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Pittsburgh International Airport

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"PIT" redirects here. For other uses, see PIT (disambiguation).
Pittsburgh International Airport
File:PitAirportLogo.jpg
Summary
Airport typePublic / Military
OperatorAllegheny County Airport Authority
Serves Pittsburgh
LocationFindlay Township, Pennsylvania
Elevation AMSL1,204 ft / 367 m
Coordinates40°29′29″N 080°13′58″W / 40.49139°N 80.23278°W / 40.49139; -80.23278
WebsiteFlyPittsburgh.com
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
10R/28L 11,500 3,505 Concrete
10L/28R 10,502 3,201 Asphalt/Concrete
10C/28C 9,708 2,959 Asphalt/Concrete
14/32 8,101 2,469 Concrete
Helipads
Number Length Surface
ft m
H1 60 18 Concrete
Statistics (2006)
Passengers9,987,310
Aircraft operations235,264
Metric tonnes of cargo151,385,590
Sources: FAA[1], Airport website[2].

Pittsburgh International Airport (IATA: PIT, ICAO: KPIT, FAA LID: PIT), commonly shortened to PIT, is an international airport located in the Pittsburgh suburb of Findlay Township, approximately 20 miles (30 km) west of downtown Pittsburgh at Exit 6 of PA-60 (Future I-376) and the Northern Terminus of PA Turnpike 576 (Future I-576). It is owned and operated by the Allegheny County Airport Authority which also operates the Allegheny County Airport. PIT is primarily a passenger airport serving the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, providing 290 non-stop flights per day to 64 destinations via 31 airlines, but it also serves a role in air defense as well as general aviation and cargo flights.

Pittsburgh International is the second busiest passenger airport in Pennsylvania and 42nd busiest in the United States[3], serving 9,987,310 passengers in 2006 on 235,264 aircraft operations.[4] Until 2004, US Airways operated a major hub at Pittsburgh International. As of 2007, the airline remains PIT's largest carrier (handling 39 percent[5] of passengers), and the complex serves as a focus city for the airline. Southwest Airlines began service at the airport in May 2005 and is now the second largest airline in Pittsburgh with nonstop service to 7 destinations and more than 20 daily flights. Pittsburgh is also a hub for US Airways Express carriers Republic Airlines, and Trans States Airlines. The airport offers service to the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean.

Pittsburgh International Airport occupies more than 12,900 acres (45 km²), making it the fourth largest airport in the nation.[6] It is so large that both Chicago's O'Hare and Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson could comfortably fit within the airport's land area.

PIT has been frequently recognized for its quality in meeting travelers' needs. The OAG Worldwide listed the facility to its short list of the world's best airports for four consecutive years. The market research leader, JD Power and Associates named PIT among the top five airports in its two most recent customer satisfaction surveys. Conde Nast Traveler's Magazine named PIT among the best in the United States and in the world in its People's Choice Award.

History

File:Yaotdisplay.jpg
Yesterday's Airport of Tomorrow Display

Until the beginning of World War II, Moon Township, PA was mostly a rural agricultural area. It was too far from Pittsburgh to be considered the "suburb" that it is today. In the early 1920s, John A. Bell of Carnegie purchased a number of small farms in Moon and established a major commercial dairy farm on his 1,900 acres (8 km2) of land. He was bought out by Mr. and Mrs. E.E. Reick and C.F. Nettrour, owners of the established "Reick's" Dairy, who doubled the number of cattle at the farm.

By 1940, the United States was becoming involved in WWII. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) identified that the Pittsburgh area needed a military airport to defend the industrial wealth of the area, and provide a training base and stop-over facility. The agricultural expanses of Moon Township were attractive to the early airport planners in the city. The WPA bought the Bell Farm and began construction of the runways.

In 1944, Allegheny County officials proposed to expand the military airport with the addition of a commercial passenger terminal in order to relieve the Allegheny County Airport, which was built in 1926 and whose capacity was quickly becoming insufficient to support the growing demand for air travel. Ground was broken on the new airport on July 18, 1946. The new terminal building would eventually cost $33 million to build and was built exclusively by Pittsburgh-area companies. The new airport, christened as Greater Pittsburgh Airport (renamed Greater Pittsburgh International Airport in 1972 upon the opening of the International Arrivals Building) opened on May 31, 1952. The first flight occurred on June 3, 1952. In its full year of operation in 1953, over 1.4 million passengers used the terminal. At that time, "Greater Pitt" was considered "modern" and spacious. In fact, the airport was one of the largest in the United States, second only to Idlewild Airport (now JFK Airport) in New York.

Clock floor re-creation

The airport was designed by a local architect named Joseph W. Hoover. One of the primary features of his style is the use of simple, exposed concrete, steel, and glass materials. The terminal building was constructed in "stepped" levels: the first floor extended farther than the second, the second floor extended farther than the third, etc. Such a design meant that the uncovered roof of the lower level could then be used as an observation deck. In addition to the observation desks, the rounded "Horizon Room" was designed on the fourth floor with a commanding view of the airport runways. The interior of the terminal building was designed in the International Style, as was the exterior. One of the most memorable features of the lobby was the large compass laid in the floor with the green and yellow-orange terrazzo. The lobby also included shops and services for travelers. A mobile by Alexander Calder was another decorative feature of the lobby. The mobile currently hangs in the center core of the new airside terminal.

The first five airlines of the Greater Pittsburgh Airport were TWA, Capital Airlines (later part of United), Northwest, All American (later Allegheny Airlines, then USAir, and finally US Airways), and Eastern Airlines.

In 1959, the east dock was added to the terminal as air travel became more popular. On July 25, 1959, TWA introduced the first scheduled commercial jet service (Douglas DC- 8) to Pittsburgh. With the longer range of jet engines, international air travel was more practical. By 1969, the airport sought to become an "international" airport. Ground was broken for the new International Wing, west of the original terminal building, on July 8, 1970. The International Wing opened in 1972 to accommodate federal inspection services and other requirements for international travel. In that year, local newspapers advertised airline tickets to numerous places in Europe, the Caribbean, Japan, and Canada.

In 1972, rotundas were added to the end of each dock to further expand the number of gates at the terminal. In the later 1970s, significant growth in regional air travel created a need for additional gates at the terminal. In 1980, the South East Dock was opened. Even with all the expansions, the terminal could not meet the needs of modern air travel, and in 1987, with the financial backing of USAir (the most dominant carrier in Pittsburgh at the time), ground was broken on construction of a brand new terminal.

On October 1, 1992, the new Midfield Terminal opened and all operations transferred over from the old terminal overnight. (The old terminal remained standing for some years after, continuing to house a few operations offices; it was demolished in 1999.) The new terminal was equipped with numerous innovative, state-of-the-art features at the time, including an "AirMall" that featured shops for passengers to browse in, and "landside-airside" terminal construction which eliminated the need for connecting passengers to go through security again. The airport's capacity is one of its most valuable assets. A model to other airports around the world, the design of the terminal was planned to simplify aircraft movement on the airfield and ease pedestrian traffic to the gates.

The airport thrived through the 1990s, with USAir (later US Airways) maintaining its largest operations base at the airport, providing both passengers with easy connections through the state-of-the-art terminal and the Pittsburgh region with a large number of jobs. The downturn in the economy at the start of the 21st century and the September 11th attacks, however, put US Airways (and the air travel industry in general) in severe financial trouble, and the airline announced in 2004 that it would be substantially reducing its operations at Pittsburgh by shifting its primary hub to Philadelphia. By 2005, the airline had only about 170 flights per day to and from Pittsburgh, most of them domestic, compared with 400-500 before the reduction, including many international flights.

The airport has seen greatly reduced traffic due to US Airways' cutbacks. The airport's operator, the Allegheny County Airport Authority, has attempted to attract new service to the airport--low-cost and international carriers in particular--in hopes of bringing more passengers, with some success. In 2003, USA 3000 Airlines began service to Florida and has recently expanded to include international destinations in the Caribbean. In 2004, AirTran Airways began service, which brought competition to the Atlanta market and broke US Airways' monopoly on Orlando. Southwest Airlines began service to Pittsburgh in May 2005, and the company broke US Airways's monopolies on Tampa, Phoenix, Las Vegas, and Philadelphia and brought more competition to the Chicago and Orlando markets. JetBlue Airways began service on June 30, 2006. JetBlue broke US Airways' monopoly on Boston and brought more competition to the New York market. Myrtle Beach Direct Air also began service in March 2007 and broke US Airways's monopoly on Myrtle Beach. The Allegheny County Airport Authority is also looking to re-establish service to Europe after US Airways ended service to London, Paris, and Frankfurt in 2004. The most likely destination would be Amsterdam.[7]

US Airways announced plans to reduce mainline flying in January 2008 from 31 to 22 daily flights, focusing on customers' preferred destinations, as the airline continues to maximize the financial stability of its Pittsburgh operation. As part of the new schedule, regional flying to smaller cities is expected to be reduced from 77 to 46 daily flights.[8] CEO Doug Parker stated "unfortunately our ability to operate profitably from Pittsburgh has been sharply eroded over the past few years and the hub lost more than $40 million over the past 12 months alone." [9]

Passenger complex

The airport complex consists of two main buildings, the "Landside Terminal" and the "Airside Terminal."

Landside Terminal

Pittsburgh's Landside Terminal

The landside terminal is the building closest to the parking areas and the entry point for passengers whose flights originate from Pittsburgh. It includes ticketing, 11 baggage claim areas (6 for US Airways alone),[10] security checkpoints, and ground transportation such as taxi, limo, and rapid transit. There is a Hyatt Regency Hotelattached to the enclosed moving walkway. There are also shops in the landside terminal including Au Bon Pain, Travelmart, Sue Venir, City of Bridges Cafe, and a baggage claim Travelmart. There are Travelers Aid desks on the transit and baggage claim levels as well as Airport Police Headquarters.

After passing through the security checkpoint, passengers board one of two underground people movers that travel to the airside terminal, where all departure gates are located. It was built and operated by Bombardier Transportation and is completely controlled by computer (there is no driver onboard).

Airside Terminal

"Pittsburgh" mobile in center core

The airside terminal consists of 4 concourses (A, B, C, D) that hold the departure gates.[11] In the center core is the majority of the Airmall shops (there are over 100 shops including GAP, Swarovski, Brighton Collectibles, Brooks Brothers, Body Shop, Godiva, Victoria's Secret, Sam Adams Brewery, Lids, Ben & Jerry's, PGA Tour Shop, GNC, Brookstone, Charley's Steakhouse and Eckerd's). On the mezzanine level are the US Airways Club and a chapel. There are also Carnegie Science Center and Pittsburgh Aviation History Displays located throughout the airport.

Airline lounges

US Airways has their US Airways Club on the mezzanine level of the airside terminal.[12] It is accessible by escalators in the center core area. Before a post 9/11 restructure of routes (dehubbing PIT), US Airways had three clubs. The other two clubs were located down the A and B concourses. British Airways also had a lounge area in the C concourse during their transatlantic flight operations from Pittsburgh (1980s to late 1990s). Their lounge room is still there intact but now closed off.

Parking

Pittsburgh International offers on site parking operated by the Grant Oliver Corporation and patrolled by the Allegheny County Police. Grant Oliver offers usage of a GO FAST Pass account to pay for parking electronically at the airport. Go Fast Pass customers may register their E-Zpass transponders to use with the system, although billing and other aspects of the system are entirely handled by Grant Oliver.[13] There are regular parking shuttles to the Long Term and Extended lots[14] that can be accessed from the Baggage Claim level of the Landside Terminal outside doors six and eight.

There are three options for parking: Short Term, Long Term, and Extended. The Short Term garage is attached to the Landside Terminal via the enclosed moving walkway. There are 2,100 spaces available. The Long Term section also quick access to the enclosed moving walkway. There are 3,100 spaces available here. The Extended section does not have access to the enclosed moving walkway but does have regular parking shuttles that can be accessed from the Baggage Claim level of the Landside Terminal outside doors six and eight. There are 8,000 spaces available in the Extended lot.[15]

Terminals, airlines, and destinations

Pittsburgh International Airport has 75 gates on 4 concourses:

Concourse A

Gate A5 (Southwest), April 2007

Concourse A has 25 gates: A1 - A25

  • Southwest Airlines - Gates A1, A3, & A5 (Baltimore/Washington, Chicago-Midway, Las Vegas, Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Tampa)
  • US Airways - Gates A2, A4, A6-A25

Concourse B

Beginning of Concourse B, April 2007
Gate C54 (AirTran), April 2007

Concourse B has 25 gates: B26 - B50

  • US Airways - Gates B26-B50 (Boston [ends January 6], Charlotte, Chicago-O'Hare [ends January 6], Denver [ends January 6], Fort Lauderdale, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New York-LaGuardia, Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Francisco, Tampa, Washington-Reagan)
    • US Airways Express operated by Republic Airlines (Boston, Charlotte, Chicago-O'Hare [ends January 6], Hartford/Springfield, Indianapolis, Newark, Philadelphia, Washington-Reagan)

Concourse C

Concourse C has 11 gates: C51 - C61

All international arrivals, except for Canadian cities with U.S. border preclearance, pass through Concourse C as customs and immigration is located on the lower level of the concourse. Concourse C is also the smallest concourse with only 11 gates.

Concourse D

Concourse D has 14 gates: D76 - D89

Beginning of Concourse D, April 2007

Concourse E

Demolished arm of the E gates

Concourse E had 22 gates: E1 - E22

Concourse E was a passenger terminal area connected to the airport's landside building and was formerly used for quick access to US Airways Express commuter aircraft. Following cuts in service by US Airways, all Concourse E gates have been closed to air traffic. A portion of the concourse has been demolished to make way for a new baggage sorting facility for US Airways and Southwest Airlines, while the remaining portion of the concourse is used as an alternative security checkpoint. This additional checkpoint helps alleviate long lines at the airport's main airside checkpoint during peak travel times.

Getting there

Highway connections

Pittsburgh International is located at Exit 6 of Pennsylvania Route 60 (future I-376) and the Northern Terminus Pennsylvania Route 576 (future I-576), and within 10 miles (20 km) of I-79 and 15 miles (24 km) of I-76 the Pennsylvania Turnpike. I-70 to the south and I-80 to the north are both less than an hour away.

Public transit

Bus service is also available from Downtown Pittsburgh and the city's University District (Oakland) via Port Authority's 28X Route as well as from the suburban BCTA Transit to locations north and westbound.

RouteTitleAreas Served
Airport Flyer
28X Universities, Downtown Pittsburgh, PIT Robinson Town Centre, Duquesne Incline, Pittsburgh. Duquesne University, Chatham University, University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University
BCTA
#6 Rochester, PIT, Robinson Mall Rochester, Hopewell, PIT, Robinson Town Centre, Robinson Mall

Innovations

Pittsburgh International has also been the first in the world in several key innovations.

Wi-Fi

Free Wi-Fi throughout a passenger terminal was introduced to world air travelers first at Pittsburgh International, a service that has been copied by several airports and airline terminals throughout the world since.[16] Hand in hand with its technology prowess Pittsburgh also became the first airport in the world to offer fare alert emails.[17] The airport innovated proactive emails on airfare discounts by carrier and destination weekly, proving very successful it was recognized by the Airports Council International for Excellence in Marketing and Communications in 2007 as first place in North America [3]. Using another blessing of Wi-Fi technology, Pittsburgh International Airport also helped to innovate electronic parking at airports nationwide with its GoFastPass system - a system similar to E-Zpass.[18]

AirMall Concept

File:AIRMALL logo.gif
Airmall Logo

The airmall at the airport also provided several world's firsts in both featuring fair "street prices" to wary air travelers and being the first major and diverse shopping center located within an airport terminal when it opened in 1992 with over 100 name brand retailers.[19] Along with this concept Pittsburgh became the first airport to have two Xpress Spas in its retail area.

Service

Pittsburgh International was also the first airport in the Northeast and Midwest to offer service on both major discount carriers JetBlue Airways and Southwest Airlines.[20][21]. PIT was one of the first airports to deploy dozens of portable defibrillators,[22] and developed the first volunteer ambassador program.[23][24]. As of 2007 PIT became one of the first airport pilot programs (post 9/11) to allow guests at the airport hotel to have terminal access to the Airmall. Guests at the Hyatt Regency wishing to use this service must request a pass at the front desk and they will contact the proper authority to get them a security pass. Those wishing to do so still have to go through the security checkpoint.[25] Pittsburgh International has also shown excellence among carrier networks. Southwest Airlines has named its Pittsburgh base as the best in its system for 2006 [4], in its first full year of service at PIT. Among the factors in the award is on-time performance and efficent baggage service, two areas where the airport in general excels.

Aviation

Airport maintenance has also claimed world firsts for Pittsburgh International, developing one of the best winter weather operations in the nation with its unique front and rear deicing fleets and embedded runway sensors. The first use of the front discharge spray bars during winter weather was at Pittsburgh.[26] This innovative spirit among airport ground maintenance crews coupled with the abundance of runways and lengths, has given Pittsburgh the reputation in the industry as one of the few airports free of weather or winter delays. Pittsburgh International also is unique as being scheduled as the first "Joint Readiness Center",[27]

Runways

FAA Airport Diagram of KPIT

Pittsburgh International's airfield features a wide, open layout and four runways, including three east-west parallel runways and a fourth crosswind runway. This allows for the efficient flow of air traffic in nearly any wind condition. The airport's two longest runways are 11,500 and 10,500 feet (3,200 m) in length, allowing PIT to accommodate even the largest of commercial aircraft. Further, with the availability of land surrounding the airport, PIT can add up to four additional runways as needed.

With the availability of three parallel runways, simultaneous landings or departures can be performed in nearly any situation.[28] Runways 10R and 10L are equipped with Category III ILS (Instrument Landing System). 28R, 28L, and 32 have Category I ILS and 10C/ 28C has LOC/ GS.

Additional operations

Air Force

Pittsburgh International, as a primarily commercial complex, may not strike the average flyer as a site rich in military aviation tradition. Founded as a military base to answer the regions defense needs during World War II, the complex continues its Air Force legacy in reduced but still visible ways. Pittsburgh International continues to serve as the headquarters for two Air Force units (911th Airlift Wing on its northeastern side, and the 171st Air Refueling Wing), and the home base for the Pennsylvania Air National Guard. The airport hosts an average of 20 military flight operations per day in its role as host to the region's defense center. Although the Air Reserve and Air National Guard maintain a great presence on that corner of the complex, the shuttering of some of the Air Force facilities in recent decades has led to the growth of a new tenant for that equipment at Pittsburgh. The FAA has taken over much of the excess cold-war era infrastructure that the Air Guard and Reserve no longer needs, making Pittsburgh recently an important regional center for the agency. Pittsburgh's military heritage is also rekindled each summer as the complex hosts one of the largest air shows on the east coast, "Wings over Pittsburgh". Roughly 200,000 spectators attended the two-day show in 2005.[29] The military end of the airport complex has also been mentioned as the best relocation site for the region's PX. The 2008 scheduled closing of nearby Camp Raymond E. Kelley and its PX has brought PIT the opportunity to host the facility on its military side.

General aviation

The new Business Aviation Center (FBO Avcenter), located at the site of the former airport terminal building, is a modern and full service facility for management of corporate air travel and general aviation. This area is accessible by using Business 60 near Moon Township.[30]

Cargo

The airport's nine cargo carriers account for over 200 million lbs (90 million kg) of freight per year.[31] Three cargo buildings provide more than 183,000 sq ft (17,000 m²) of warehouse capacity and over 450,000 sq ft (42,000 m²) of apron space.

The following major cargo airlines have regular cargo service to and from Pittsburgh International Airport. Multiple destinations are served, the usual ones are noted:

  • DHL (Wilmington (OH))
  • FedEx (Columbus-Rickenbacker, Indianapolis, Memphis, Newark)
  • UPS (Louisville, Philadelphia)

Fire school

The Allegheny County Airport Authority Fire Bureau operates a next-generation, state of the art Aircraft Rescue Fire Fighting (ARFF) Training Center.

As an FAA regional training facility it comes equipped with a Boeing 757 mock-up offering realistic and challenging training. The simulated tail engine offers ARFF personnel critical high engine training scenarios. Adjacent to the first-training simulator is a four-story tower that houses the Computer Center ensuring consistent repeatable evolutions for each trainee and allows training to be conducted with the utmost safety of participants in mind. Being well within the airport boundary and designed to be in an area that minimizes distractions, the classrooms, management center, vehicle bay, trainee/equipment support areas and visitors center are located directly adjacent to the training grounds. This layout maximizes training time for students. The use of propane and control of water run-off combine to reduce environmental impact while providing quality occupational education for fire fighters, emergency responders and industrial personnel. [32]

The year round training facility offers specialized sessions in cold climate training evolutions. The system is propane fueled and computer controlled. It features a number of burn scenarios including:

  • 12,280-square-foot (1,141 m2) fuel spill burn area
  • Wing engine fire
  • Wheel/brake fire
  • Gallery fire
  • Cockpit fire
  • Passenger Compartment fire
  • Lavatory/Trash Receptacle fire
  • Flashover simulation.

Fictional portrayals

The Pittsburgh International Airport has hosted major Hollywood productions, including:

Aircraft accidents at PIT

  • November 22, 2001 a corporate Learjet crashed after a rapid takeoff in which it went "nose-high" before the pilot lost control, both on board were killed.
  • September 8, 1994 USAir Flight 427, a 737-300, crashed on approach from Chicago O'Hare International Airport. All 132 people on board were killed. It resulted in the longest and most thorough NTSB investigation in world history. It was determined that a lock occurred in rudder control that caused the plane to fall uncontrollably from 6,000 feet (1,800 m). Boeing has retrofitted every 737 because of the data gathered from this crash. The plane crashed roughly 10 miles (20 km) North-Northwest in Hopewell Township.
  • April 1, 1956 A TWA flight to Newark crashed about a half mile after taking off when the pilot and co-pilot did not immediately correct a small engine malfunction/fire. Due to miscommunication and lack of focus it caused failure and a crash. 22 of 36 occupants were killed [5].

References

  1. ^ FAA Airport Form 5010 for PIT PDF, effective 2007-03-15
  2. ^ FlyPittsburgh.com, FlyPittsburgh.com
  3. ^ 2005 North America Final Traffic Report : Total Passengers
  4. ^ Pittsburgh International Airport Summary of Traffic
  5. ^ http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/business/s_527588.html
  6. ^ About.com: Pittsburgh International Airport
  7. ^ http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07235/811430-28.stm
  8. ^ http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/071003/law074.html?.v=101
  9. ^ http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2007/10/03/ap4184574.html
  10. ^ http://www.pitairport.com/AirportGuideServlet?action=baggage
  11. ^ http://www.pitairport.com/AirportGuideServlet?action=complete
  12. ^ http://www.usairways.com/awa/content/traveltools/club/locations.aspx#pit
  13. ^ http://www.grantoliver.com/go_fast_pass.html
  14. ^ http://www.pitairport.com/ParkingServlet
  15. ^ http://www.pitairport.com/ParkingServlet
  16. ^ Wireless computer users rush to take advantage of free access, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (2004-02-26)
  17. ^ Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (2004-01-09
  18. ^ [1]
  19. ^ New 'cities' springing up around many U.S. airports "USA Today" (2003-09-25)
  20. ^ http://www.southwest.com/travel_center/routemap_dyn.html?ref=wwf_fgn
  21. ^ http://www.jetblue.com/wherewefly/
  22. ^ Pittsburgh International Airport launches AED program, National Center for Early Defibrillation (2001-06-11)
  23. ^ http://www.flypittsburgh.com/AboutUsServlet?option=pit_ambasprog
  24. ^ Airport ambassadors deploy to assist domestic travelers, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (2005-08-27)
  25. ^ [2]
  26. ^ http://www.grounds-mag.com/snow_ice/2001_august_takeoff/
  27. ^ Joint readiness center, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (2005-08-27)
  28. ^ http://www.faa.gov/ats/asc/publications/CAPACITY/PIT.pdf
  29. ^ http://www.wingsoverpittsburgh.com
  30. ^ http://www.avports.com/pages/fbo_avcenters/fbo_pit.html
  31. ^ Pittsburgh International Airport: Fact Sheet
  32. ^ http://www.flypittsburgh.com/AboutUsServlet?option=pit_fireschool
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