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{{L1}}{{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Singapore CBD skyline from Esplanade at dusk.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Caeliscalpium|Caeliscalpia]] {{Creanda|en|Central Area|Regio media (Singapura)|regionis commercialis}} Singapuranae sole occidenti a {{Creanda|en|Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay|Theatra Litoralia (Singapura)|theatris litoralibus}} picta]]
[[Fasciculus:Singapore 1994 CIA map.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Forma Singapurae]]
'''Singapura'''<ref name=NSLO>[[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'', editio secunda, 2009.</ref> est [[civitas insularis]] [[Asia austro-orientalis|Asiae austro-orientalis]] iuxta meridionalem [[Aurea Chersonesusa|Aureae Chersonesi]] oram iacens, a [[Linea aequatorialis|linea aequatoriali]] 137 [[chiliometrum|chm]] ad boream versus distans, ex insula magna et insulis sexaginta minoribus constituta. Inter emporia mundialia negotiosissima celebratur. Regimen democraticum parlamentarium habet, sed restrictiori libertate civica. Quam civitatem a [[Malaesia]] paeninsulari [[fretum Johor]] sub septentrione, ab [[Insulae Riau|insulis Riau]] [[Indonesia]]nis [[fretum Singapurense]] sub meridie separat. Incolarum circiter 5 milliones ibi habitant. Primus minister (qui est etiam dux huius civitatis), continuo ab anno [[2004]] merens, est [[Lee Hsien Loong]].
== Nomen ==
Emporium antiquum hic positum nomen [[Lingua Iavanica|Iavanicum]] {{Creanda|en|Temasek|Tumasik}} habuit, sed civitati insulari mediaevali nuncupatio Sanscritica सिङ्गापुर {{IAST|Siṅgāpura}} data est. Quod nomen [[Lusitane]] ''Singapura'' sonat, itidem Latine. Adiectiva Latina "Singapuranus",<ref name=NSLO/><ref>Cf. nomen biologicum ''[[Ketumala singapurana]]''</ref> "Singapurensis"<ref>"ex horto Oxleyano Singapurensi ...": [http://www.forgottenbooks.com/readbook_text/Bulletin_de_LAcadmie_Impriale_des_Sciences_1873_v2_1100140377/213 fons]. Cf. nomen biologicum ''[[Kopsia singapurensis]]''</ref> et "Singaporensis" reperiuntur.<ref>{{CathHierDiocese|sngp|Archidioecesis Singaporensis}}; cf. nomen biologicum ''[[Diospyros singaporensis]]''</ref> Linguis quattuor huius civitatis publicis nomen sonat [[Anglice]] ''Singapore'', [[Malaice]] ''Singapura'', [[Tamulice]] சிங்கப்பூர் {{IAST|Siṅkappur}}, [[Sinice]] 新加坡.
De origine nominis disputatur. In ''[[Annales Malaicae|Annalibus Malaicis]]'', chronicis traditionalibus, eo venisse asseveratur princeps origine [[Srivijaya]]nus, qui nuper ad litora advectus leone in silva viso urbem condiderit Singapuramque nuncupaverit i.e. "urbem leonis"; quae fabula a Singapuranis fere omnibus recipitur. Eruditi autem, verbum Sanscriticum सिङ्ह {{IAST|siṅha}} "leonem" significare sed non सिङ्ग {{IAST|siṅga}} leonesque [[Aurea Chersonesus|Aureae Chersonesi]] nunquam frequentavisse monentes,<ref>{{qc|id=Parmer}}</ref> nomen ''Singapura'' "urbem morationis, mansionem" interpretant, e verbo [[Malaice|Malaico]] ''singgah'' "morare".<ref>{{qc|id=Flower}}</ref>
== Origines et historia ==
In hac insula emporium modestum iam temporibus antiquis conditum esse confitetur, nomine Tumasik. Neque annum neque saeculum originis constat, quibusdam iam saeculo II p.C.n. conditum asseverantibus, aliis multo tardius. Medio saeculo XIV mercator [[Sinae|Sinensis]] [[Wang Dayuan]] in opere cuius titulus est ''[[島夷誌略|Daoyi zhilüe]]'' incolas huius insulae curiose describit, "indigenas Sinensesque coniuncte habitantes".<ref>{{qc|id=Colless}} p. 2</ref>
[[Thomas Stamford Raffles]], qui eo tempore gubernator vicarius oppidi [[Bengkulu|Bencoolen]] pro [[Societas Britannica Indiae Orientalis|Societate Britannica Indiae Orientalis]] meruit, die [[29 Ianuarii]] [[1819]] meridianam insulae partem acquisivit, adnuente [[sultanus|sultano]] [[Johor]]ensi. Iuxta castelli antiqui ruinis emporium novum condidit. Urbs nova Singapura mox florens insulam totam replevit. Sub ditione [[Imperium Britannicum|imperii Britannici]] anno [[1826]] subiit. [[Secundum bellum mundanum|Secundo bello mundano]] saeviente exercitus [[Iaponia|Iaponensis]] Singapuram devicit die [[15 Februarii]] [[1942]] et usque in 1945 retinuit. Britanni mense Septembri [[1945]] rediti libertatem Singapuranis anno [[1959]] concederunt. Singapura in [[Malaesia]]m a die [[31 Augusti]] [[1963]] ad [[9 Augusti]] [[1965]] comprehensa est; inde rursus civitas libera fit.
==
[[Universitas Singapurana]] anno [[1962]] creata est (Anglice ab anno 1980 ''National University of Singapore'' nuncupata) e divisione [[Universitas Malaica|Universitatis Malaicae]], quae originem habuit in collegio medico Singapurano anno [[1905]] et collegio Raffles anno [[1928]] constitutis. [[Universitas Technologica Nanyang]], sub forma collegii anno [[1981]] constituta, anno [[1991]] in universitatem conversa est. Nomen habet [[Universitas Nanyang|universitatis Nanyang]] anterioris, quae ab anno [[1956]] floruit sed anno [[1980]] in universitatem nationalem coniuncta est.
==
Singapurae [[clima]] est [[Clima tropicum silvarum pluvialium|tropicum silvarum pluvialium]] per [[enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|enumerationem Köppen–Geiger]], hippalo inter Novembrem et Ianuarium, statione calidissima mensibus Aprili et Maio; [[temperatura]] aëris media inter 26° et 28°, minima inter 23° et 25°, maxima inter 30° et 32°, sed minima extrema usque hodie nota 19.4°, maxima extrema 36°; pluviis mense Iunio ad 162 mm tantum, mense Decembri 287 mm, anno toto non minus quam 2 342 mm elevatis; diebus pluviosis per annum totum fere 178 accidentibus; [[humiditas relativa|humiditate relativa]] inter mensuras 83% et 87% reperta, horis solis fulgentis mense Novembri 130, mense Martio 193, per annum totum 2 022 repertis.<ref>Res climatologicae e Vicipaedia Anglica extractae, fontibus fidei dignis ibi citatis</ref>
==
<references />
== Bibliographia ==
; Commentaria
* [[Lee Kuan Yew]], ''From Third World To First: The Singapore Story: 1965–2000''. Novi Eboraci: HarperCollins, 2000. ISBN 0-06-019776-5
; De historia
* {{ec|id=Colless|c=Brian E. Colless, "The Ancient History of Singapore" in ''Journal of Southeast Asian History'' vol. 10 (1969) pp. 1-11 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/20067728 JSTOR]}}
* {{ec|id=Flower|c=Raymond Flower, ''Raffles: the story of Singapore''. Beckenham: Croom Helm, 1984}}
* Colin Marshall, "[http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/apr/21/story-cities-singapore-carefully-planned-lee-kuan-yew Story of cities #27: Singapore – the most meticulously planned city in the world]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (21 Aprilis 2016)
* Kevin Tan, Peng Er Lam, ''Lee's Lieutenants: Singapore's Old Guard''. Londinii: Allen & Unwin, 1999. ISBN 978-1-86448-639-1
* Richard O. Winstedt, ''A History of Malaya''. Editio recensa/ Singapurae: Marican and Sons, 1962
* Richard O. Winstedt, "A Note on the Founding of Singapore" in ''Journal of Southeast Asian History'' vol. 5 (1964) pp. 15-16 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/20067501 JSTOR]
; De populis
* Khun Eng Kuah-Pearce, ''State, Society, and Religious Engineering: Towards a Reformist Buddhism in Singapore''. Singapurae: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009. ISBN 978-981-230-865-8 {{Google Books|GBdX2ELnkXQC|Paginae selectae}}
* Hussin Mutalib, ''Singapore Malays: Being Ethnic Minority and Muslim in a Global City-State''. Londinii: Routledge, 2012. ISBN 978-1-136-30732-4 {{Google Books|eoKbXUT7EbkC|Paginae selectae}}
* Kamaludeen Mohamed Nasir, Alexius A. Pereira, Bryan S. Turner, ''Muslims in Singapore: Piety, politics and policies''. Londinii: Routledge, 2009. ISBN 978-1-135-27595-2 {{Google Books|miWb2M5tPm8C|Paginae selectae}}
* {{ec|id=Parmer|c=J. Norman Parmer, "City of the Lion" in ''Wilson Quarterly'' vol. 7 no. 5 (1983) pp. 48-65 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/40257549 JSTOR]}}
; De re politica
* Michael D. Barr, ''The Ruling Elite of Singapore: Networks of Power and Influence''. Londinii: I. B. Tauris, 2014. ISBN 978-0-85773-576-8 {{Google Books|IDFtBgAAQBAJ|Paginae saelectae}}
* Michael D. Barr, Zlatko Skrbiš, ''Constructing Singapore: Elitism, Ethnicity and the Nation-building Project''. Hafniae: Nordic Instotute of Asian Studies, 2008. ISBN 978-87-7694-029-4 {{Google Books|J67Flara3MIC|Paginae selectae}}
* Michael Hill, Kwen Fee Lian, ''The Politics of Nation Building and Citizenship in Singapore''. Londinii: Routledge, 1995. ISBN 0-415-12025-X {{Google Books|i-7AOHscNewC|Paginae selectae}}
* R. S. Milne, Diane K. Mauzy, ''Singapore Politics under the People's Action Party''. Londinii: Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-415-24653-9
* Hussin Mutalib, ''Parties and politics: a study of opposition parties and PAP in Singapore''. Singapurae: Eastern Universities Press, 2003. ISBN 978-981-210-211-9
* Kamaludeen Mohamed Nasir, Bryan S. Turner, ''The Future of Singapore: Population, Society and the Nature of the State''. Londinii: Routledge, 2014. ISBN 978-1-134-74020-8 {{Google Books|8g6LAwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}}
* Garry Rodan, ''Transparency and Authoritarian Rule in Southeast Asia: Singapore and Malaysia''. Londinii: Taylor & Francis, 2004. ISBN 978-0-203-42101-7
* Francis T. Seow, ''Beyond Suspicion?: The Singapore Judiciary''. Novo Portu: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 2006. ISBN 978-0-938692-87-4
* Francis T. Seow, ''The Media Enthralled: Singapore Revisited''. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998. ISBN 978-1-55587-779-8 {{Google Books|CnZjYJ3TduUC|Paginae selectae}}
* Christopher Tremewan, ''The Political Economy of Social Control in Singapore''. Londinii: Palgrave Macmillan, 1996. ISBN 978-0-312-15865-1
* Ross Worthington, ''Governance in Singapore''. Londinii: Routledge/Curzon, 2002. ISBN 0-7007-1474-X
; De re oeconomica
* Rodney King, ''The Singapore Miracle: Myth and Reality.'' Insight Press. [[2008]].. ISBN 0-9775567-0-0
* Geoffrey Murray, Audrey Perera, ''Singapore: The Global City-state''. Londinii: St. Martin's Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-312-12959-0
* Garry Rodan, ''Singapore's Second Industrial Revolution: State Intervention and Foreign Investment''. ASEAN-Australia Joint Research Project, 1985
* Kenneth Paul Tan,. ''Renaissance Singapore? Economy, Culture, and Politics.'' NUS Press. [[2007]]. ISBN 9971-69-377-1.
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Singapore|Singapuram}}
{{Coord|1|18|N|103|48|E|display=title}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150212065604/http://app.sgdi.gov.sg/index.asp Situs regiminis Singapurani]
* ''[http://www.yoursingapore.com/content/traveller/en/experience.html Your Singapore]'' (situs peregrinis destinatus)
* "[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-15961759 Singapore Profile]" apud [[BBC]]
{{Capsae collectae|Civitas Singapura|contextus|{{Asia}}{{Consortio Populorum}}}}
{{Capsae collectae|Civitas Singapura|politica|{{Praesides Singapurae}}{{Primi ministri Singapurae}}}}
{{Capsae collectae|Urbs Singapura|contextus|{{Urbes Asiae maximae}}{{Urbes Asiae capitales}}}}
{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Geographia}}
[[Categoria:Singapura| ]]
[[Categoria:Capita]]
[[Categoria:Civitates insulares]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1965]]
[[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]]
[[Categoria:Urbes milies milium incolarum]]
[[Categoria:Portus maris Sinensis australis]]
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