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2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections

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The 2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections will be the 36th lower house (or sole house) elections in the Philippines. The election is scheduled to be held on May 9, 2022.

The election will be held concurrently with the 2022 presidential, Senate and local elections. A voter has two votes in the House of Representatives: one for the congressional district, and one for party-list. Parties of leading presidential candidates are expected to stand candidates in many districts. In the outgoing 18th Congress, there are 243 congressional districts. Districts that were created belatedly in the 2019 elections, the 1st and 2nd districts of Southern Leyte, and the lone district of General Santos, will be contested for the first time in this election. Other districts may be created prior to the election.

As there are at least 245 districts, there shall be 61 seats, or at least 20% of the seats, disputed in the party-list election. The party-list election is done on a nationwide, at-large basis, separate and distinct from the election from the congressional districts.

Background

Main article: 18th Congress of the Philippines

In the 18th Congress of the Philippines, the parties supporting President Rodrigo Duterte disputed the speakership, Alan Peter Cayetano of the Nacionalista Party, Lord Allan Jay Velasco of PDP–Laban, and the National Unity Party's (NUP) Paolo Duterte emerged as the front-runners to be Speaker. The president pushed for a term-sharing agreement between Cayetano and Velasco, with Cayetano serving from July 2019 to October 2020, then Velasco serving until 2022. The younger Duterte disapproved of term-sharing, though. Cayetano was elected Speaker in July 2019.[1]

By March 2020, Cayetano allegedly met with representatives from the Nacionalistas and the NUP to consolidate support for his tenure as speaker. This allegedly involved declaring the position of Speaker vacant. and with Cayetano having enough votes to be reelected, override the original agreement in order to remain in position for the rest of the congressional term. Cayetano, when asked about this, said "I cannot predict what’s going to happen sa (on the) floor which can happen anytime and any member can make any motion."[2]

Electoral system

The Philippines uses parallel voting for its lower house elections. For this election, there shall be 306 seats in the House; 245 of these are district representatives, and 61 are party-list representatives. Philippine law mandates that there should be one party-list representative for every four district representatives. District representatives are elected under the plurality voting system from single-member districts. Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% "soft" election threshold, with a 3-seat cap. The party in the party-list election with the most votes usually wins three seats, the other parties with more than 2% of the vote two seats, and the parties with less than 2% of the vote winning a seat each if the 20% quota is not met.

Campaigning for elections from congressional districts seats are decidedly local; the candidates are most likely a part of an election slate that includes candidates for other positions in the locality, and slates may comprise different parties. The political parties contesting the election make no attempt to create a national campaign.[citation needed]

Party-list campaigning, on the other hand, is done on a national scale. Parties usually attempt to appeal to a specific demographic. Polling is usually conducted for the party-list election, while pollsters may release polls on specific district races. In district elections, pollsters do not attempt to make forecasts on how many votes a party would achieve, nor the number of seats a party would win; they do attempt to do that in party-list elections, though.[citation needed]

District changes

Currently, two new districts will be disputed in the election, with the now defunct Southern Leyte's at-large congressional district being split into two:[3]

It will also be the first election for Davao de Oro in that name, after the successful renaming plebiscite in 2019 from "Compostela Valley".[4]And is also for the Legislative district of Santa Rosa in Laguna and the Legislative district of Mandaue in Cebu

As there shall be 245 districts in the election to date, and that party-list seats shall be 20% of the seats in the chamber, there shall be 61 seats to be disputed under the party-list system. If there are 248 districts, there shall be 62 party-list seats.

Other districts may be created by Congress before the election. The following reapportionment bills have been passed the House of Representatives, and is now pending on the Senate:

Other bills have not passed through 1st reading.

Retiring and term-limited incumbents

The following are "third-termers", who are term limited. Others may retire or opt to run for other positions in 2022.

Marginal seats

These are the marginal seats that had a winning margin of 5% or less, in ascending order.

District Incumbent Party 2019 margin
Manila–5th Cristal Bagatsing PDP–Laban 0.83%
Dinagat Islands Alan Ecleo PDP–Laban 0.92%
Pangasinan–5th Ramon Guico III Lakas 1.42%
Masbate–1st Narciso Bravo, Jr. NUP 1.45%
Misamis Occidental–1st Diego Ty NUP 1.92%
Ifugao Solomon Chungalao NPC 1.95%
Ilocos Sur–2nd Kristine Singson-Meehan Bileg 2.10%
Camarines Sur–2nd Luis Raymund Villafuerte Nacionalista 2.18%
Iligan Frederick Siao Nacionalista 2.27%
Batanes Ciriaco Gato, Jr. NPC 2.50%
Lanao del Sur–2nd Yasser Balindong Lakas 2.73%
Manila–2nd Rolando Valeriano NUP 2.77%
Eastern Samar Maria Fe Abunda PDP–Laban 3.11%
Zamboanga del Sur–2nd Leonardo Babasa, Jr. PDP–Laban 3.45%
Pangasinan–1st Arnold Celeste Nacionalista 3.79%
Bohol–3rd Kristine Alexie Besas-Tutor Nacionalista 4.00%
Makati–1st Romulo Peña, Jr. Liberal 4.20%
Nueva Ecija–4th Maricel Natividad-Nagaño PRP 4.59%
Davao de Oro–2nd* Ruwel Peter Gonzaga PDP–Laban 5.00%

*Contested as Compostela Valley–2nd in 2019.

References

  1. ^ Gascon, DJ Yap, Marlon Ramos, Melvin. "Cayetano sees House of the People; Sotto vows Senate independence". newsinfo.inquirer.net. Retrieved 2020-06-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Cepeda, Mara. "Is there a House coup or is Cayetano just out to scrap term-sharing with Velasco?". Rappler. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
  3. ^ Arnaiz, Jani (December 17, 2019). "Rep. Mercado proclaimed as Congressman for lone District of Southern Leyte". The Reporter. Archived from the original on December 25, 2019. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  4. ^ Balasbas, Rhommel (December 9, 2019). "Compostella (sic) Valley tatawagin nang Davao de Oro" [Compostela Valley now to be called Davao de Oro]. Radyo Inquirer 990 AM (in Filipino). Retrieved December 9, 2019.
  5. ^ "Rodriguez, San Mateo congressional districts created". Manila Bulletin News. Retrieved 2020-06-04.
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