: [[William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton]] |
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* 1444: [[James Kennedy (bishop)|James Kennedy]], Archbishop of Saint Andrews |
* 1444: [[James Kennedy (bishop)|James Kennedy]], Archbishop of Saint Andrews |
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* 1444-1447: [[James Bruce (bishop)|James Bruce]], Bishop of Dunkeld and Glasgow |
* 1444-1447: [[James Bruce (bishop)|James Bruce]], Bishop of Dunkeld and Glasgow |
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* 1447–1453: William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton, |
* 1447–1453: William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton, |
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* 1454–1456: [[William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness|William Sinclair, Earl of Orkney and Caithness]] |
* 1454–1456: [[William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness|William Sinclair, Earl of Orkney and Caithness]] |
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* 1457–1460: [[George Shoreswood]], Bishop of Brechin |
* 1457–1460: [[George Shoreswood]], Bishop of Brechin |
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* 1482–1483: [[John Laing (bishop)|John Laing]], [[Bishop of Glasgow]] |
* 1482–1483: [[John Laing (bishop)|John Laing]], [[Bishop of Glasgow]] |
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* 1483: [[James Livingston (bishop)|James Livingstone]], [[Bishop of Dunkeld]] |
* 1483: [[James Livingston (bishop)|James Livingstone]], [[Bishop of Dunkeld]] |
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* 1483–1488: [[Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll]] |
* 1483–1488: [[Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll]] |
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===James IV=== |
===James IV=== |
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* 1488 (Feb–Jun): [[William Elphinstone]], [[Bishop of Aberdeen]] |
* 1488 (Feb–Jun): [[William Elphinstone]], [[Bishop of Aberdeen]] |
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* 1488–1492: Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll |
* 1488–1492: Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll |
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* 1493–1497: [[Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus]] |
* 1493–1497: [[Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus]] |
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* 1497–1501: [[George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly]] |
* 1497–1501: [[George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly]] |
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* 1501–1504: [[James Stewart, Duke of Ross]] |
* 1501–1504: [[James Stewart, Duke of Ross]] |
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* 1513–1526: [[James Beaton]], [[Archbishop of Glasgow]] (later [[Archbishop of St Andrews]]) |
* 1513–1526: [[James Beaton]], [[Archbishop of Glasgow]] (later [[Archbishop of St Andrews]]) |
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* 1527–1528: [[Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus]] |
* 1527–1528: [[Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus]] |
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* 1528–1543: [[Gavin Dunbar]], [[Archbishop of Glasgow]] |
* 1528–1543: [[Gavin Dunbar (archbishop of Glasgow)|Gavin Dunbar]], [[Archbishop of Glasgow]] |
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===Mary I=== |
===Mary I=== |
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* 1543–1546: [[David Beaton]], [[Archbishop of St Andrews]] |
* 1543–1546: [[David Beaton]], [[Archbishop of St Andrews]] |
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* 1546–1562: [[George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly]] |
* 1546–1562: [[George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly]] |
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* 1563–1566: [[James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton]] |
* 1563–1566: [[James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton]] |
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* 1566–1567: [[George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly]] |
* 1566–1567: [[George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly]] |
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===James VI=== |
===James VI=== |
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* 1567–1573: James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton |
* 1567–1573: James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton |
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* 1573 (Jan–Sep): [[Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll]] |
* 1573 (Jan–Sep): [[Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll]] |
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* 1573–1578: [[John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis]] |
* 1573–1578: [[John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis]] |
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* 1578–1579: [[John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl]] |
* 1578–1579: [[John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl]] |
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* 1579–1584: [[Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll]] |
* 1579–1584: [[Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll]] |
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* 1584–1585: [[James Stewart, Earl of Arran]] |
* 1584–1585: [[James Stewart, Earl of Arran]] |
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* 1586–1595: [[John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland of Thirlestane]] |
* 1586–1595: [[John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland of Thirlestane]] |
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* 1599–1604: [[John Graham, 3rd Earl of Montrose]] |
* 1599–1604: [[John Graham, 3rd Earl of Montrose]] |
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* 1604–1622: [[Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline]] |
* 1604–1622: [[Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline]] |
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* 1622–1634: [[George Hay, 1st Earl of Kinnoull]] |
* 1622–1634: [[George Hay, 1st Earl of Kinnoull]] |
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===Charles I=== |
===Charles I=== |
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* 1635–1638: [[John Spottiswoode]], [[Archbishop of St Andrews]] |
* 1635–1638: [[John Spottiswoode]], [[Archbishop of St Andrews]] |
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* 1638–1641: [[James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton]] |
* 1638–1641: [[James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton]] |
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* 1641–1660: [[John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun]] |
* 1641–1660: [[John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun]] |
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===Charles II=== |
===Charles II=== |
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* 1660–1664: [[William Cunningham, 9th Earl of Glencairn]] |
* 1660–1664: [[William Cunningham, 9th Earl of Glencairn]] |
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* 1664–1681: [[John Leslie, 1st Duke of Rothes]] |
* 1664–1681: [[John Leslie, 1st Duke of Rothes]] |
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* 1681-1682: ''Office vacant'' |
* 1681-1682: ''Office vacant'' |
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* 1705–1707: [[James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater|James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield]] |
* 1705–1707: [[James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater|James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield]] |
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== |
==See also== |
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* [[Privy Council of Scotland]] |
* [[Privy Council of Scotland]] |
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* [[Treasurer of Scotland]] |
* [[Treasurer of Scotland]] |
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* [[Treasurer-depute of Scotland]] |
* [[Treasurer-depute of Scotland]] |
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* [[Secretary of State, Scotland]] |
* [[Secretary of State, Scotland]] |
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* [[Master of Requests]] |
* [[Master of Requests]] |
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== |
==References== |
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===Notes=== |
===Notes=== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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Revision as of 21:16, 20 October 2011
| This article is part of a series within the Politics of the United Kingdom on the |
| Politics of Scotland |
|---|
 |
The Lord Chancellor of Scotland was a Great Officer of State in pre-Union Scotland.
Holders of the office are known from 1123 onwards, but its duties were occasionally performed by an official of lower status with the title of Keeper of the Great Seal. From the 15th century, the Chancellor was normally a Bishop or an Earl.
At the Union, the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England became the first Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, but the Earl of Seafield continued as Lord Chancellor of Scotland until 1708. He was re-appointed in 1713 and sat as an Extraordinary Lord of Session in that capacity until his death in 1730. It has been argued that the office is only in abeyance and could be revived, although revival seems unlikely at the present time.
List of Lord Chancellors of Scotland
David I
- 1124-1126: John Capellanus
- 1126-1143: Herbert of Selkirk
- bef.1143-1145: Edward, Bishop of Aberdeen
- c.1147–c.1150: William Comyn
- bef.1150-1153: Walter, possibly Walter fitz Alan[1]
Malcolm VI
- 1153–1165: Enguerrand, Bishop of Glasgow
William I
- 1165-1171: Nicholas
- c.1171-1178: Walter de Bidun, Bishop of Dunkeld
- c.1178–1189: Roger de Beaumont, Bishop of St Andrews
- 1189–1199: Hugh de Roxburgh, Bishop of Glasgow
- 1199–1202: William de Malveisin, Bishop of Glasgow
- 1203-1210: Florence of Holland, Bishop-elect of Glasgow
- 1211-1224: William del Bois, Archdeacon of Lothian
Alexander II
- 1226-1227: Thomas de Stirling, Archdeacon of Glasgow
- 1227-1230: Matthew the Scot, Bishop-elect of Dunkeld
- 1231–1233: William de Bondington, Bishop of Glasgow
- 1233-1249: Sir William de Lindsay
Alexander III
- 1249–1250: Robert de Keldeleth, Abbot of Dunfermline
- 1250-1253: Gamelin, Bishop of St Andrews
- 1256–1257: Richard de Inverkeithing, Bishop of Dunkeld
- 1259-1273: William Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow
- 1273–c.1279: William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews
- 1285-1291: Thomas Charteris, Archdeacon of Lothian
English Appointees during the Interregnum
- 1291: Alan de St Edmund, Bishop of Caithness
- 1292: William de Dumfries
- 1292: Alan de Dumfries
- 1294-1295: Thomas de Hunsinghore
- 1295-1296: Alexander Kennedy
- c.1301–c.1305: Nicholas de Balmyle, Bishop of Dunblane
Robert I
- 1308–1328: Bernard, Abbot of Arbroath (later Bishop of the Isles)
David II
- 1328-1329: Walter de Twynham, Rector of Glasgow Primo
- 1329-1332: Adam de Moravia, Bishop of Brechin
- 1338-1341: William Bullock, Chancellor to Edward Baliol[2]
- 1342: William de Bosco
- 1335x1340–1346: Sir Thomas Charteris
- 1350-1352: William Caldwell
- 1353–1370: Patrick de Leuchars, Bishop of Brechin
Robert II
- 1370–1377: John de Carrick, Bishop-elect of Dunkeld
- 1377–1390: John de Peebles, Bishop of Dunkeld
Robert III
- 1394: Duncan Petit, Archdeacon of Glasgow
- 1396-1421: Gilbert de Greenlaw, Bishop of Aberdeen
James I
- 1422–1425: William Lauder, Bishop of Glasgow
- 1426–1439: John Cameron, Bishop of Glasgow
James II
- 1439–c.1444: William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton
- 1444: James Kennedy, Archbishop of Saint Andrews
- 1444-1447: James Bruce, Bishop of Dunkeld and Glasgow
- 1447–1453: William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton,
- 1454–1456: William Sinclair, Earl of Orkney and Caithness
- 1457–1460: George Shoreswood, Bishop of Brechin
James III
- 1460–1482: Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avandale
- 1482–1483: John Laing, Bishop of Glasgow
- 1483: James Livingstone, Bishop of Dunkeld
- 1483–1488: Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll
James IV
- 1488 (Feb–Jun): William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen
- 1488–1492: Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll
- 1493–1497: Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus
- 1497–1501: George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly
- 1501–1504: James Stewart, Duke of Ross
- 1510–1513: Alexander Stewart (d. 1513), Archbishop of St Andrews
James V
- 1513–1526: James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow (later Archbishop of St Andrews)
- 1527–1528: Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
- 1528–1543: Gavin Dunbar, Archbishop of Glasgow
Mary I
- 1543–1546: David Beaton, Archbishop of St Andrews
- 1546–1562: George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly
- 1563–1566: James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
- 1566–1567: George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly
James VI
- 1567–1573: James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
- 1573 (Jan–Sep): Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll
- 1573–1578: John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis
- 1578–1579: John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl
- 1579–1584: Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll
- 1584–1585: James Stewart, Earl of Arran
- 1586–1595: John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland of Thirlestane
- 1599–1604: John Graham, 3rd Earl of Montrose
- 1604–1622: Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline
- 1622–1634: George Hay, 1st Earl of Kinnoull
Charles I
- 1635–1638: John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St Andrews
- 1638–1641: James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton
- 1641–1660: John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun
Charles II
- 1660–1664: William Cunningham, 9th Earl of Glencairn
- 1664–1681: John Leslie, 1st Duke of Rothes
- 1681-1682: Office vacant
- 1682–1684: George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen
James VII
- 1684–1689: James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth
William II and Mary II
- 1689-1692: In commission
- 1692–1696: John Hay, 1st Marquess of Tweeddale
- 1696–1702: Patrick Hume, 1st Earl of Marchmont
Anne
- 1702–1704: James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield
- 1704–1705: John Hay, 2nd Marquess of Tweeddale
- 1705–1707: James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield
See also
- Privy Council of Scotland
- Treasurer of Scotland
- Treasurer-depute of Scotland
- Secretary of State, Scotland
- Master of Requests
References
Notes
Sources
- Cowan, Samuel, The Lord Chancellors of Scotland Edinburgh 1911. [1]
- "Lord chancellors of Scotland in the Oxford DNB", in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2007 accessed 20 Feb 2007
- Dowden, John, The Bishops of Scotland, ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)
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