폴 밀그럼: 두 판 사이의 차이

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2023년 12월 16일 (토) 01:58 기준 최신판

폴 로버트 밀그럼(Paul Robert Milgrom, 1948년 4월 20일 ~ )은 미국의 경제학자이다. 1987년부터 스탠퍼드 대학교의 인문과학교수로 재직 중이다. 밀그럼은 게임 이론, 특히 경제 이론과 가격 결정 전략의 전문가이다. 2020년에 경매 이론의 개선과 새 경매 형식의 발명에 대한 공로로 로버트 B. 윌슨과 함께 노벨 경제학상을 수상했다.^[1]^[2]

낸시 스토키와 공동으로 무거래 정리(no-trade theorem)를 개발하였다. 여러 기업들의 공동 설립자이기도 한데, 그 기업들 중 가장 최근의 것으로는 옥셔노믹스(Auctionomics)가 있으며^[3] 상업 경매와 거래소를 위한 소프트웨어와 서비스를 제공한다.

저서

Milgrom, Paul (1979a). 《The Structure of Information in Competitive Bidding》. New York: Garland Press. (Ph.D. Dissertation)
Milgrom, Paul (1979b). “A Convergence Theorem for Competitive Bidding with Differential Information”. 《Econometrica》 47 (3): 679–88. doi:10.2307/1910414. JSTOR 1910414.
Milgrom, Paul (1981a). “An Axiomatic Characterization of Common Knowledge” (PDF). 《Econometrica》 49 (1): 219–222. doi:10.2307/1911137. JSTOR 1911137.
Milgrom, Paul (1981b). “Rational Expectations, Information Acquisition, and Competitive Bidding”. 《Econometrica》 49 (4): 921–943. doi:10.2307/1912511. JSTOR 1912511.
Milgrom, Paul (1981c). “Good News and Bad News: Representation Theorems and Applications”. 《Bell Journal of Economics》 12 (2): 380–91. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.465.6331. doi:10.2307/3003562. JSTOR 3003562.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1982). “Limit Pricing and Entry Under Incomplete Information: An Equilibrium Analysis” (PDF). 《Econometrica》 50 (2): 443–59. doi:10.2307/1912637. JSTOR 1912637.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John Roberts (1982). “Predation, Reputation, and Entry Deterrence” (PDF). 《Journal of Economic Theory》 27 (2): 280–312. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(82)90031-X. ISSN 0022-0531.
Milgrom, Paul; Stokey, Nancy (1982). “Information, Trade and Common Knowledge” (PDF). 《Journal of Economic Theory》 26 (1): 17–27. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(82)90046-1.
Milgrom, Paul; Weber, Robert (1982a). “The Value of Information in a Sealed Bid Auction” (PDF). 《Journal of Mathematical Economics》 10 (1): 105–14. doi:10.1016/0304-4068(82)90008-8. hdl:10419/220822. ISSN 0304-4068.
Milgrom, Paul; Weber, Robert (1982b). “A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding”. 《Econometrica》 50 (5): 1089–1122. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.186.4633. doi:10.2307/1911865. JSTOR 1911865.
Kreps, David; Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John; Wilson, Robert (1982). “Rational Cooperation in the Finitely‑Repeated Prisoners' Dilemma” (PDF). 《Journal of Economic Theory》 27 (2): 245‑252. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(82)90029-1.
Engelbrecht-Wiggans, R.; Milgrom, Paul R.; Weber, Robert J. (1983). “Competitive bidding and proprietary information” (PDF). 《Journal of Mathematical Economics》 11 (2): 161–169. doi:10.1016/0304-4068(83)90034-4. 2020년 10월 18일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 10월 17일에 확인함.
Milgrom, Paul (1984). “Axelrod's "The Evolution of Cooperation"”. 《The RAND Journal of Economics》 15 (2): 305–309. doi:10.2307/2555683. JSTOR 2555683.
Milgrom, Paul; Weber, Robert (1985). “Distributional Strategies for Games with Incomplete Information” (PDF). 《Mathematics of Operations Research》 10 (4): 619–32. doi:10.1287/moor.10.4.619. hdl:10419/220788.
Glosten, Larry; Milgrom, Paul (1985). “Bid, Ask and Transactions Prices in a Specialist Market with Insider Trading”. 《Journal of Financial Economics》 14 (1): 71‑100. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.460.947. doi:10.1016/0304-405X(85)90044-3. ISSN 0304-405X.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1986a). “Price and Advertising Signals of Product Quality” (PDF). 《Journal of Political Economy》 94 (4): 796–821. doi:10.1086/261408. JSTOR 1833203. S2CID 154506015. 2020년 8월 6일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 10월 17일에 확인함.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1986b). “Relying on the Information of Interested Parties” (PDF). 《The RAND Journal of Economics》 17 (1): 18–32. doi:10.2307/2555625. JSTOR 2555625. 2020년 8월 6일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 10월 17일에 확인함.
Holmstrom, Bengt; Milgrom, Paul (1987). “Aggregation and Linearity in the Provision of Intertemporal Incentives” (PDF). 《Econometrica》 55 (2): 303–328. doi:10.2307/1913238. JSTOR 1913238. 2020년 10월 31일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 10월 17일에 확인함.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1987). “Informational Asymmetries, Strategic Behavior, and Industrial Organization”. 《The American Economic Review》 77 (2): 184–193. JSTOR 1805448.
Milgrom, Paul; Oster, Sharon (1987). “Job Discrimination, Market Forces and the Invisibility Hypothesis” (PDF). 《Quarterly Journal of Economics》 102 (3): 453–476. doi:10.2307/1884213. JSTOR 1884213. 2020년 8월 6일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2021년 10월 17일에 확인함.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1988). “An Economic Approach to Influence Activities and Organizational Responses”. 《American Journal of Sociology》 94: S154–S179. doi:10.1086/228945. JSTOR 2780245. S2CID 154341784.
Milgrom, Paul (1988). “Employment Contracts, Influence Activities, and Efficient Organization Design”. 《Journal of Political Economy》 96 (1): 42–60. doi:10.1086/261523. JSTOR 1830709. S2CID 154458173.
Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts (1988). “Communication and Inventories as Substitutes in Organizing Production”. 《Scandinavian Journal of Economics》 90 (3): 275–289. doi:10.2307/3440309. JSTOR 3440309.
Milgrom, Paul (1989). “Auctions and Bidding: A Primer”. 《The Journal of Economic Perspectives》 3 (3): 3–22. doi:10.1257/jep.3.3.3. JSTOR 1942756.
Fudenberg, Drew; Holmstrom, Bengt and Paul Milgrom (1990). “Short-term contracts and long-term agency relationships”. 《Journal of Economic Theory》 51 (1): 154–159. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(90)90048-O. hdl:1721.1/64269. JSTOR 2006561.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1990a). “The Efficiency of Equity in Organizational Decision Processes”. 《The American Economic Review》 80 (2): 1–31. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(90)90048-O. hdl:1721.1/64269. ISSN 0022-0531. JSTOR 2006561.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1990b). “The Economics of Modern Manufacturing: Technology, Strategy and Organization”. 《American Economic Review》 80 (3): 511–28. JSTOR 2006681.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1990c). “Rationalizability, Learning and Equilibrium in Games With Strategic Complementarities”. 《Econometrica》 58 (6): 1255–1278. doi:10.2307/2938316. JSTOR 2938316.
Milgrom, Paul; North, Douglass C.; Weingast, Barry R. (1990). “The role of institutions in the revival of trade: the law merchant, private judges, and the champagne fairs”. 《Economics and Politics》 2 (1): 1–23. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.669.1678. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0343.1990.tb00020.x.
Holmstrom, Bengt; Milgrom, Paul (1991). “Multitask Principal-Agent Analyses: Incentive Contracts, Asset Ownership and Job Design”. 《Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization》 7: 303–328. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.715.3715. doi:10.1093/jleo/7.special_issue.24. JSTOR 764957.
Abreu, D.; Milgrom, Paul; Pearce, David (1991). “Information and Timing in Repeated Partnerships”. 《Econometrica》 59 (6): 1713–1733. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.295.1370. doi:10.2307/2938286. JSTOR 2938286.
Milgrom, Paul; Qian, Yingi; Roberts, John (1991). “Complementarities, Momentum, and the Evolution of Modern Manufacturing”. 《The American Economic Review》 81 (2): 84–88. JSTOR 2006831.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1991). “Adaptive and sophisticated learning in normal form games”. 《Games and Economic Behavior》 82 (100): 82–100. doi:10.1016/0899-8256(91)90006-Z. ISSN 0899-8256.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1992). 《Economics, Organization and Management》. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0132246507.
Bresnahan, Timothy F.; Milgrom, Paul; Paul, Jonathan (1992). “The Real Output of the Stock Exchange”. 《Output Measurement in the Services Sectors》: 195–216.
Meyer, Margaret; Paul Milgrom; Roberts, John (1992). “Organizational Prospects, Influence Costs, and Ownership Changes”. 《Journal of Economics & Management Strategy》 1 (1): 9–35. doi:10.1111/j.1430-9134.1992.00009.x.
Milgrom, Paul (1994). “Comparing Optima: Do Simplifying Assumptions Affect Conclusions?”. 《Journal of Political Economy》 102 (3): 607–615. doi:10.1086/261948. JSTOR 2138625. S2CID 153568621.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1994). “Comparing Equilibria”. 《The American Economic Review》 84 (3): 441–459. JSTOR 2118061.
Milgrom, Paul; Shannon, Chris (1994). “Monotone Comparative Statics”. 《Econometrica》 62 (1): 157–180. doi:10.2307/2951479. JSTOR 2951479.
Holmstrom, Bengt; Milgrom, Paul (1994). “The Firm as an Incentive System”. 《The American Economic Review》 84 (4): 972–991. JSTOR 2118041.
Greif, Avner; Milgrom, Paul; Weingast, Barry R. (1994). “Coordination, Commitment, and Enforcement: The Case of the Merchant Guild”. 《Journal of Political Economy》 102 (4): 745–776. doi:10.1086/261953. JSTOR 2138763. S2CID 154501745.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1994). “Complementarities and Fit: Strategy, Structure and Organizational Change in Manufacturing”. 《Journal of Accounting and Economics》 19 (2–3): 179–208. doi:10.1016/0165-4101(94)00382-f. ISSN 0165-4101.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1995). “The Economics of Modern Manufacturing: Reply”. 《The American Economic Review》 85 (4): 997–999. JSTOR 2118249.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1996a). “The LeChatelier Principle”. 《The American Economic Review》 86 (1): 113–128. JSTOR 2118261.
Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John (1996b). “Coalition-Proofness and Correlation with Arbitrary Communication Possibilities”. 《Games and Economic Behavior》 17 (1): 173–179. doi:10.1006/game.1996.0096.
Milgrom, Paul (1998). “Game theory and the spectrum auctions”. 《European Economic Review》 42 (3–5): 771–778. doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(97)00146-3. ISSN 0014-2921.
Milgrom, Paul (2000). “Putting Auction Theory to Work: The Simulteneous Ascending Auction”. 《Journal of Political Economy》 108 (2): 245–272. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.195.7314. doi:10.1086/262118. JSTOR 262118. S2CID 14242011.
Ausubel, Lawrence M.; Milgrom, Paul (2002). “Ascending Auctions with Package Bidding”. 《The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics》 1 (1). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.528.8990. doi:10.2202/1534-5963.1019. ISSN 1534-5963. S2CID 1083684.
Milgrom, Paul; Segal, Ilya (2002). “Envelope Theorems for Arbitrary Choice Sets”. 《Econometrica》 70 (2): 583–601. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.217.4736. doi:10.1111/1468-0262.00296. JSTOR 2692283. SSRN 312251.
Milgrom, Paul (2004). 《Putting Auction Theory to Work》. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53672-1.
Hatfield, John W.; Milgrom, Paul (2005). “Matching with Contracts”. 《The American Economic Review》 95 (4): 913–935. doi:10.1257/0002828054825466. JSTOR 4132699.
Ausubel, Lawrence M.; Cramton, Peter; Milgrom, Paul (2006). Cramton, Peter; Shoham, Yoav; Steinberg, Richard, 편집. “The Clock-Proxy Auction: A Practical Combinatorial Auction Design”. 《In Combinatorial Auctions, Edited by Cramton, P., Shoham, Y., and Steinberg, R.》 (MIT Press). doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262033428.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-2620-3342-8. CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (링크)
Ausubel, Lawrence M.; Milgrom, Paul (2006a). Cramton, P.; Shoham, Y.; Steinberg, R., 편집. “The Lovely but Lonely Vickrey Auction”. 《In Combinatorial Auctions》 (MIT press): 17–40. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.120.7158. doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262033428.003.0002. ISBN 9780262033428.
Ausubel, Lawrence M.; Milgrom, Paul (2006b). Cramton, P.; Shoham, Y.; Steinberg, R., 편집. “Ascending Proxy Auctions”. 《In Combinatorial Auctions》.
Milgrom, Paul (2007). “Package Auctions and Exchanges”. 《Econometrica》 75 (4): 935–965. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00778.x. JSTOR 4502017.
Milgrom, Paul (2008). “What the Seller Won't Tell You: Persuasion and Disclosure in Markets”. 《Journal of Economic Perspectives》 22 (2): 115–131. doi:10.1257/jep.22.2.115. JSTOR 27648244.
Hall, Robert E.; Milgrom, Paul R. (2008). “The Limited Influence of Unemployment on the Wage Bargain”. 《The American Economic Review》 98 (4): 1653–1674. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.516.6267. doi:10.1257/aer.98.4.1653. JSTOR 29730140. S2CID 18040832.
Day, R.; Milgrom, Paul (2008). “Core-selecting package auctions”. 《International Journal of Game Theory》 36 (3–4): 393–407. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.529.9950. doi:10.1007/s00182-007-0100-7. S2CID 7593117.
Milgrom, Paul (2009). “Assignment Messages and Exchanges”. 《American Economic Journal: Microeconomics》 1 (2): 95–113. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.487.2981. doi:10.1257/mic.1.2.95.
Milgrom, Paul; Bruno Strulovici (2009). “Substitute goods, auctions, and equilibrium”. 《Journal of Economic Theory》 144 (1): 212–247. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.497.9686. doi:10.1016/j.jet.2008.05.002.
Milgrom, Paul (2010). “Ascending Prices and Package Bidding: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis”. 《American Economic Journal: Microeconomics》 2 (3): 160–185. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.727.4004. doi:10.1257/mic.2.3.160.
Milgrom, Paul (2010). “Simplified mechanisms with an application to sponsored-search auctions”. 《Games and Economic Behavior》 70 (1): 62–70. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.151.6989. doi:10.1016/j.geb.2008.12.003. SSRN 1022220.
Levin, Jonathan; Milgrom, Paul (2010). “Online Advertising: Heterogeneity and Conflation in Market Design”. 《American Economic Review》 100 (2): 603–607. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.727.1750. doi:10.1257/aer.100.2.603.
Milgrom, Paul (2011). “Critical Issues in the Practice of Market Design”. 《Economic Inquiry》 49 (2): 311–320. doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.2010.00357.x. S2CID 153765277.
Budish, E.; Che, Y.-K.; Kojima, F.; Milgrom, Paul (2013). “Designing Random Allocation Mechanisms: Theory and Applications”. 《American Economic Review》 103 (2): 585–623. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.649.5582. doi:10.1257/aer.103.2.585.

각주

↑ “The Prize in Economic Sciences 2020” (PDF) (보도 자료). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 2020년 10월 12일.
↑ Riley, Charles. “Nobel Prize in economics awarded to Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson for auction theory”. 2020년 10월 12일에 확인함.
↑ “Auctionomics”.

외부 링크

폴 밀그럼 - 공식 웹사이트
폴 밀그럼 출판 - 구글 학술 검색 색인
폴 밀그럼 - Nobelprize.org
Paul Milgom on EconBiz Author Profiles

[nobelpressrelease-1] “The Prize in Economic Sciences 2020” (PDF) (보도 자료). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 2020년 10월 12일.

[2] Riley, Charles. “Nobel Prize in economics awarded to Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson for auction theory”. 2020년 10월 12일에 확인함.

[auto-3] “Auctionomics”.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ 1번째 줄: / 1번째 줄: @@
+{{위키데이터 속성 추적}}
-[[File:Paul Milgrom Headshot.jpg|thumb]]
+{{번역 확장 필요|en|Paul Milgrom}}
-'''폴 로버트 밀그럼'''(Paul Robert Milgrom, 1948년 4월 20일 ~ )은 미국의 [[경제학자]]이다. 1987년부터 [[스탠퍼드 대학교]]의 인문과학교수로 재직 중이다. 밀그럼은 [[게임 이론]], 특히 [[경재 이론]]과 가격 결정 전략의 전문가이다. 2020년에 경매 이론의 개선과 새 경매 형식의 발명에 대한 공로로 [[로버트 B. 윌슨]]과 함께 [[노벨 경제학상]]을 수상했다.<ref name=nobelpressrelease>{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= October 12, 2020 |title= The Prize in Economic Sciences 2020 |url= https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2020/09/press-economicsciences2020.pdf |publisher= Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Riley |first1=Charles |title=Nobel Prize in economics awarded to Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson for auction theory |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/12/business/nobel-prize-economics/index.html?utm_source=digg |access-date=October 12, 2020}}</ref>
+[[파일:Paul Milgrom Headshot.jpg|섬네일|폴 밀그럼]]
+'''폴 로버트 밀그럼'''(Paul Robert Milgrom, 1948년 4월 20일 ~ )은 [[미국]]의 [[경제학자]]이다. 1987년부터 [[스탠퍼드 대학교]]의 인문과학교수로 재직 중이다. 밀그럼은 [[게임 이론]], 특히 [[경제 이론]]과 가격 결정 전략의 전문가이다. 2020년에 경매 이론의 개선과 새 경매 형식의 발명에 대한 공로로 [[로버트 B. 윌슨]]과 함께 [[노벨 경제학상]]을 수상했다.<ref name=nobelpressrelease>{{보도자료 인용|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= October 12, 2020 |title= The Prize in Economic Sciences 2020 |url= https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2020/09/press-economicsciences2020.pdf |publisher= Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{웹 인용|last1=Riley |first1=Charles |title=Nobel Prize in economics awarded to Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson for auction theory |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/12/business/nobel-prize-economics/index.html?utm_source=digg |access-date=October 12, 2020}}</ref>
-[[낸시 스토키]]와 공동으로 [[무거래 정리]](no-trade theorem)를 개발하였다. 여러 기업들의 공동 설립자이기도 한데, 그 기업들 중 가장 최근의 것으로는 옥셔노믹스(Auctionomics)가 있으며<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.auctionomics.com/|title=Auctionomics}}</ref> 상업 [[경매]]와 [[거래소]]를 위한 [[소프트웨어]]와 서비스를 제공한다.
+[[낸시 스토키]]와 공동으로 [[무거래 정리]](no-trade theorem)를 개발하였다. 여러 기업들의 공동 설립자이기도 한데, 그 기업들 중 가장 최근의 것으로는 옥셔노믹스(Auctionomics)가 있으며<ref name="auto">{{웹 인용|url=http://www.auctionomics.com/|title=Auctionomics}}</ref> 상업 [[경매]]와 [[거래소]]를 위한 [[소프트웨어]]와 서비스를 제공한다.
+== 저서 ==
+* {{서적 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=The Structure of Information in Competitive Bidding|year=1979a|publisher=New York: Garland Press}} (Ph.D. Dissertation)
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=A Convergence Theorem for Competitive Bidding with Differential Information|journal=Econometrica|year=1979b|volume=47|issue=3|pages=679–88|doi=10.2307/1910414|jstor=1910414}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=An Axiomatic Characterization of Common Knowledge|journal=Econometrica|year=1981a|volume=49|issue=1|pages=219–222|doi=10.2307/1911137|jstor=1911137|url=http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/research/math/papers/393.pdf}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Rational Expectations, Information Acquisition, and Competitive Bidding|journal=Econometrica|year=1981b|volume=49|pages=921–943|doi=10.2307/1912511|issue=4|jstor=1912511}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Good News and Bad News: Representation Theorems and Applications|journal=Bell Journal of Economics|year=1981c|volume=12|pages=380–91|doi=10.2307/3003562|issue=2|jstor=3003562|citeseerx=10.1.1.465.6331}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=Limit Pricing and Entry Under Incomplete Information: An Equilibrium Analysis|journal=Econometrica|year=1982|volume=50|pages=443–59|doi=10.2307/1912637|issue=2|jstor=1912637|url=http://www.dklevine.com/archive/refs4245.pdf}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John Roberts|title=Predation, Reputation, and Entry Deterrence|journal=Journal of Economic Theory|year=1982|volume=27|pages=280–312|doi=10.1016/0022-0531(82)90031-X|issue=2|issn=0022-0531|url=http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/research/math/papers/427.pdf}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Stokey, Nancy|title=Information, Trade and Common Knowledge|journal=Journal of Economic Theory|year=1982|volume=26|issue=1|pages=17–27|doi=10.1016/0022-0531(82)90046-1|url=http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/research/math/papers/377.pdf}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Weber, Robert|title=The Value of Information in a Sealed Bid Auction|journal=Journal of Mathematical Economics|year=1982a|volume=10|issue=1|pages=105–14|doi=10.1016/0304-4068(82)90008-8|issn=0304-4068|url=http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/research/math/papers/462.pdf|hdl=10419/220822|hdl-access=free}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Weber, Robert|title=A Theory of Auctions and Competitive Bidding|journal=Econometrica|year=1982b|volume=50|pages=1089–1122|doi=10.2307/1911865|issue=5|jstor=1911865|citeseerx=10.1.1.186.4633}}
+* {{저널 인용|authors=Kreps, David; Milgrom, Paul; Roberts, John; Wilson, Robert|title=Rational Cooperation in the Finitely‑Repeated Prisoners' Dilemma|journal=Journal of Economic Theory|year=1982|volume=27|pages=245‑252|doi=10.1016/0022-0531(82)90029-1|issue=2|url=http://www.dklevine.com/archive/refs4239.pdf}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Engelbrecht-Wiggans, R.|author2=Milgrom, Paul R.|author3=Weber, Robert J.|title=Competitive bidding and proprietary information|journal=Journal of Mathematical Economics|year=1983|volume=11|issue=2|pages=161–169|doi=10.1016/0304-4068(83)90034-4|url=http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d05/d0531.pdf|access-date=2021-10-17|archive-date=2020-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018144224/http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d05/d0531.pdf|url-status=}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Axelrod's "The Evolution of Cooperation"|journal=The RAND Journal of Economics|year=1984|volume=15|issue=2|pages=305–309|doi=10.2307/2555683|jstor=2555683}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Weber, Robert|title=Distributional Strategies for Games with Incomplete Information|journal=Mathematics of Operations Research|year=1985|volume=10|pages=619–32|doi=10.1287/moor.10.4.619|issue=4|url=http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/research/math/papers/428.pdf|hdl=10419/220788|hdl-access=free}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Glosten, Larry|author2=Milgrom, Paul|title=Bid, Ask and Transactions Prices in a Specialist Market with Insider Trading|journal=Journal of Financial Economics|year=1985|volume=14|pages=71‑100|doi=10.1016/0304-405X(85)90044-3|issue=1|citeseerx=10.1.1.460.947|issn=0304-405X}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=Price and Advertising Signals of Product Quality|journal=Journal of Political Economy|year=1986a|volume=94|pages=796–821|jstor=1833203|issue=4|doi=10.1086/261408|s2cid=154506015|url=http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d07/d0709.pdf|access-date=2021-10-17|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806034037/http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d07/d0709.pdf|url-status=}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=Relying on the Information of Interested Parties|journal=The RAND Journal of Economics|year=1986b|volume=17|issue=1|pages=18–32|jstor=2555625|doi=10.2307/2555625|url=http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d07/d0749.pdf|access-date=2021-10-17|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806050128/http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d07/d0749.pdf|url-status=}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Holmstrom, Bengt|author2=Milgrom, Paul|title=Aggregation and Linearity in the Provision of Intertemporal Incentives|journal=Econometrica|year=1987|volume=55|pages=303–328|doi=10.2307/1913238|jstor=1913238|issue=2|url=http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d07/d0742.pdf|access-date=2021-10-17|archive-date=2020-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031144952/https://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d07/d0742.pdf|url-status=}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=Informational Asymmetries, Strategic Behavior, and Industrial Organization|journal=The American Economic Review|year=1987|volume=77|issue=2|pages=184–193|jstor=1805448}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Oster, Sharon|title=Job Discrimination, Market Forces and the Invisibility Hypothesis|journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics|year=1987|volume=102|issue=3|pages=453–476|doi=10.2307/1884213|jstor=1884213|url=http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d07/d0708-r.pdf|access-date=2021-10-17|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806133828/http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d07/d0708-r.pdf|url-status=}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=An Economic Approach to Influence Activities and Organizational Responses|journal=American Journal of Sociology|year=1988|volume=94|pages=S154–S179|doi=10.1086/228945|jstor=2780245|s2cid=154341784}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Employment Contracts, Influence Activities, and Efficient Organization Design|journal=Journal of Political Economy|year=1988|volume=96|pages=42–60|jstor=1830709|issue=1|doi=10.1086/261523|s2cid=154458173|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pf6c5j6}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul and John Roberts|title=Communication and Inventories as Substitutes in Organizing Production|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Economics|year=1988|volume=90|issue=3|pages=275–289|doi=10.2307/3440309|jstor=3440309}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Auctions and Bidding: A Primer|journal=The Journal of Economic Perspectives|year=1989|volume=3|issue=3|pages=3–22|jstor=1942756|doi=10.1257/jep.3.3.3}}
+* {{저널 인용|authors=Fudenberg, Drew; Holmstrom, Bengt and Paul Milgrom|title=Short-term contracts and long-term agency relationships|journal=Journal of Economic Theory|year=1990|volume=51|issue=1|pages=154–159|jstor=2006561|doi=10.1016/0022-0531(90)90048-O|hdl=1721.1/64269|hdl-access=free}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=The Efficiency of Equity in Organizational Decision Processes|journal=The American Economic Review|year=1990a|volume=80|issue=2|pages=1–31|doi=10.1016/0022-0531(90)90048-O|jstor=2006561|issn=0022-0531|hdl=1721.1/64269|hdl-access=free}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=The Economics of Modern Manufacturing: Technology, Strategy and Organization|journal=American Economic Review|year=1990b|volume=80|pages=511–28|issue=3|jstor=2006681}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=Rationalizability, Learning and Equilibrium in Games With Strategic Complementarities|journal=Econometrica|year=1990c|volume=58|pages=1255–1278|jstor=2938316|issue=6|doi=10.2307/2938316}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=North, Douglass C.|author3=Weingast, Barry R.|title=The role of institutions in the revival of trade: the law merchant, private judges, and the champagne fairs|journal=Economics and Politics|year=1990|volume=2|issue=1|pages=1–23|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0343.1990.tb00020.x|citeseerx=10.1.1.669.1678}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Holmstrom, Bengt|author2=Milgrom, Paul|title=Multitask Principal-Agent Analyses: Incentive Contracts, Asset Ownership and Job Design|journal=Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization|year=1991|volume=7|pages=303–328|jstor=764957|doi=10.1093/jleo/7.special_issue.24|citeseerx=10.1.1.715.3715}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Abreu, D.|author2=Milgrom, Paul|author3=Pearce, David|title=Information and Timing in Repeated Partnerships|journal=Econometrica|year=1991|volume=59|pages=1713–1733|jstor=2938286|issue=6|doi=10.2307/2938286|citeseerx=10.1.1.295.1370}}
+* {{저널 인용|authors=Milgrom, Paul; Qian, Yingi; Roberts, John|title=Complementarities, Momentum, and the Evolution of Modern Manufacturing|journal=The American Economic Review|year=1991|volume=81|issue=2|pages=84–88|jstor=2006831}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=Adaptive and sophisticated learning in normal form games|journal=Games and Economic Behavior|year=1991|volume=82|issue=100|pages=82–100|doi=10.1016/0899-8256(91)90006-Z|issn=0899-8256}}
+* {{서적 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=Economics, Organization and Management|year=1992|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0132246507|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/economicsorganiz00milg}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Bresnahan, Timothy F.|author2=Milgrom, Paul|author3=Paul, Jonathan|title=The Real Output of the Stock Exchange|journal=Output Measurement in the Services Sectors|year=1992|pages=195–216}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Meyer, Margaret|author1-link= Margaret A. Meyer |author2=Paul Milgrom|author3=Roberts, John|title=Organizational Prospects, Influence Costs, and Ownership Changes|journal=Journal of Economics & Management Strategy|year=1992|volume=1|pages=9–35|doi=10.1111/j.1430-9134.1992.00009.x|issue=1}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Comparing Optima: Do Simplifying Assumptions Affect Conclusions?|journal=Journal of Political Economy|year=1994|volume=102|issue=3|pages=607–615|doi=10.1086/261948|jstor=2138625|s2cid=153568621}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=Comparing Equilibria|journal=The American Economic Review|year=1994|volume=84|issue=3|pages=441–459|jstor=2118061}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Shannon, Chris|title=Monotone Comparative Statics|journal=Econometrica|year=1994|volume=62|pages=157–180|jstor=2951479|issue=1|doi=10.2307/2951479}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Holmstrom, Bengt|author2=Milgrom, Paul|title=The Firm as an Incentive System|journal=The American Economic Review|year=1994|volume=84|pages=972–991|jstor=2118041|issue=4}}
+* {{저널 인용|authors=Greif, Avner; Milgrom, Paul; Weingast, Barry R.|title=Coordination, Commitment, and Enforcement: The Case of the Merchant Guild|journal=Journal of Political Economy|year=1994|volume=102|issue=4|pages=745–776|jstor=2138763|doi=10.1086/261953|s2cid=154501745}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=Complementarities and Fit: Strategy, Structure and Organizational Change in Manufacturing|journal=Journal of Accounting and Economics|year=1994|volume=19|issue=2–3|pages=179–208|doi=10.1016/0165-4101(94)00382-f|issn=0165-4101}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=The Economics of Modern Manufacturing: Reply|journal=The American Economic Review|year=1995|volume=85|issue=4|pages=997–999|jstor=2118249}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=The LeChatelier Principle|journal= The American Economic Review|year=1996a|volume=86|issue=1|pages=113–128|jstor=2118261}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Roberts, John|title=Coalition-Proofness and Correlation with Arbitrary Communication Possibilities|journal=  Games and Economic Behavior|year=1996b|volume=17|issue=1|pages=173–179|doi=10.1006/game.1996.0096}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Game theory and the spectrum auctions|journal=European Economic Review|year=1998|volume=42|issue=3–5|pages=771–778|doi=10.1016/S0014-2921(97)00146-3|issn=0014-2921}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Putting Auction Theory to Work: The Simulteneous Ascending Auction|journal=Journal of Political Economy|year=2000|volume=108|issue=2|pages=245–272|doi=10.1086/262118|jstor=262118|citeseerx=10.1.1.195.7314|s2cid=14242011}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Ausubel, Lawrence M.|author2=Milgrom, Paul|title=Ascending Auctions with Package Bidding|journal=The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics|year=2002|volume=1|issue=1|doi=10.2202/1534-5963.1019|citeseerx=10.1.1.528.8990|s2cid=1083684|issn=1534-5963}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Segal, Ilya|title=Envelope Theorems for Arbitrary Choice Sets|journal=Econometrica|year=2002|volume=70|pages=583–601|jstor=2692283|issue=2|doi=10.1111/1468-0262.00296|citeseerx=10.1.1.217.4736|ssrn=312251}}
+* {{서적 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Putting Auction Theory to Work|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-53672-1}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Hatfield, John W.|author2=Milgrom, Paul|title=Matching with Contracts|journal=The American Economic Review|year=2005|volume=95|issue=4|pages=913–935|doi=10.1257/0002828054825466|jstor=4132699|url=http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/0002828054825466}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Ausubel, Lawrence M.; Cramton, Peter; Milgrom, Paul|title=The Clock-Proxy Auction: A Practical Combinatorial Auction Design|journal=In Combinatorial Auctions, Edited by Cramton, P., Shoham, Y., and Steinberg, R.|publisher=MIT Press|year=2006|doi=10.7551/mitpress/9780262033428.001.0001|isbn=978-0-2620-3342-8|editor1-last=Cramton|editor1-first=Peter|editor2-last=Shoham|editor2-first=Yoav|editor3-last=Steinberg|editor3-first=Richard}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Ausubel, Lawrence M.|author2=Milgrom, Paul|title=The Lovely but Lonely Vickrey Auction|journal=In Combinatorial Auctions|pages=17–40|editor1=Cramton, P.|editor2=Shoham, Y.|editor3=Steinberg, R.|year=2006a|publisher=MIT press|doi=10.7551/mitpress/9780262033428.003.0002|citeseerx=10.1.1.120.7158|isbn=9780262033428}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Ausubel, Lawrence M.|author2=Milgrom, Paul|title=Ascending Proxy Auctions|journal=In Combinatorial Auctions|editor1=Cramton, P.|editor2=Shoham, Y.|editor3=Steinberg, R.|year=2006b}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Package Auctions and Exchanges|journal=Econometrica|year=2007|volume=75|issue=4|pages=935–965|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00778.x|jstor=4502017}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=What the Seller Won't Tell You: Persuasion and Disclosure in Markets|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives|year=2008|volume=22|issue=2|pages=115–131|doi=10.1257/jep.22.2.115|jstor=27648244|doi-access=free}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Hall, Robert E.|author2=Milgrom, Paul R.|title=The Limited Influence of Unemployment on the Wage Bargain|journal=The American Economic Review|year=2008|volume=98|issue=4|pages=1653–1674|jstor=29730140|doi=10.1257/aer.98.4.1653|citeseerx=10.1.1.516.6267|s2cid=18040832}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Day, R.|author2=Milgrom, Paul|title=Core-selecting package auctions|journal=International Journal of Game Theory|year=2008|volume=36|issue=3–4|pages=393–407|doi=10.1007/s00182-007-0100-7|citeseerx=10.1.1.529.9950|s2cid=7593117}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Assignment Messages and Exchanges|journal=American Economic Journal: Microeconomics|year=2009|volume=1|issue=2|pages=95–113|doi=10.1257/mic.1.2.95|citeseerx=10.1.1.487.2981}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Milgrom, Paul|author2=Bruno Strulovici|title=Substitute goods, auctions, and equilibrium|journal=Journal of Economic Theory|year=2009|volume=144|issue=1|pages=212–247|doi=10.1016/j.jet.2008.05.002|citeseerx=10.1.1.497.9686}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Ascending Prices and Package Bidding: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis|journal=American Economic Journal: Microeconomics|year=2010|volume=2|issue=3|pages=160–185|doi=10.1257/mic.2.3.160|citeseerx=10.1.1.727.4004}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Simplified mechanisms with an application to sponsored-search auctions|journal=Games and Economic Behavior|year=2010|volume=70|issue=1|pages=62–70|doi=10.1016/j.geb.2008.12.003|citeseerx=10.1.1.151.6989|ssrn=1022220}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Levin, Jonathan|author2=Milgrom, Paul|title=Online Advertising: Heterogeneity and Conflation in Market Design|journal=American Economic Review|year=2010|volume=100|issue=2|pages=603–607|doi=10.1257/aer.100.2.603|citeseerx=10.1.1.727.1750}}
+* {{저널 인용|author=Milgrom, Paul|title=Critical Issues in the Practice of Market Design|journal=Economic Inquiry|year=2011|volume=49|issue=2|pages=311–320|doi=10.1111/j.1465-7295.2010.00357.x|s2cid=153765277}}
+* {{저널 인용|author1=Budish, E.|author2=Che, Y.-K.|author3=Kojima, F.|author4=Milgrom, Paul|title=Designing Random Allocation Mechanisms: Theory and Applications|journal=American Economic Review|year=2013|volume=103|issue=2|pages=585–623|doi=10.1257/aer.103.2.585|citeseerx=10.1.1.649.5582}}
 == 각주 ==
@@ 8번째 줄: / 77번째 줄: @@
 == 외부 링크 ==
-* {{공식 웹사이트|http://www.milgrom.net}}
+* {{공식 웹사이트}}
 * {{GoogleScholar|b4cFNacAAAAJ}}
 * {{Nobelprize}}
 * [https://authors.econbiz.de/128712139 Paul Milgom] on EconBiz Author Profiles
+{{노벨 경제학상 수상자}}
+{{2020년 노벨상 수상자}}
 {{전거 통제}}
 [[분류:1948년 출생]]
+[[분류:살아있는 사람]]
-[[분류:미국 예술과학 아카데미 석학회원]]
 [[분류:금융경제학자]]
 [[분류:게임 이론가]]
+[[분류:미국의 노벨상 수상자]]
+[[분류:노벨 경제학상 수상자]]
+[[분류:미국 예술과학 아카데미 석학회원]]
 [[분류:미국 과학 아카데미의 회원]]
-[[분류:살아있는 사람]]
+[[분류:미시간 대학교 동문]]
 [[분류:스탠퍼드 대학교 동문]]
-[[분류:노벨 경제학상 수상자]]
+[[분류:스탠퍼드 대학교 교수]]
+[[분류:디트로이트 출신]]
+[[분류:수리경제학자]]

v t e 노벨 경제학상 수상자
경제학상 \| 문학상 \| 물리학상 \| 생리학·의학상 \| 평화상 \| 화학상
1969–1975	1969: 프리슈 / 틴베르헌 1970: 새뮤얼슨 1971: 쿠즈네츠 1972: 힉스 / 애로 1973: 레온티예프 1974: 뮈르달 / 하이에크 1975: 칸토로비치 / 코프만스
1976–2000	1976: 프리드먼 1977: 올린 / 미드 1978: 사이먼 1979: 슐츠 / 루이스 1980: 클라인 1981: 토빈 1982: 스티글러 1983: 드브뢰 1984: 스톤 1985: 모디글리아니 1986: 뷰캐넌 1987: 솔로 1988: 알레 1989: 호벨모 1990: 마코위츠 / 밀러 / 샤프 1991: 코스 1992: 베커 1993: 포겔 / 노스 1994: 젤텐 / 내시 / 하사니 1995: 루카스 1996: 멀리스 / 비크리 1997: 머턴 / 숄스 1998: 센 1999: 먼델 2000: 헤크먼 / 맥패든
2001–현재	2001: 애컬로프 / 스티글리츠 / 스펜스 2002: 카너먼 / 스미스 2003: 엥글 / 그레인저 2004: 쉬들란 / 프레스콧 2005: 아우만 / 셸링 2006: 펠프스 2007: 후르비치 / 매스킨 / 마이어슨 2008: 크루그먼 2009: 오스트롬 / 윌리엄슨 2010: 다이아몬드 / 모텐슨 / 피사리데스 2011: 사전트 / 심스 2012: 로스 / 섀플리 2013: 파마 / 핸슨 / 실러 2014: 티롤 2015: 디턴 2016: 하트 / 홀름스트룀 2017: 세일러 2018: 노드하우스 / 로머 2019: 바네르지 / 뒤플로 / 크레이머 2020: 밀그럼 / 윌슨 2021: 앵그리스트 / 카드 / 임번스 2022: 버냉키 / 다이아몬드 / 딥비그 2023: 골딘

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물리학상	로저 펜로즈(영국) 라인하르트 겐첼(독일) 앤드리아 M. 게즈(미국)
화학상	에마뉘엘 샤르팡티에(프랑스) 제니퍼 다우드나(미국)
생리학·의학상	하비 J. 올터(미국) 마이클 호턴(영국) 찰스 M. 라이스(미국)
문학상	루이즈 글릭(미국)
평화상	세계 식량 계획(WFP)
경제학상	폴 밀그럼(미국) 로버트 B. 윌슨(미국)

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