She'r-e Nimaa'i
She'r-e Nimaa'i (Persian: شعر نیمایی, lit. 'Nima poetry') is a school of Modernist poetry in Iran that is derived from the literary theory of Nima Yooshij, a contemporary Iranian poet. Nima Yoshij revolutionized the stagnant atmosphere of Iranian poetry with the influential collection Afsaneh, which was the manifesto of She'r-e Nimaa'i. He consciously challenged all the foundations and structures of ancient Persian poetry. The nature of Mazandaran, social criticism, and humor are just a few examples of the themes that Nima Yoshij used in his poems.[1] She'r-e Nimaa'i was the source of inspiration and growth of many great modern Iranian poets, including Sohrab Sepehri[2], Forough Farrokhzad[3], Mehdi Akhavan-Sales[4] and Fereydoun Moshiri[5].
She'r-e Nimaa'i has a special place in modern Iranian poetry. It was used for the first colloquial language in Iranian poetry. The shutters became shorter and longer, and a new look was taken at the poem. Although many criticisms were leveled at Nima Yoshij at the beginning, the She'r-e Nimaa'i school of poetry was eventually adopted and grew rapidly.[6]
Afsaneh, Manifesto of She'r-e Nimaa'i
In 1923, Nima Yoshij published the She'r-e Nimaa'i Manifesto, a long poem with 103 verses called Afsaneh that contained all the features of She'r-e Nimaa'i.[7]
Shams Langroudi describes the characteristics of She'r-e Nimaa'i as follows:
- The type of free lyric in which the poet has achieved a form of earthly mysticism.
- A long, rhythmic system in which the rhyme problem is solved with a free shutter after all four shutters.
- The poet's attention to tangible realities and at the same time his emotional and poetic attitude towards objects.
- The difference between the poet's view and the poets of the past and its novelty and distance from imitation.
- Its closeness, in the light of the form of colloquial expression, to dramatic literature.
- The free journey of the poet's imagination in it.
- Telling the story of the poet's heartlessness and failures, which is subtly linked to the fate of society and his time.[8]
The lyrical and wavy spirit of the "Afsaneh" and the length and detail of the narrative and dramatic work make the critic seem to have a military effect on Nima Yooshij's actions and thought more than anything else. "Afsaneh" was one of the first narrative poems of Nima Yoshij, which consisted of two complete narratives and a number of fragmentary narratives. "Afsaneh" is not a single narrative; Rather, it is an argument between two sides of the dialogue that in some discourse essays, a story is narrated by mentioning a memory. For the first time in Iranian poetry, "Afsaneh" was very far from its predecessors in terms of form and content; Especially Nima Yoshij's great innovation in how to present personal intentions.[9]
Notes and references
[[Category:Poetry movements]] [[Category:Nima Yooshij]]
- ^ Rezapour, Sara. "Linguistic features of Nimai poetry". Journal of Lyrical Literature (Persian Language and Literature). 6: 67–82.
- ^ Ghasemi, Mahsa. "A comparative study of semantic inclusion in the poems of Sohrab Sepehri and Nima Yoshij". Journal of Facial Language. 12: 54–60.
- ^ Potkchi, Samira. "A Study of the Poetic Images of Nima Yoshij and Forough Farrokhzad Relying on Objectivism and Individualism". The Second International Symposium on New Research in Language and Literature. 5: 45–60.
- ^ Parsa, Seyyed Muhammad. "Comparison of social symbolism in the poems of Nima Yoshij and Mehdi Akhavan Sales after the coup of August 19, 1953". Journal of Literary Text Studies. 71: 32–40.
- ^ Reyhani, Soolmaz (2014). Love in Nimai Poetry (based on the poems of Nima Yoshij, Fereydoon Moshiri, Sohrab Sepehri, Houshang Ebtehaj and Forough Farrokhzad). p. 93.
- ^ Omid Ali, Hojjatullah. "Symbolism Analysis in Nimai Poetry (Case Study of Poems of Five Poets)". Literary Aesthetics Journal. 30: 97–111.
- ^ Langeroodi, Shams (1998). An Analytic History of Persian Modern Poetry. Vol. 1. ISBN 9789643053598.
- ^ An Analytic History of Persian Modern Poetry, p. 34-40
- ^ Karimi, Farzad. "Narrative of Signs in "Afsaneh" by Nima Yoshij". Journal of Textology of Persian Literature. 2: 109–127.