Hunsdon House: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Hunsdon House - geograph 1445429.jpg|thumb|Hunsdon House, as seen from the adjacent churchyard. (West end of main house is on the right; service building on the left.)]] |
[[File:Hunsdon House - geograph 1445429.jpg|thumb|Hunsdon House, as seen from the adjacent churchyard. (West end of main house is on the right; service building on the left.)]] |
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'''Hunsdon House''' is a historic [[house]] in [[Hunsdon]], [[Hertfordshire]], [[England]], northwest of [[Harlow]]. |
'''Hunsdon House''' is a historic [[house]] in [[Hunsdon]], [[Hertfordshire]], [[England]], northwest of [[Harlow]]. Originally constructed in the 15th century, it was most notably the estate of [[Henry VIII of England]]. It has been rebuilt several times since then, and is no longer as grand as it was in the Tudor era. |
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==Early history== |
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It was originally constructed of [[brick]] in 1447 by [[William Oldhall|Sir William Oldhall]] in the shape of a tower. [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] purchased it in 1471 and gave it to [[Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk]], who then passed it on to [[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk|his son]]. |
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It was originally constructed of [[brick]] in 1447 by [[William Oldhall|Sir William Oldhall]] in the shape of a tower, but as Oldhall supported the [[House of York]] during the [[Wars of the Roses]], he was stripped of the property by the [[House of Lancaster|Lancastrian]] [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]. Upon the Yorkist [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]]'s accession to the throne in 1471, the land was returned to the Oldhall family. John Oldhall then died in the [[Battle of Bosworth Field]] and with the Lancastrians back in power, the estate was taken over by [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]].<ref name="Thorne1876">{{cite book|last=Thorne|first=James|title=Handbook to the Environs of London|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TcYBAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA373|accessdate=19 December 2012|year=1876|publisher=J. Murray|pages=373–74}}</ref> Henry traded it to his mother [[Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby|Margaret Beaufort]] for [[Old Soar Manor]] in [[Kent]] in 1503.<ref name="Emery2006">{{cite book|last=Emery|first=Anthony|title=Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500: Volume 3, Southern England|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=g7EXvaDEYioC&pg=PA384|accessdate=19 December 2012|date=2006-03-09|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521581325|page=384}}</ref> After the deaths of Margaret and her husband [[Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond|Edmund Tudor]], her son [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] gave it to [[Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk]] in 1514.<ref name="Thorne1876"/> [[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk|Howard's son]] reduced the height of the tower for safety reasons in 1524.<ref name="Britannia">{{cite web | url=http://britannia.com/history/chouses/hunsdon.html | title=Hunsdon: Henry VIII's Great Tudor House | first=Michael | last=Ford | publisher=Britannia.com | work=Historic Hertfordshire | year=1999 | accessdate=2008-03-07}}</ref> |
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==Tudor era== |
==Tudor era== |
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When Henry VIII retook possession in 1525 after Howard's death, he set about expanding the house into a palatial estate in the [[Tudor architecture|Tudor style]], complete with royal apartments and even a [[moat]].<ref name="Britannia"/> Although he visited frequently and enjoyed hunting in the deerpark,<ref name="Hunsdon">{{cite web | url=http://www.hunsdon.org.uk/village_history.htm | title=Village History | publisher=Hunsdon Parish Council | first=Glen | last=Thompson | accessdate=2012-12-19}}</ref> the house was mainly used for his children, especially [[Mary I of England|Mary]], who lived there until her accession to the throne.<ref name="NealeMoule1822"/> She even inherited the house after the death of her father and kept it until her death.<ref name="Thorne1876"/> [[Edward VI of England|Prince Edward]] notably spent much time at Hunsdon, most famously in 1546 when his portrait was painted with the house in the background.<ref name="Britannia"/> [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]] made [[Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon|Henry Carey]] the first [[baron]] of Hunsdon, after first granting the house to him in 1559.<ref name="Hunsdon"/> |
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In 1623, the house suffered a [[structural failure]] during a sermon given by a local friar to an audience of about 300 people in an upper chamber. The floor collapsed, resulting in 94 deaths. The incident was known as "The Fatal Vespers".<ref name="WheatleyCunningham2011">{{cite book|last1=Wheatley|first1=Henry Benjamin|last2=Cunningham|first2=Peter|title=London Past and Present: Its History, Associations, and Traditions|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yaRZ1cAMd2UC&pg=PA196|accessdate=19 December 2012|date=2011-02-24|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108028066|page=196}}</ref> |
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==Recent centuries== |
==Recent centuries== |
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Much of Henry VIII's expansions were torn down in the early 17th century, and the moat was filled some time in the 18th century. The house was rebuilt at the beginning of the 19th century, but 1860 renovations changed much of the architecture to a [[ |
The manor stayed in the Carey family for over 100 years, after which it passed to the Bluck family and then the Calvert family.<ref name="Thorne1876"/> Much of Henry VIII's expansions were torn down in the early 17th century, and the moat was filled some time in the 18th century.<ref name="NealeMoule1822">{{cite book|last1=Neale|first1=John Preston|last2=Moule|first2=Thomas|title=Views of the seats of noblemen and gentlemen, in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=0JEZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT86|accessdate=19 December 2012|year=1822|publisher=Sherwood, Jones and Co.|page=86}}</ref> The house was rebuilt at the beginning of the 19th century, but 1860 renovations by Nicolson Calvert changed much of the architecture to a [[Elizabethan architecture|Elizabethan]] style.<ref name="Thorne1876"/><ref name="Prince2008">{{cite book|last=Prince|first=Hugh C.|title=Parks in Hertfordshire Since 1500|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mOYyyPCRbuYC&pg=PA175|accessdate=19 December 2012|year=2008|publisher=Univeristy of Hertfordshire Press|isbn=9780954218997|page=175}}</ref> One last renovation in 1983 revealed some of the 15th century brickwork. The current house is less than a quarter of its size under Henry VIII.<ref name="Britannia"/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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*{{cite web | url=http://britannia.com/history/chouses/hunsdon.html | title=Hunsdon: Henry VIII's Great Tudor House | first=Michael | last=Ford | publisher=Britannia.com | work=Historic Hertfordshire | year=1999 | accessdate=2008-03-07}} |
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[[Category:Country houses in Hertfordshire]] |
[[Category:Country houses in Hertfordshire]] |
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[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Hertfordshire]] |
[[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Hertfordshire]] |
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{{Hertfordshire-struct-stub}} |
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Revision as of 23:47, 19 December 2012
Hunsdon House is a historic house in Hunsdon, Hertfordshire, England, northwest of Harlow. Originally constructed in the 15th century, it was most notably the estate of Henry VIII of England. It has been rebuilt several times since then, and is no longer as grand as it was in the Tudor era.
Early history
It was originally constructed of brick in 1447 by Sir William Oldhall in the shape of a tower, but as Oldhall supported the House of York during the Wars of the Roses, he was stripped of the property by the Lancastrian Henry VI. Upon the Yorkist Edward IV's accession to the throne in 1471, the land was returned to the Oldhall family. John Oldhall then died in the Battle of Bosworth Field and with the Lancastrians back in power, the estate was taken over by Henry VII.[1] Henry traded it to his mother Margaret Beaufort for Old Soar Manor in Kent in 1503.[2] After the deaths of Margaret and her husband Edmund Tudor, her son Henry VIII gave it to Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk in 1514.[1] Howard's son reduced the height of the tower for safety reasons in 1524.[3]
Tudor era
When Henry VIII retook possession in 1525 after Howard's death, he set about expanding the house into a palatial estate in the Tudor style, complete with royal apartments and even a moat.[3] Although he visited frequently and enjoyed hunting in the deerpark,[4] the house was mainly used for his children, especially Mary, who lived there until her accession to the throne.[5] She even inherited the house after the death of her father and kept it until her death.[1] Prince Edward notably spent much time at Hunsdon, most famously in 1546 when his portrait was painted with the house in the background.[3] Elizabeth I made Henry Carey the first baron of Hunsdon, after first granting the house to him in 1559.[4]
In 1623, the house suffered a structural failure during a sermon given by a local friar to an audience of about 300 people in an upper chamber. The floor collapsed, resulting in 94 deaths. The incident was known as "The Fatal Vespers".[6]
Recent centuries
The manor stayed in the Carey family for over 100 years, after which it passed to the Bluck family and then the Calvert family.[1] Much of Henry VIII's expansions were torn down in the early 17th century, and the moat was filled some time in the 18th century.[5] The house was rebuilt at the beginning of the 19th century, but 1860 renovations by Nicolson Calvert changed much of the architecture to a Elizabethan style.[1][7] One last renovation in 1983 revealed some of the 15th century brickwork. The current house is less than a quarter of its size under Henry VIII.[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Thorne, James (1876). Handbook to the Environs of London. J. Murray. pp. 373–74. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ^ Emery, Anthony (2006-03-09). Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500: Volume 3, Southern England. Cambridge University Press. p. 384. ISBN 9780521581325. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ^ a b c d Ford, Michael (1999). "Hunsdon: Henry VIII's Great Tudor House". Historic Hertfordshire. Britannia.com. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
- ^ a b Thompson, Glen. "Village History". Hunsdon Parish Council. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
- ^ a b Neale, John Preston; Moule, Thomas (1822). Views of the seats of noblemen and gentlemen, in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Sherwood, Jones and Co. p. 86. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ^ Wheatley, Henry Benjamin; Cunningham, Peter (2011-02-24). London Past and Present: Its History, Associations, and Traditions. Cambridge University Press. p. 196. ISBN 9781108028066. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ^ Prince, Hugh C. (2008). Parks in Hertfordshire Since 1500. Univeristy of Hertfordshire Press. p. 175. ISBN 9780954218997. Retrieved 19 December 2012.