Draft:21st Construction Squadron

21st Construction Squadron (Australia)

21st Construction Squadron
Active	1950-present
Country	Australia
Branch	Australian Army
Type	Squadron
Role	Military Engineering
Size	150-275
Part of	6th Engineer Support Regiment
Nickname(s)	Ginger Beers
Motto(s)	With Strength and Precision (6 ESR)
Mascot(s)	Red Rooster
Anniversaries	18th of June (Waterloo Dinner)
Engagements	Vietnam War East Timor Afghanistan Iraq
Commanders
Current Commander	MAJ Ancel Lupke
1st OC	MAJ R.A. Venn

The 21st Construction Squadron is a sub-unit of the Australian Army, primarily composed of personnel from the Royal Australian Engineers. Formed in 1950, the squadron is currently part of the 6th Engineer Support Regiment and is based at RAAF Base Amberley. Throughout its history, both as an independent unit and as part of a regiment, the squadron has deployed personnel on numerous operations and exercises both domestically and abroad. Notable deployments include Vietnam, Borneo, East Timor, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Since 1998, the squadron has regularly participated in the Army Aboriginal Community Assistance Program and has frequently provided disaster relief to the wider Australian community and South West Pacific partners.

History

Squadron Origins (1950-1962)

In June 1949, plans to establish a regular Construction Squadron in Victoria were in advanced stages. The Engineer-in-Chief’s Technical Liaison Letter, published on 1 June 1949, announced approval for the formation of a regal regiment dedicated to construction tasks. 21 Construction Squadron was to be formed through the amalgamation of existing maintenance troops in Victoria. Final confirmation for the squadron’s establishment came in December 1949, and on 25 January 1950, Major Ronald Arthur Venn was appointed as the Officer Commanding. He was tasked with organizing and raising the unit from dispersed maintenance troops, marking 25 January 1950 as the official birth date of 21 Construction Squadron [1].

In December 1950, plans were finalized for accommodation and training facilities at Puckapunyal to support National Service. 21 Construction Squadron was assigned a key role in the construction of these facilities, making it practical to relocate the unit to Puckapunyal for the duration of the project [2]. In March 1951, the squadron’s headquarters and a troop based in Abbotsford were moved to Puckapunyal, with the squadron being stationed in its current area. After 1953, the troop from Bandiana also joined the squadron at Puckapunyal. At this time, the squadron was staffed by a core of wartime sappers, mainly from the 6th Division, and New Australian civilians, who made up approximately sixty percent of the unit's personnel. Puckapunyal became the permanent home of the Squadron and apart from forays in TP&NG and Sabah, Malaysia, has provided the unit's firm base until its relocation to Gallipoli Barracks [1].

The squadron has undertaken numerous construction projects for both the Army and civilian organizations across Victoria and other states of Australia. Many of the enhancements have contributed to the improvement of facilities, as well as the working and living conditions at various Army establishments [1]. Some of these improvements include:

·      Army Apprentices School, Balcombe

·      Officer Cadet School, Portsea

·      AHQ Survey Regiment, Bendigo

·      Seymour/Puckapunyal Area

·      Swan Island, Queenscliff

·      Lavarack Barracks, Townsville

·      Holsworthy Barracks

·      Shoalwater Bay Training Area

Between 1954 and 1956, a major works program with expenditure in excess of 100,000 Australian Pounds was carried out in the Puckapunyal and Seymour Area. During this period, for materials alone, some of the costing amounts were:

·      1 Armd Regt Tank Wash - 1,000

·      Scrub Hill (Roads, accommodation, services) - 24,000

·      Puckapunyal outdoor pool - 49,000

·      ASCO Canteen bulk issue point - 41,000

·      Improvements to Puckapunyal Water Supply - 30, 000

·      Brick Barracks to Mob Siding Seymour - 60,000

In addition to the works in the Puckapunyal area, other specific projects completed by personnel from 21 Construction Squadron in the early years include:

·      Ovals, Gymnasium and RAEME workshops

·      Army Apprentice School, Balcombe;

·      Ovals at Watsonia;

·      Fire Station, Athletics Track, Squash Courts and 1.7 Million gallon reservoir at

·      Puckapunyal;

·      200 metre bridge at Swan Island, Queenscliff;

·      Puckapunyal Airfield;

·      AFV Fording Pool at Puckapunyal;

·      All Saints Chapel at Lavarack Barracks, Townsville

·      25m range at Puckapunyal;

·      Orchard Airfield at Holsworthy;

·      Donovan Joynt Club at Puckapunyal;

·      Classification Range at Kapooka;

·      AFV Firing Range at Colston Hill, Puckapunyal.

Deployments abroad New Guinea, Malaysia and Vietnam (1962-1979)

In June 1962, the squadron was deployed to New Guinea for a twelve-month period, where it participated in various infrastructure projects aimed at both defence and development. This included road construction, airfield development at Passam, wharf construction at Wewak, expansions to the base camp at Moem [3], and the construction of brick married quarters for local government employees in Wewak. During the New Guinea deployment, a troop from 24 Construction Squadron was placed under the command of 21 Construction Squadron. This troop was stationed in Vanimo, where they completed a C130 airstrip to Department of Civil Aviation (DCA) specifications by early 1963. Following the completion of the airstrip, the troop was relocated to Passam. The squadron returned to Australia in July 1963 [1].

From November 1965 to June 1966, 21 Construction Squadron was deployed to Sabah, Malaysia, relieving 24 Construction Squadron [4]. The advance party arrived in early November, with the full changeover completed by 1 December 1965. Over the next six months, the squadron undertook various construction tasks, including camp expansions at North Pandean and continued road construction with forward elements positioned at several locations along the route. The squadron erected three DS (Double Storey) Bailey Bridges, each with a minimum load capacity of class 30 and spans ranging from 80 to 90 feet. It also constructed three class 30 timber bridges, each approximately 40 feet in span. Additionally, the squadron installed 22 Armco culverts, with an average length of 66 feet. Improvements to the Pandewas School included leveling a playground, constructing and installing playground equipment, and adding extra schoolroom facilities [1].

From 1965, 21 Construction Squadron deployed teams and personnel to support the Australian engineering contingent during the Vietnam War [5]. The squadron personnel responsibilities centred around base camp design and maintenance to sustain military operations. Additional tasks encompassed resource extraction for construction, water purification and supply, electricity generation, surveying, bridging, rafting, and civil aid [1].

Force Restructure (1980-1990)

In 1980, the reorganization of 1 Division units and the establishment of the Logistic Support Group (LSG) to support the Operational Deployment Force (ODF) were announced in Army Office Organization Instructions 580/80 (Division Units) and 575/80 (ODF (LSG)) [6]. This reorganization also included changes to communication zone units, as detailed in Headquarters Field Force Command Organization Instruction 3/81 (27 February 1981). As a result of these changes, Headquarters 1 Construction Regiment was established to command 17, 21, and 22 Construction Squadrons. 21 Construction Squadron was designated as the "LSG Construction Squadron," with an additional role to provide construction support to the Operational Deployment Force (ODF) and engineering services to 1 Logistic Support Group (LSG). The squadron was placed on a 28-day notice to move in support of ODF operational deployments.

Despite the brief period available to achieve operational readiness, 21 Construction Squadron successfully deployed as the LSG Construction Squadron for Exercise K81 from August to October 1981, completing all assigned tasks. Since then, the squadron has participated in numerous Logistic Support Group (LSG) "Steady Pack" and "Full Pack" exercises. It has also been deployed for extended periods to support other major defence exercises, including:

·      Operation Normanby Ranger II,  Shoalwater Bay 1981;

·      Steady Pack 82, Puckapunyal 1982;

·      Operation Normanby Ranger IV, Shoalwater Bay 1984;

·      Full Pack 86 and Exercise K86, Gladstone 1986;

·      Full Pack 88, El Alamein Camp, South Australia 1988;

·      Exercise K89, Katherine Northern Territory 1989.

The unit has also deployed for 1st Construction Regiment exercises during this period, notably:

·      Exercise Triple Shift, June to August 1986, Puckapunyal;

·      Exercise Northern Shift, May to June 1988, Singleton.

Additionally, during the 1980's the Squadron has completed Defence Cooperation Projects (DCP), major works tasks and providing DFACC assistance in civil communities, including;

·      Assistance to Ash Wednesday bushfires, February 1983;

·      Assistance with flooding, Lae PNG, 1983;

·      Construction of Donavan Joynt VC club, Puckapunyal, 1984;

·      Support to AS/UK stack fragment trials, Woomera, 1985, 1988;

·      DCP construction of mess facilities Tonga 1985;

·      Assistance to bushfires at Bright, Jan 1983;

·      Construction of squash courts, Broadmeadows 1986;

·      Extensions to Gladstone Airfield, Gladstone 1986;

·      Reconstruction of route 20, Puckapunyal 1987;

·      Construction of classification range, Kapooka 1987;

·      Upgrade of Cultana airstrip, South Australia 1988;

·      DCP EOD support, Solomon's Islands 1988;

·      Armoury construction and mess renovation, Butterworth 1988;

·      DCP Electrical trade support, Vanuatu 1988, 1989.

In 1989, 21 Construction Squadron initiated an Adult Trade Training Program aimed at training serving sappers as Carpenters and Joiners (C&J) and Bricklayers (BL). Eight C&J apprentices and three BL apprentices began their studies at Bendigo TAFE in January 1989, achieving excellent results in their first year. In 1990, two additional BL apprentices were scheduled to start, and the C&J training was set to be transferred to the Army Apprentice School under a block release system. This program involves formal training at the Army Apprentice School combined with practical experience through works supervised by 21 Construction Squadron and civilian detachments. In their first year, these apprentices have made significant contributions by completing projects for various units at Puckapunyal and undertaking tasks interstate [1].

The 1990s & East Timor (1990-2003)

In the early 1990s, the Squadron undertook its first overseas task of the decade in Western Samoa. This assignment involved constructing a police station and an early warning cyclone station. The Squadron also completed its first local project, constructing an Armour Fighting Vehicle range at Puckapunyal, and began an interstate project at Gallipoli Barracks, where it initiated the construction of various buildings for the South Queensland Logistic Group (SQLG). These buildings remain in use today. Additionally, Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA) saw significant road upgrades.

The year 1992 was marked by Exercise K92 in Katherine, Northern Territory, where the Squadron consolidated many of its skills. That year also saw the beginning of the Kapooka Chapel construction, following excavation work completed the previous year. The chapel became a significant site for the Army, with nearly every soldier in the Australian Army having seen or visited it. The SQLG buildings were completed, and two northern projects were undertaken: the Light Horse Dive at Robinson Barracks, NT, and a scale camp at Mt. Bundy Training Area, NT.

In 1993, the Squadron's move from central Victoria to Queensland was accomplished, with a stop at the Shire of Kilmore. The Western Ring Road at Mt. Bundy was constructed, and the Squadron undertook its second overseas deployment in as many years, starting the construction of headquarters and accommodation buildings in tropical Vanuatu. The Kapooka Chapel was also completed, providing valuable experience for many of the Squadron's tradesmen.

By 1994, the accommodation and headquarters project in Vanuatu was completed. The Squadron's second task of the year was constructing the 'Proof and Experiment' establishment at Port Wakefield, South Australia. Locally, the Squadron showcased its skills by building change rooms at Gymnasium No. 1 and refurbishing the Squadron's lecture room at the Red Rooster Inn.

In 1995, the Squadron participated in Exercise K95 in Katherine, NT, focusing on sharpening its combat capabilities. The Proof and Experimental establishment at Port Wakefield was completed during this year.

The year 1996 was notable for its extensive work on the new Camp Growl at SWBTA, a project described as "Ground Hog Day" due to its duration. This task tested the Squadron's plant and concreting skills, with significant slab construction and road improvements. The year concluded with the commencement of excavation for the Soldier's Chapel at Kapooka, NSW.

In 1997, the Squadron participated in Exercise Tandem Thrust along the Bruce Highway, with tasks including the construction of Turners Bridge, loading ramps at Camp Growl, and Samuel Hill airstrip. The year also saw the first Tonga detachment deployed to the South Pacific island, tasked with building a new headquarters facility at Taliai Camp for the Tongan Defence Force.

The year 1998 was dedicated to the Army Aboriginal Community Assistance Program (AACAP). The main trade element constructed several houses at Marthakal on Elcho Island, NT, while the plant element built a sewerage system on Bickerton Island, NT.

In 1999, the Squadron achieved notable successes, deploying on two overseas missions. The first was a return to Tonga to build a mess facility for Taliai Camp. Concurrently, the rest of the Squadron participated in Exercise Croc 99 at SWBTA, which included constructing two bridges, roadwork, and clearing RAAF bombing sites. The Squadron also deployed with the multinational peacekeeping force INTERFET to East Timor [7], where it focused on road repairs during the wet season and supported other units. The experience gained during this deployment was invaluable in enhancing the Squadron's combat capabilities [1].

6^th Engineer Support Regiment (2003-present)

In 2003, 21 Construction Squadron became part of the 6th Engineer Support Regiment. As a member of this formation, the Squadron remained stationed at Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, where it contributed to the development of buildings and infrastructure adjacent to the Regiment Headquarters. In 2011, the Squadron completed its relocation to Zabul Lines at RAAF Base Amberley, where it is currently based [8].

[image]

Above: Members of 21 Construction Squadron erecting the building frame for the Unit Training Facility nicknamed the “boozer”.

Recent operations and projects

The Middle East (2001-2021)

21 Construction Squadron played a significant role in the Australian Defence Force's (ADF) efforts in Afghanistan, particularly during the Third Phase of operations when the focus shifted towards reconstruction and mentoring under Operation Slipper. The Squadron was involved in various iterations of Reconstruction Taskforces, which were primarily tasked with conducting protected reconstruction operations in remote areas as part of a broader Dutch-led task force. These missions included developing health, education, and security infrastructure, such as constructing bridges at key river crossings in Uruzgan and neighbouring provinces. Additionally, several Squadron personnel were deployed to supplement Combat Engineer Regiment sappers with their technical expertise and construction skills [9]. The Squadron also contributed to Operation Highroad in Afghanistan, focusing on the train, advise, and assist mission, and deployed personnel to Iraq under Operation Okra.

Army Aboriginal Community Assistance Program (AACAP)

The Army Aboriginal Community Assistance Program (AACAP), initiated in 1997, is a joint effort between the National Indigenous Australians Agency (NIAA) and the Australian Army. The program aims to enhance the environmental health and living conditions of Indigenous Australians and support the National Agreement on Closing the Gap. Also known as Exercise Saunders, this initiative is named in honour of CAPT Reg Saunders MBE who was the first Indigenous Australian commissioned in the Australian Regular Army. Each year, AACAP collaborates with a remote community to focus on construction (improving infrastructure and facilities), health (augmenting local services and access), training (empowering community members and enhancing employability), and community engagement (facilitating mutual learning and benefits). Additionally, AACAP supports Army objectives through deployment and force projection. The program has successfully delivered various projects, including housing and subdivisions, road upgrades, sewerage treatment plants, airfield construction, health clinics, telecommunications infrastructure, school improvements, and potable water supply systems. Over the last decade, the involvement of the 19th Chief Engineer Works has expanded to include coordination of health and veterinary training, as well as employability skills programs, significantly improving health and living standards and creating Indigenous employment opportunities. 21 Construction Squadron has, along with its sister squadron 17^th Construction Squadron, been involved in many AACAPs over the years in various locations around Australia. Some examples are detailed below [10].

AACAP 2013 – South Australia

In 2013, 21 Construction Squadron undertook Exercise Saunders in two locations within South Australia. This deployment took place in Pukatja (Ernabella) in the APY Lands of South Australia and lasted approximately five months, with the main body deployed for about three months. The primary objectives included constructing three 3-bedroom houses, upgrading 900 meters of road, and enhancing the town’s water supply. The squadron was joined by 22 Construction Regiment, civilian contractors, and international collaborators from the Papua New Guinea Defence Force and the Tongan Defence Service.

In addition to these tasks, health and training initiatives were a major focus. Health teams provided dental care, including making dentures, and conducted fitness education. A training team refurbished a TAFE workshop and ran a 12-week Employability Skills program, which covered welding and basic mathematics. Cultural engagement was also a key aspect, with personnel experiencing local Aboriginal culture through guided walks and bush tucker tastings.

Later in the year, AACAP 2013 continued in Fregon (Kaltjiti), South Australia. The advance party arrived in May, and the main contingent by June. Construction projects included the Fregon Children and Family Centre, the refurbishment of the Fregon Community Church, and the establishment of Camp Birt, which featured improved water access and a new softball pitch. The training team successfully delivered trade and digital skills training, and camp life at Camp Birt was supported by various amenities and dignitary visits. This AACAP deployment was considered a success, showcasing the squadron's achievements in community support and construction capability.

AACAP 2017 – New South Wales

In 2017, 21 Construction Squadron undertook Ex Saunders in Toomelah, NSW, located approximately 350 km from RAAF Amberley. The advance party arrived in April 2017, with the main elements joining in June and redeployment conducted in December 2017.

Key achievements during this deployment included significant construction projects such as building a 1,300 square meter Town Hall for the Local Aboriginal Land Council, upgrading local roads including Rooster Road, refurbishing the local church, and enhancing football oval facilities with new change rooms and lighting. Health initiatives were notable, with daily dental and medical care provided in Toomelah and Boggabilla, along with physiotherapy, sports injury treatment, and veterinary services for pets. The squadron also delivered a range of training programs, offering nationally recognized qualifications in construction, hospitality, business, engineering, and first aid.

[image]Above: Toomelah Multi-Purpose Facility and refurbished church completed by members of 21 Construction Squadron.

Overall, the 2017 AACAP deployment in Toomelah greatly improved community infrastructure and health services, while also providing valuable skills training and experience for the squadron members.

AACAP 2019 – Western Australia

In 2019, 21 Construction Squadron was deployed to Jigalong, WA, located approximately 5,000 km from RAAF Base Amberley. The deployment, which lasted from May to September, included two rotations of 100 personnel each. The squadron’s key achievements encompassed the construction of a community gathering space, an ablutions block, and two large culverts to enhance access and mitigate the effects of the wet season on creek crossings. The health team, consisting of various medical professionals, provided essential care and veterinary support, improving local health services and reducing the need for community members to travel for medical treatment.

Additionally, the squadron delivered accredited and non-accredited training in construction, guiding, and healthy lifestyles, and supported local sports, including the Jigalong Eagles AFL team. The deployment demonstrated the squadron’s logistical capabilities by road, with a ten-day journey each way. The construction efforts were divided between 6 ESR and a civilian contractor, with the contractors managing specific tasks. The operation left a positive legacy in the Jigalong community through enhanced infrastructure, health support, and community engagement, while reinforcing partnerships with 6 ESR and other capabilities.

AACAP 2021 – Far North Queensland

In 2021, 21 Construction Squadron undertook a three-month deployment to Pormpuraaw in Far North Queensland. The squadron’s primary construction tasks included building a 20x12 metre Men’s Shed for community projects and social gatherings, and developing two 5-lot housing subdivisions to support future growth. Additional projects encompassed the construction of a memorial cenotaph, the erection of a "Welcome to Pormpuraaw" sign, and various other infrastructure improvements.

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Above: Multiple plant vehicles operating on a subdivision during AACAP 21.

The deployment also involved delivering health services, training in various trades, and providing professional development, which significantly enhanced the community’s infrastructure and wellbeing. This experience was valuable for Squadron members, offering practical skills in trade development and community support in a remote setting.

Humanitarian Aid & Disaster Relief

21 Construction Squadron has a notable history of providing aid during civil disasters both domestically and internationally. Notable instances of support include flood relief in Wentworth and Euston (August 1956), assistance during the Viscount crash at Mangalore (October 1964), and aid for the Yea bushfire emergency (1966). The Squadron was also involved in the Southern Aurora rail crash at Violet Town (1969), and again provided flood relief in Seymour and Nathalia (May 1974), where Sapper D.F. Hurley tragically lost his life when an assault boat capsized. Further assistance was given during the Orbost and Cann River bushfires (October 1980). Each year, the Squadron maintained "Fire Standby Teams" to respond promptly to bushfires on the Puckapunyal Range and other civil emergencies.

In addition to its emergency response efforts, 21 Construction Squadron has consistently supported charitable causes and community events. The Squadron has been active in charity appeals such as Legacy and the Red Cross, and has played a significant role in Anzac Day ceremonies across the region. On November 7, 1984, the Squadron was honoured with the Freedom of Entry to the Shire of Kilmore in recognition of its dedicated service [1]. More recent examples of the Squadron’s HADR tasks include:

Operation Queensland Flood Assist 2011

In early 2011, 21 Construction Squadron was deployed to assist with disaster recovery following the Queensland floods. Operating in Karalee and Grantham in the Lockyer Valley, the squadron provided essential support for community cleanup and recovery efforts. In Karalee, they used heavy equipment and manpower for cleanup operations. In Grantham, which had been severely impacted by an inland tsunami, the squadron’s Plant/Transport Troop was crucial in clearing debris, removing destroyed houses, and handling large machinery. The Resources Troop helped clear yards and remove rubbish, while 1 Troop conducted door-knocking and search tasks. The squadron’s contributions were recognized with a thank-you parade through Ipswich, acknowledging their significant role in the flood relief operations [15].

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Above: SPR Robbie Torrens, 21 Construction Squadron, assisting with the clean-up in Karralee, Ipswich, during Operation Queensland Flood Assist.

Operation Bushfire Assist and Operation Covid Assist – 2020

In early 2020, 21 Construction Squadron rapidly deployed in support of Operation Bushfire Assist in response to the 2019-20 Australian bushfire season. Focusing on the Glen Innes Region and providing critical supplementation and relief across various elements of 6 Engineer Support Regiment (6 ESR) throughout the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The squadron’s impact was felt across New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, and South Australia, as they carried out both vertical and horizontal construction tasks. Notably, Resources Troop made significant contributions on Kangaroo Island, where they supported local residents by providing essential water resources. Later in 2020, amid the complexities and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, 21 Construction Squadron shifted its focus from international engagements to managing training and supporting the Australian community. This pivot was in response to the evolving situation, aligning with the broader efforts of the Australian Defence Force and the wider community to address the impacts of the pandemic [16].

Operation Fiji Assist – 2020-2022

In late 2020, following Cyclone Yasa's devastation in Fiji, 21 Construction Squadron deployed as the Deployable Immediate Response Team (DIRT) to assist the Fijian people. Activated in December, the squadron boarded HMAS Adelaide on Christmas Eve [16]. During this deployment, they reconstructed Galoa Island Primary School and conducted water purification and distribution on Vanua Levu Island. Operation Fiji Assist was a key opportunity for the squadron to support Pacific communities and test their contingency operations capabilities. Concurrent with ongoing support to Northern New South Wales in 2022, the squadron began deploying elements to Lekutu, Fiji, for Construction Engineering Team Phase 2, where they further completed the reconstruction of two school buildings damaged by Cyclone Yasa [17].

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Above: 6 ESR sapper and RFMF soldier on a roof.

Operation Flood Assist 2022

From March to April 2022, 21 Construction Squadron, supported by elements from the 6th Engineer Support Regiment, deployed to Lismore, NSW, as part of the Whole of Government Response to the February floods. The squadron's tasks included debris clearance, building damage assessments, restoration of critical infrastructure, and trade support. Squadron members collaborated with local and state government officials, as well as civilian contractors. Squadron members also conducted waterway surveys to assess damage and debris [17].

The Red Rooster

21 Construction Squadron features the "Red Rooster" as its mascot. The mascot first appeared at sporting functions, and members may recall dyed white leghorns gracing the Puckapunyal fields during premiership games. Sergeant Les Brown, who served as the football team's masseur, is frequently seen in photographs with the Red Rooster standard. In the early 1960s, the Rooster appeared on the unit flag, and the current flag design, incorporating the Red Rooster as the official emblem, has been approved by the MGO [1].

Current Organisation

Various structural changes have occurred throughout the Squadron’s history however the main focus of providing construction capability to the wider Australian Army has not changed. Currently, the organisational structure includes a Squadron Headquarters (SHQ), a Squadron Works Office (SQN WKS), a Construction Troop (1 TP), a Plant Troop (PLT TP) & a Resources Troop (RES TP).

Squadron Headquarters & Works Office

The squadron is commanded by an MAJ (04) in the position of Officer Commanding (OC). They are typically supported by a CAPT (03) as 2^nd In Charge (2IC) and a WO2 (OR-8) in the position of Squadron Sergeant Major (SSM). The headquarters is typically assisted by several clerks and operations officers at various rank levels. The role of the SHQ is to command the construction effort in barracks and when deployed. The Works Office is commanded by a CAPT (03) in the position of Construction Officer (CONSTO) and is typically supported by several WO2s as Works Managers and other support staff. The Works Office plays a role in the planning and supervision of construction tasks. Its responsibilities encompass several key areas: reconnaissance and planning, which involves assessing the site and determining project requirements; project development and design, focusing on creating detailed plans and blueprints for construction; contracting and procurement, where it manages the selection and acquisition of necessary resources and services; and quality control (Level 3 QC), ensuring that all construction work meets established standards and specifications. Through these tasks, the Works Office ensures that construction projects are executed efficiently, meet all quality requirements, and align with the project's objectives.

Construction Troop

This Troop is typically led by a LT (02) or CAPT (03) in the role of Troop Commander and is supported by one or more SGTs (0R-6) as Troop Sergeants. The Construction Troop is tasked with a range of vertical construction duties essential to building development. Their responsibilities encompass the preparation of foundations through concreting to establish a stable base for structures. They are also involved in framing, which entails erecting the structural framework necessary for the building's integrity. The troop installs both internal and external cladding materials, which serve to protect and aesthetically enhance the building. In addition, they handle detailed finishing work including cabinetry installation, painting, and plastering to achieve a refined final appearance. The troop manages all aspects of plumbing, from potable water systems to grey and black water management. They also oversee electrical reticulation, ensuring the proper setup and distribution of internal and external electrical systems throughout the building.

Plant Troop

This Troop is typically led by a LT (02) in the role of Troop Commander and is supported by one or more SGTs (0R-6) as Troop Sergeants. The Plant Troop specializes in horizontal construction and supports various construction operations with several crucial tasks. Their primary responsibilities include constructing and maintaining unsealed roads and airfields, which involves building and preserving these surfaces without paving. They also clear minor obstacles that could hinder construction or use and perform essential earthworks, including excavation and land-moving tasks needed for various projects. In addition to horizontal construction, the Plant Troop provides vital support to vertical construction efforts. This includes crane operations for lifting and placing heavy materials, service trenching for laying utility services like water, sewage, and electrical systems, and site clearance and preparation to ready construction sites by removing debris and leveling the ground. They also handle building pad construction, creating stable, level areas for foundations. The troop’s quarry and large earthworks duties involve winning and loading fill, extracting and transporting earth materials for construction, conducting large-scale excavation and land-shaping tasks, and clearing significant obstacles that may impact extensive construction projects.

Resources Troop

This Troop is typically led by a Lieutenant (02) in the role of Troop Commander and is supported by a SGT (0R-6) as the Troop Sergeant. The Resources Troop is pivotal in supporting various construction and operational tasks by providing essential resources and services. They extract and process water and rock, including rock crushing and blasting, and source timber for construction projects. Their demolition work involves handling equipment and explosives for controlled demolitions. They also perform search and clearance operations to remove unexploded ordnance and other hazards. Additionally, the troop engages in minor civil and horizontal construction tasks, such as concreting, building culverts, and installing fences. They are responsible for establishing and maintaining operational camps, including Camp Birt, and conduct underwater operations for construction and maintenance through diving. They manage waste disposal from their activities and provide temporary bridging solutions to facilitate movement and logistics across obstacles.

Commanders

Officer Commanding:

No.	Rank	Name	Period	Remarks
1	MAJ	R.A. Venn	25 Jan 50 – 02 Jan 51	1st OC
2	MAJ	E. Dosseter	02 Jan 41 – 15 Feb 53
3	MAJ	K. Proctor	28 Jan 53 – 16 Jul 54
4	MAJ	G. Owens	10 Sep 54 – 12 Aug 56
5	CAPT	E.A. Deveson	27 Aug 56 – 21 Jan 60
6	MAJ	W.B. Lawson	19 Jan 60 – 19 Feb 61
7	MAJ	P.C. Gration	14 Feb 61 – 09 Aug 63
8	CAPT	L.H. Shaw	22 Aug 63 – 03 Feb 64	Admin Control
9	MAJ	E.A. McCloskey	02 Dec 63 – 04 Nov 65
10	MAJ	J.N Stein	21 Sep 65 – 31 Jul 68
11	MAJ	G.V. Brown	02 Aug 68 - 10 Jun 69
12	MAJ	AJ. Fittock	05 Jun 69 - Dec 71
13	MAJ	R.W. Fisher	Jan 72 - Aug 72
14	MAJ	D.R. Simmpkins	Jan 73 - Nov 73
15	MAJ	A.R. Black	Jan 74 - Mar 75
16	MAJ	A. J. Morton	Apr 75 - Jan 77
17	MAJ	J.S. Davey	Jan 77 - Dec 78
18	MAJ	R.H. Frisch	Dec 78 - Dec 80
19	MAJ	R. J. McKinnon	Dec 80 - Dec 82
20	MAJ	I.R. Grant	Dec 82 - Nov 84
21	MAJ	D.J. Martindale	Dec 84 - Dec 86
22	MAJ	A.G. Schmidt	Jan 87 - Dec 88
23	MAJ	W.A. Grice	Jan 89 - Dec 90
24	MAJ	P.J. Hutchinson	Jan 91-Oct 92
25	MAJ	J.P. Young	Oct 92 - Dec 94
26	MAJ	W.E. Budd	Jan 95 - Dec 96
27	MAJ	D.J. Buckley	Dec 96 - Dec 98
28	MAJ	N.D. Greet	Jan 99 – Dec 00
29	MAJ	I.R Cumming	Jan 01 – Dec 01
30	MAJ	D.R.C. Ellis	Jan 02 – Dec 03
31	MAJ	S.J. Gliddon	Jan 04 – Dec 05
32	MAJ	G.A Halstead	Jan 06 – Dec 07
33	MAJ	L.P.H. Rouwhorst	Jan 08 – Jan 10
34	MAJ	T.P. Kuffer	Jan 10 – Jan 12
35	MAJ	J.C. Dugdell	Jan 12 – Jan 14
36	MAJ	C.G. Sampson	Jan 14 – Jan 16
37	MAJ	J.L. Venz	Jan 16 – Dec 17
38	MAJ	D. Palmer	Jan 18 – Dec 19
39	MAJ	G.J. Stannard	Jan 20 – Dec 21
40	MAJ	B.J. Kuchel	Jan 22 – Dec 23
41	MAJ	A.F Lupke	Jan 24 - Present	Current OC

Squadron Sergeant Major:

No.	Rank	Name	Period	Remarks
1	WO2	W. M. Maguire	01 Feb 50 - 27 Mar 53	Acting SSM
2	WO2	J.N. McMenanim	24 Dec 53 - 29 Sep 55	1st SSM
3	T/WO2	G.W. Atkinson	14 May 56 - 13 Feb 57
4	WO2	M.C. MacGartney	20 Feb 57 - 19 Apr 59
5	WO1	E.H. Graham	13 Apr 59 - 24 Dec 59
6	WO2	R. Bee	25 Mar 60 - 13 Mar 61
7	WO1	M. Deverson	06 Mar 61 - 03 Sep 63
8	WO2	H.B. Ravenscroft	20 Sep 63- 11 Aug 71
9	WO1	C.A. Neumann	07 Dec 71 - 16 Jan 75
10	WO1	D.B. Bell	27 Feb 75 - 14 May 76
11	WO1	G.S. Biddlecombe	19 May 76 - 31 Aug 77
12	WO1	R.P. Janvrin	27 Aug 77 - 14 Dec 79
13	WO1	B.H. Nolan	19 Sep 79 - 23 Jul 80
14	WO1	J.P. Ryan	30 Jul 80 - 13 Dec 83
15	WO1	R.G. Thorbum	14 Dec 83 - 31 Jul 85
16	WO1	L.C. Shelley	01 Aug85 - 13 Jun 87
17	WO1	R. J. Raddatz	14 Jan 87 - 03 Jan 89
18	WO1	D.J. Hawkins	03 Jan 89 - Dec 90
19	WO1	K.J. Hughes	Dec 90 - Jan 93
20	WO1	D.J. Trenberth	Jan 93 - Dec 94
21	WO1	A.P. Smith	Dec 94 - Dec 97
22	WO1	A.R. Andrews	May 98 – Dec 00
23	WO1	B.L. White	Jan 01 – Dec 03
24	WO1	R. Rae	Jan 04 – Dec 05
25	WO1	D.A. Quirk	Jan 06 – Dec 07
26	WO1	C.K. Barnett	Jan 08 – Jan 10
27	WO1	R.R. Cotter	Jan 10 – Jan 12
28	WO1	W.T. Hay	Jan 12 – Jan 13
29	WO2	M.D Holzknecht	Jan 13 – Dec 14
30	WO2	G.J. Haddy	Jan 15 – Dec 16
31	WO2	D.A. Royle	Jan 17 – Dec 17
32	WO2	K. Williams	Jan 18 – Dec 19
33	WO2	A. Humphreys	Jan 20 – Dec 20
34	WO2	D.K. George	Jan 21 – Dec 21
35	WO2	M.A. Symmans	Jan 22 – Dec 23
36	WO2	D.G. Power	Jan 24 – Present	Current SSM

References

[1] Department of Defence (2000) 21 Construction Squadron Uniy History 1950-2000 (1 vols). 1st edn. Puckapunyal, VIC: Department of Defence (1).

[2] Taylor, C. (no date) Puckapunyal in throes of £4 mill, expansion, Trove. Available at: https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/279623569?searchTerm=%2221+Construction+Squadron%22 (Accessed: 09 September 2024).

[3] Ward, V. (2017) Early moem barracks construction, PIB NGIB HQ PIR Association. Available at: https://www.soldierspng.com/?page_id=2418 (Accessed: 09 September 2024).

[4] FESR War Memorial Foundation (no date) Indonesian Confrontation + Gallery, FESR War Memorial Foundation Inc. (Far East Strategic Reserve). Available at: https://fesrmemorial.org.au/indonesianconfrontation.html (Accessed: 09 September 2024).

[5] AWM (no date) 21 Construction Squadron, Australian War Memorial. Available at: https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/U53460 (Accessed: 10 September 2024).

[6] Greville, P.J. (2002) The Royal Australian Engineers 1945 to 1972: Paving the way Vol 4. Canberra: Corps Committee of the Royal Australian Engineers.

[7] Toohey, J. (2000) Interfet: Sappers join forces to rebuild East Timor - timor-leste, ReliefWeb. Available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/timor-leste/interfet-sappers-join-forces-rebuild-east-timor (Accessed: 10 September 2024).

[8] Jackson, Z. (2010) Soldiers move into new barracks, Courier Mail. Available at: https://reliefweb.int/report/timor-leste/interfet-sappers-join-forces-rebuild-east-timor (Accessed: 10 September 2024).

[9] Department of Defence (2012) ‘21st Construction Squadron’, Australian SAPPER Magazine.

[10] Army (2024) Indigenous engagement, Australian Army. Available at: https://www.army.gov.au/community/indigenous-engagement (Accessed: 10 September 2024).

[11] Department of Defence (2013) ‘21st Construction Squadron’, Australian SAPPER Magazine.

[12] Department of Defence (2017) ‘21st Construction Squadron’, Australian SAPPER Magazine.

[13] Department of Defence (2019) ‘21st Construction Squadron’, Australian SAPPER Magazine.

[14] Department of Defence (2021) ‘21st Construction Squadron’, Australian SAPPER Magazine.

[15] Department of Defence (2011) ‘21st Construction Squadron’, Australian SAPPER Magazine.

[16] Department of Defence (2020) ‘21st Construction Squadron’, Australian SAPPER Magazine.

[17] Department of Defence (2022) ‘21st Construction Squadron’, Australian SAPPER Magazine.