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'''Аустралијски староседеоци''' (''домородачки народи Аустралије сматрају увредљивим термин [[Абориџини]]{{sfn|Aborigine - Definition|2012}}, који се често користи за скупно именовање свих Аустралијских староседелаца'') насељавају свој континент најмање 30.000 година. Према мишљењима научника на континент су се населили још у време последњег [[Ледено доба|Леденог доба]]. Тада су велика острва [[Нова Гвинеја]] и [[Борнео]] били већи него данас, а морски пролаз између њих и Аустралије много ужи. Сумња се да су преци данашњих аустралијских домородаца у Аустралију дошли из тих подручја. Премда данашњи [[Папуанци]] и суседни [[Меланежани]] имају црну пут попут Аустралијанаца, физичке разлике су ипак очите, и на први поглед лако их је разликовати. Типови културе су такође различити, но они могу настати услед различитих климатско-географских услова. Језично су се ови народи раније класификовани у аустралијску породицу ({{јез-енг|Indigenous Australian languages}}). Данас је познато 28 [[Језичка породица|породица језика]] и [[Језички изолат|језичких изолата]], од којих је најзначајнија [[Пама-њунгански језици|пама-њунганска]] породица језика.
'''Аустралијски староседеоци''' (''домородачки народи Аустралије сматрају увредљивим термин [[Абориџини]]{{sfn|Aborigine - Definition|2012}}, који се често користи за скупно именовање свих Аустралијских староседелаца'') насељавају свој [[континент]] најмање 30.000 година (од 40.000 до 60.000 година).<ref name="британика 1">{{cite book |editor1-last=Мишић |editor1-first=Милан |title=Енциклопедија Британика. А-Б |date=2005 |publisher=Народна књига : Политика |location=Београд |isbn=86-331-2075-5 |pages=82}}</ref> Према мишљењима научника на континент су се населили још у време последњег [[Ледено доба|Леденог доба]]. Тада су велика острва [[Нова Гвинеја]] и [[Борнео]] били већи него данас, а морски пролаз између њих и Аустралије много ужи. Сумња се да су преци данашњих аустралијских домородаца у Аустралију дошли из тих подручја. Премда данашњи [[Папуанци]] и суседни [[Меланежани]] имају црну пут попут Аустралијанаца, физичке разлике су ипак очите, и на први поглед лако их је разликовати. Типови културе су такође различити, но они могу настати услед различитих климатско-географских услова. Језично су се ови народи раније класификовани у аустралијску породицу ({{јез-енг|Indigenous Australian languages}}). Данас је познато 28 [[Језичка породица|породица језика]] и [[Језички изолат|језичких изолата]], од којих је најзначајнија [[Пама-њунгански језици|пама-њунганска]] породица језика.


== Историја ==
== Историја ==


Преци Абориџина су на подручје Аустралије доспели из [[Југоисточна Азија|југоисточне Азије]] дошавши пре више од 30.000 година, с једног острва на друго.{{sfn|Bowler|Johnston|Olley|Prescott|2003}}{{sfn|Davidson|Wahlquist|2017}} Верује се да су донели пса ''дингоа'' у Аустралију. Због својих специфичних телесних карактеристика и тамносмеђе боје коже, сврстани су у посебну расну групу ([[Аустралоидна раса|Аустралоиди]]). Пре доласка [[Европа|Европљана]] живели су као у камено доба, живећи од лова, бобица и плодова. Живели су у групама од 25 до 300 људи.
Преци Абориџина су на подручје Аустралије доспели из [[Југоисточна Азија|југоисточне Азије]] дошавши пре више од 30.000 година, с једног острва на друго.{{sfn|Bowler|Johnston|Olley|Prescott|2003}}{{sfn|Davidson|Wahlquist|2017}} Верује се да су донели пса ''дингоа'' у Аустралију. Због својих специфичних телесних карактеристика и тамносмеђе боје коже, сврстани су у посебну расну групу ([[Аустралоидна раса|Аустралоиди]]). Пре доласка [[Европа|Европљана]] живели су као у [[камено доба]], живећи од лова, бобица и плодова. Живели су у групама од 25 до 300 људи.


Непознато је колико је Абориџина живело на територији Аустралије уочи доласка Европљана. Многи историчари прихватају да их је било око 300.000. Међутим, због дуготрајног контакта са развијенијом европском цивилизацијом, њихов број је нагло опао. Абориџине су европски колонисти (досељеници са [[Британска острва|Британских острва]]) убијали, смештали са вековних огњишта, покрштавали и смештали у резервате, али су велике падове абориџинске популације такође проузроковале разне епидемије средином 19. века.
Непознато је колико је Абориџина живело на територији Аустралије уочи доласка Европљана. Многи историчари прихватају да их је било око 300.000. Међутим, због дуготрајног контакта са развијенијом европском цивилизацијом, њихов број је нагло опао. Абориџине су европски колонисти (досељеници са [[Британска острва|Британских острва]]) убијали, смештали са вековних огњишта, покрштавали и смештали у резервате, али су велике падове абориџинске популације такође проузроковале разне епидемије средином 19. века.
Ред 42: Ред 42:


== Обичаји ==
== Обичаји ==
[[Датотека:Aboriginal craft.jpg|мини|десно|Абориџинијски [[бумеранг]]]]
[[Датотека:Aboriginal craft.jpg|мини|десно|Абориџински [[бумеранг]]]]
Домороци се баве [[лов]]ом и сакупљањем. [[Копље]] и [[бумеранг]] били су њихово главно оружје. Обални домороци сакупљали су [[мекушци|мекушце]], као [[шкољке]] и [[Ракови|ракове]]. У пустињским пределима хватали су животиње, птице и разне рептиле. Сва ловина коју је ловац ухватио делила се са читавом групом. Храна се припремала над отвореном ватром. Сакупљање биља и семења такође је било значајно. Попут калифорнијских племена, и Абориџини су знали да млевењем неког [[семе]]ња произведу [[брашно]].
Домороци се баве [[лов]]ом и сакупљањем. [[Копље]] и [[бумеранг]] били су њихово главно оружје. Обални домороци сакупљали су [[мекушци|мекушце]], као [[шкољке]] и [[Ракови|ракове]]. У пустињским пределима хватали су животиње, птице и разне рептиле. Сва ловина коју је ловац ухватио делила се са читавом групом. Храна се припремала над отвореном ватром. Сакупљање биља и семења такође је било значајно. Попут калифорнијских племена, и Абориџини су знали да млевењем неког [[семе]]ња произведу [[брашно]].


Ред 62: Ред 62:


== Литература ==
== Литература ==
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
{{Литература|colwidth=30em}}
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* {{cite web|title=Bringing them home education module]: the laws: [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_act.html Australian Capital Territory]; [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_nsw.html New South Wales]; [ww.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_nt.html Northern Territory]; [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_qld.html Queensland Queensland]; [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_sa.html South Australia]; [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_sa.html Tasmania]; [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_vic.html Victoria]; [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_wa.html Western Australia|publisher=[[Australian Human Rights Commission]]
* {{cite web|title=Bringing them home education module]: the laws: [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_act.html Australian Capital Territory]; [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_nsw.html New South Wales]; [ww.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_nt.html Northern Territory]; [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_qld.html Queensland Queensland]; [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_sa.html South Australia]; [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_sa.html Tasmania]; [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_vic.html Victoria]; [www.humanrights.gov.au/education/bth/resources/laws_wa.html Western Australia|publisher=[[Australian Human Rights Commission]]
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* {{cite web|title=Lake Mungo 3|last=Brown | first = Peter James
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* {{cite web|title=Seminar: The 'myth' of smallpox at Sydney Cove in April 1789|last=Carmody|publisher=Australian National University
* {{cite web|title=Seminar: The 'myth' of smallpox at Sydney Cove in April 1789|last=Carmody|publisher=Australian National University
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202101013/http://caepr.anu.edu.au/Seminars/13/Seminar-Topics%E2%80%94Series-2/07_8_Seminar.php
|date=7. 8. 2013 | accessdate=28. 1. 2017 | archive-date=2. 2. 2017
|date=7. 8. 2013 | accessdate=28. 1. 2017 | archive-date=2. 2. 2017
}}
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* {{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
* {{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
| url = http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Aboriginal%20and%20Torres%20Strait%20Islander%20Population%20Article~12!OpenDocument
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Ред 291: Ред 309:
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| archive-date=28. 11. 2012
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}}
}}
* {{cite journal|title=Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago|last=Clarkson | first = Chris|last2=Jacobs | first2 = Zenobia|last3=Marwick | first3 = Ben|last4=Fullagar | first4 = Richard|last5=Wallis | first5 = Lynley|last6=Smith | first6 = Mike|last7=Roberts | first7 = Richard G.|last8=Hayes | first8 = Elspeth|last9=Lowe | first9 = Kelsey
* {{cite journal|title=Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago|last1=Clarkson | first1 = Chris|last2=Jacobs | first2 = Zenobia|last3=Marwick | first3 = Ben|last4=Fullagar | first4 = Richard|last5=Wallis | first5 = Lynley|last6=Smith | first6 = Mike|last7=Roberts | first7 = Richard G.|last8=Hayes | first8 = Elspeth|last9=Lowe | first9 = Kelsey
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Ред 315: Ред 332:
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| journal = Nature
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|date=19. 7. 2017 | volume = 547 | issue = 7663 |pages=306–310
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* {{cite news|title=Classified Advertising
* {{cite news|title=Classified Advertising
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Ред 325: Ред 342:
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}}
* {{Cite web|title=CLOSING THE GAP REPORT 2018|publisher=Indigenous Accountants Australia
* {{Cite web
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Ред 374: Ред 397:
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Ред 387: Ред 409:
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Ред 401: Ред 423:
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Ред 411: Ред 432:
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Ред 454: Ред 475:
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* {{Cite web|title=Education {{!}} Closing the Gap|publisher=Australian Government: Office of the Prime Minister and Cabinet|url=https://closingthegap.pmc.gov.au/education|accessdate=30. 10. 2018|ref={{harvid|OPMC Closing the Gap}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030170435/https://closingthegap.pmc.gov.au/education|archive-date=30. 10. 2018|url-status=dead}}
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Ред 483: Ред 504:
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* {{cite web|title=Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
* {{cite web|title=Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
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|year=2014| publisher=sapro Conference Management | location = Fullarton, SA
|year=2014| publisher=sapro Conference Management | location = Fullarton, SA
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Ред 500: Ред 521:
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* {{cite web|title=3302.0.55.003 – Experimental Life Tables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2005–2007|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
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Ред 515: Ред 536:
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|date=21. 9. 2007
|date=21. 9. 2007
}}
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* {{Cite book| ref = harv |title=The Soundscapes of Australia: Music, Place And Spirituality|last=Fiona | first = R|year=2007|publisher=Ashgate Publishing| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QKdEMNzz-t4C&pg=PR7|isbn=978-0-7546-4072-1}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Soundscapes of Australia: Music, Place And Spirituality|last=Fiona | first = R|year=2007|publisher=Ashgate Publishing| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QKdEMNzz-t4C&pg=PR7|isbn=978-0-7546-4072-1}}
* {{Cite news|title=First Australian Aboriginal in House of Representatives|publisher=[[Би-Би-Си|BBC]]
* {{Cite news|title=First Australian Aboriginal in House of Representatives|publisher=[[Би-Би-Си|BBC]]
| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11125497
| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11125497
Ред 527: Ред 548:
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}}
}}
* {{cite web|title=Aboriginal victimisation and offending: the picture from police records|last=Fitzgerald | first = Jacqueline|last2=Don | first2 = W|publisher=NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research
* {{cite web|title=Aboriginal victimisation and offending: the picture from police records|last1=Fitzgerald | first1 = Jacqueline|last2=Don | first2 = W|publisher=NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research
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|date=децембар 2001 | accessdate=28. 6. 2009 | archive-date=12. 11. 2010
|date=децембар 2001 | accessdate=28. 6. 2009 | archive-date=12. 11. 2010
}}
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* {{cite web
* {{cite web
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| format = PDF
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| date = јун 2013
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Ред 543: Ред 563:
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* {{Cite book|title=Archaeology of the Dreamtime: The Story of prehistoric Australia and its people| url = https://archive.org/details/archaeologyofdre0000floo |last=Flood | first = Josephine|author-link = Josephine Flood|year=1984|publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]}}
* {{Cite book| ref = harv |chapter=Leadership: the quandary of Aboriginal societies in crises, 1788 – 1830, and 1966|last=Foley | first = Dennis|year=2007|title=Transgressions: Critical Australian Indigenous histories| editor1-last=Macfarlane | editor1-first = Ingereth| editor2-last=Hannah | editor2-first = Mark| publisher=[[Australian National University Press]]|isbn=978-1-921-31344-8 | jstor = j.ctt24hfb0.12| pages = 177-192}}
* {{Cite book|chapter=Leadership: the quandary of Aboriginal societies in crises, 1788 – 1830, and 1966|last=Foley | first = Dennis|year=2007|title=Transgressions: Critical Australian Indigenous histories|volume=16 | editor1-last=Macfarlane | editor1-first = Ingereth| editor2-last=Hannah | editor2-first = Mark| publisher=[[Australian National University Press]]|isbn=978-1-921-31344-8 | jstor = j.ctt24hfb0.12| pages = 177–192}}
* {{cite web|title=Research Note 18 2000–01: The Definition of Aboriginality|last=Gardiner-Garden | first = John|publisher=Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library
* {{cite web|title=Research Note 18 2000–01: The Definition of Aboriginality|last=Gardiner-Garden | first = John|publisher=Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120207071332/http://www.aph.gov.au/LIBRARY/pubs/rn/2000-01/01RN18.htm
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* {{cite web|title=GF's Koori History Website – Koori History Images – 1930s|publisher=Kooriweb.org
* {{cite web|title=GF's Koori History Website – Koori History Images – 1930s|publisher=Kooriweb.org
| url = http://www.kooriweb.org/foley/images/history/pre50s/1930s/dom3.html
| url = http://www.kooriweb.org/foley/images/history/pre50s/1930s/dom3.html
Ред 559: Ред 579:
| url = http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/one-policy-two-camps--the-takeover-rift/2007/10/26/1192941339555.html
| url = http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/one-policy-two-camps--the-takeover-rift/2007/10/26/1192941339555.html
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* {{Cite book| ref = harv |title=The Life and Death of Smallpox|last=Glynn | first = Ian|last2=Jenifer | first2 = G|author-link = Ian Glynn|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tL4W3YNMYLIC&pg=PA145|isbn=978-0-521-84542-7| pages = 145-146}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Life and Death of Smallpox|last1=Glynn | first1 = Ian|last2=Jenifer | first2 = G|author-link = Ian Glynn|year=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tL4W3YNMYLIC&pg=PA145|isbn=978-0-521-84542-7| pages = 145–146}}
* {{Cite news|title=Prehistoric Australian Aboriginal populations were growing|last=Gough | first = Myles
* {{Cite news|title=Prehistoric Australian Aboriginal populations were growing|last=Gough | first = Myles
| magazine = [[Cosmos Magazine]]
| magazine = [[Cosmos Magazine]]
Ред 566: Ред 586:
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120912060604/http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/4305/prehistoric-aboriginal-populations-australia-were-growing
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120912060604/http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/4305/prehistoric-aboriginal-populations-australia-were-growing
|date=11. 5. 2011 | archive-date=12. 9. 2012
|date=11. 5. 2011 | archive-date=12. 9. 2012
}}
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* {{cite web|title=Indigenous Populations, Mixed Discourses and Identities|last=Greg Gardiner|first=Eleanor Bourke|year=2002|publisher=People and Place Volume 8 No 2 [[Универзитет Монаш|Monash University]]|url=http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv8n2/v8n2_5gardiner.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=16. 12. 2009|ref=harv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913214735/http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv8n2/v8n2_5gardiner.pdf|archive-date=13. 9. 2009|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|title=Indigenous Populations, Mixed Discourses and Identities|last=Greg Gardiner|first=Eleanor Bourke|year=2002|publisher=People and Place Volume 8 No 2 [[Универзитет Монаш|Monash University]]|url=http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv8n2/v8n2_5gardiner.pdf|accessdate=16. 12. 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913214735/http://elecpress.monash.edu.au/pnp/free/pnpv8n2/v8n2_5gardiner.pdf|archive-date=13. 9. 2009|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|title=Explainer: the evidence for the Tasmanian genocide|last=Harman | first = Kristyn
* {{cite web|title=Explainer: the evidence for the Tasmanian genocide|last=Harman | first = Kristyn
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| website = The Conversation
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* {{Cite web|title=UN's claims of "racist" NT intervention are widely condemned|last=Hawley | first = Samantha|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation
* {{Cite web|title=UN's claims of "racist" NT intervention are widely condemned|last=Hawley | first = Samantha|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2009/s2670233.htm
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* {{Cite web|title = The health and welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
* {{Cite web|title = The health and welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
|year = 2003|publisher = [[Australian Institute of Health and Welfare]]|url = http://www.aihw.gov.au/publications/index.cfm/title/9226
|year = 2003|publisher = [[Australian Institute of Health and Welfare]]|url = http://www.aihw.gov.au/publications/index.cfm/title/9226
Ред 583: Ред 603:
|archive-date=26. 2. 2011
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* {{cite web|title=4704.0 – the Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008|year=2008|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
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Ред 594: Ред 613:
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* {{cite web|title=Aboriginal People and Place|last=Heiss | first = Anita|last2=Melodie-Jane | first2 = G
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* {{Cite news|title=Historian dismisses Tasmanian aboriginal genocide 'myth'
* {{Cite news|title=Historian dismisses Tasmanian aboriginal genocide 'myth'
| work = PM show|publisher=ABC Local Radio
| work = PM show|publisher=ABC Local Radio
Ред 617: Ред 636:
|archive-date=28. 6. 2016
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}}
* {{cite web|title=History of the Didgeridoo Yidaki|publisher=Aboriginal Arts
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}}
* {{cite web|title=Australia's First Treaty|last=Hobbs | first = Harry|last2=Williams | first2 = George
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* {{cite journal|title = Aboriginal truth and white media: Eric Michaels meets the spirit of Aboriginalism|last = Hodge|first = Robert
* {{cite journal|title = Aboriginal truth and white media: Eric Michaels meets the spirit of Aboriginalism|last = Hodge|first = Robert
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Ред 633: Ред 657:
|volume = 3
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* {{Cite journal|title='Willing to fight to a man': The First World War and Aboriginal activism in the Western District of Victoria|last=Horton | first = Jessica
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| journal = [[Aboriginal History]]
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|year=2015 | volume = 39 |pages=203-222
|year=2015 | volume = 39 |pages=203–222
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* {{cite news|title=Murrumu Walubara Yidindji renounces citizenship to reclaim Australia|last=Howden | first = Saffron
* {{cite news|title=Murrumu Walubara Yidindji renounces citizenship to reclaim Australia|last=Howden | first = Saffron
| newspaper = [[The Age]]
| newspaper = [[The Age]]
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* {{cite journal|title=Who are Indigenous Australians?|last=Hughes | first = Helen
* {{cite journal|title=Who are Indigenous Australians?|last=Hughes | first = Helen
| journal = [[Quadrant (magazine)|Quadrant]]
| journal = [[Quadrant (magazine)|Quadrant]]
|date=новембар 2008
|date=новембар 2008
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* {{Cite web|title=Population Distribution, Migration and Climate Change in Australia: An Exploration|last=Hugo | first = Graeme|publisher=[[Adaptation to global warming in Australia#National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility|NCCARF]]
* {{Cite web|title=Population Distribution, Migration and Climate Change in Australia: An Exploration|last=Hugo | first = Graeme|publisher=[[Adaptation to global warming in Australia#National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility|NCCARF]]
| url = http://www.nccarf.edu.au/wwwold/settlements-infrastructure/sites/www.nccarf.edu.au.settlements-infrastructure/files/file/ACCARNSI%20Node%202%20Discussion%20Paper%20-%20Population%20Distribution%20Migration%20and%20Climate%20Change%20in%20Australia%20%20Final.pdf
| url = http://www.nccarf.edu.au/wwwold/settlements-infrastructure/sites/www.nccarf.edu.au.settlements-infrastructure/files/file/ACCARNSI%20Node%202%20Discussion%20Paper%20-%20Population%20Distribution%20Migration%20and%20Climate%20Change%20in%20Australia%20%20Final.pdf
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* {{cite journal|title=On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind|last=Huxley | first = Thomas
* {{cite journal|title=On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind|last=Huxley | first = Thomas
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| journal = Journal of the Ethnological Society of London
|year=1870
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* {{cite news|title='I am the first!' Linda Burney proclaims history for Indigenous people, women|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]
* {{cite news|title='I am the first!' Linda Burney proclaims history for Indigenous people, women|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-03/'i-am-the-first!'-linda-burney-proclaims-history/7565176
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-03/'i-am-the-first!'-linda-burney-proclaims-history/7565176
Ред 677: Ред 700:
| ref = {{harvid|ABC|2016b}}
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}}
}}
* {{Cite news|title=Imprisonment rates of Indigenous women a national shame|publisher=[[Australian Human Rights Commission]]
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|url-status =
}}
}}
* {{cite web|title=Indigenous Australia: Family|year=2004
* {{cite web|title=Indigenous Australia: Family|year=2004
Ред 724: Ред 753:
* {{cite web|title=The International Rugby Hall of Fame|publisher=Rugby Hall of Fame
* {{cite web|title=The International Rugby Hall of Fame|publisher=Rugby Hall of Fame
| url = http://www.rugbyhalloffame.com/pages/ella1997.htm |url-status=dead
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Ред 738: Ред 767:
| url = http://www.smh.com.au/national/indigenous-health-gap-closes-by-five-years-20090409-a27x.html
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* {{cite web|title=Kakadu: Rock art|publisher=[[Parks Australia]]
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Ред 747: Ред 776:
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* {{Cite news|title=Kava Ban "Sparks Black Market Boom"|publisher=ABC News
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Ред 783: Ред 818:
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Ред 792: Ред 826:
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Ред 802: Ред 835:
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Ред 808: Ред 841:
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Ред 826: Ред 859:
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Ред 833: Ред 866:
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Ред 859: Ред 891:
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Ред 945: Ред 977:
| display-authors = 5
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Ред 968: Ред 1.000:
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Ред 978: Ред 1.010:
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}}
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* {{Cite journal|title=Whole-Genome Genetic Diversity in a Sample of Australians with Deep Aboriginal Ancestry|last=McEvoy | first = B. P.|last2=Lind | first2 = J. M.|last3=Wang | first3 = E. T.|last4=Moyzis | first4 = R. K.|last5=Visscher | first5 = P. M.|last6=Van Holst Pellekaan | first6 = S. M.|last7=Wilton | first7 = A. N.
* {{Cite journal|title=Whole-Genome Genetic Diversity in a Sample of Australians with Deep Aboriginal Ancestry|last1=McEvoy | first1 = B. P.|last2=Lind | first2 = J. M.|last3=Wang | first3 = E. T.|last4=Moyzis | first4 = R. K.|last5=Visscher | first5 = P. M.|last6=Van Holst Pellekaan | first6 = S. M.|last7=Wilton | first7 = A. N.
| journal = The American Journal of Human Genetics
| journal = The American Journal of Human Genetics
|year=2010 | volume = 87 | issue = 2 |pages=297-305
|year=2010 | volume = 87 | issue = 2 |pages=297–305
| doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.07.008 | pmc = 2917718 | pmid = 20691402
| doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.07.008 | pmc = 2917718 | pmid = 20691402
| ref =harv}}<br />"Some individuals are close to the Oceanic cluster, composed of MEL and PAP individuals but most occupy a wide range on PC2 between Europeans and East Asians, generally falling in an area occupied by Central and South Asian populations."
}}<br />"Some individuals are close to the Oceanic cluster, composed of MEL and PAP individuals but most occupy a wide range on PC2 between Europeans and East Asians, generally falling in an area occupied by Central and South Asian populations."
* {{cite news|title=Chickenpox blamed for Aboriginal deaths|last=McIlroy | first = Tom
* {{cite news|title=Chickenpox blamed for Aboriginal deaths|last=McIlroy | first = Tom
| newspaper = The Canberra Times
| newspaper = The Canberra Times
| url = http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/chickenpox-blamed-for-aboriginal-deaths-20130807-2rh3m.html
| url = http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/chickenpox-blamed-for-aboriginal-deaths-20130807-2rh3m.html
|date=8. 8. 2013 | accessdate=17. 10. 2015
|date=8. 8. 2013 | accessdate=17. 10. 2015
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{cite news
* {{cite news
| title = The Aboriginal Tent Embassy has been left off the ACT heritage list
| title = The Aboriginal Tent Embassy has been left off the ACT heritage list
Ред 1.008: Ред 1.039:
| url = https://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/act/the-aboriginal-tent-embassy-has-been-left-off-the-act-heritage-list-20150417-1mn6xe.html
| url = https://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/act/the-aboriginal-tent-embassy-has-been-left-off-the-act-heritage-list-20150417-1mn6xe.html
|date=19. 4. 2015
|date=19. 4. 2015
| ref = harv|accessdate=14. 2. 2019
|accessdate=14. 2. 2019
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181024112910/https://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/act/the-aboriginal-tent-embassy-has-been-left-off-the-act-heritage-list-20150417-1mn6xe.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181024112910/https://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/act/the-aboriginal-tent-embassy-has-been-left-off-the-act-heritage-list-20150417-1mn6xe.html
| archive-date=24. 10. 2018
| archive-date=24. 10. 2018
|url-status=dead
|url-status=dead
| df =
}}
}}
* {{cite web|title=First Words: A Brief History of Public Debate on a New Preamble to the Australian Constitution 1991–1999 (Research Paper 16 1999–2000)|last=McKenna | first = Mark|publisher=Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library
* {{cite web|title=First Words: A Brief History of Public Debate on a New Preamble to the Australian Constitution 1991–1999 (Research Paper 16 1999–2000)|last=McKenna | first = Mark|publisher=Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library
Ред 1.018: Ред 1.048:
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120216141203/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/RP/1999-2000/2000rp16.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120216141203/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/RP/1999-2000/2000rp16.htm
|date=4. 4. 2000 | accessdate=12. 10. 2009 | archive-date=16. 2. 2012
|date=4. 4. 2000 | accessdate=12. 10. 2009 | archive-date=16. 2. 2012
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{cite news|title=What's wrong with this street sign?|last=McMah | first = Lauren
* {{cite news|title=What's wrong with this street sign?|last=McMah | first = Lauren
| website = news.com.au
| website = news.com.au
| url = https://www.news.com.au/national/queensland/calls-for-brisbanes-boundary-street-to-be-renamed-to-remove-reminder-of-racist-history/news-story/570e8515b67194d9dfefe307e264e96a
| url = https://www.news.com.au/national/queensland/calls-for-brisbanes-boundary-street-to-be-renamed-to-remove-reminder-of-racist-history/news-story/570e8515b67194d9dfefe307e264e96a
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|date=2. 2. 2016 | accessdate=15. 9. 2018
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* {{cite journal
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|title = The Origin of the Smallpox Outbreak in Sydney in 1789|last = Mear|first = Craig
|title = The Origin of the Smallpox Outbreak in Sydney in 1789|last = Mear|first = Craig
Ред 1.030: Ред 1.060:
|volume = 94
|volume = 94
|issue = 1
|issue = 1
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|pages = 1–22
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|archive-date=6. 4. 2012
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}}
}}
* {{cite web|title=1370.0 – Measures of Australia's Progress, 2004|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
* {{cite web|title=1370.0 – Measures of Australia's Progress, 2004|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
Ред 1.046: Ред 1.075:
| url = https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-25/rottnest-island-black-prison-to-white-playground/7962940
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}}
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* {{cite news|title=Aborigines turn to Islam|last=Mercer | first = Phil|publisher=BBC
* {{cite news|title=Aborigines turn to Islam|last=Mercer | first = Phil|publisher=BBC
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2902315.stm
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* {{Cite news|title=Mills dumped as Giles takes top Territory job|publisher=ABC News
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| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-03-13/terry-mills-dumped-as-nt-leader/4570820
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-03-13/terry-mills-dumped-as-nt-leader/4570820
Ред 1.069: Ред 1.098:
| url = https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-17/rottnest-islands-forgotten-aboriginal-prisoners/9149048
| url = https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-17/rottnest-islands-forgotten-aboriginal-prisoners/9149048
|date=17. 11. 2017
|date=17. 11. 2017
}}
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* {{Cite journal|title=Antiquity and diversity of aboriginal Australian Y-chromosomes|last=Nagle | first = N|last2=Ballantyne | first2 = KN|last3=van Oven | first3 = M|last4=Tyler-Smith | first4 = C|last5=Xue | first5 = Y|last6=Taylor | first6 = D|last7=Wilcox | first7 = S|last8=Wilcox | first8 = L|last9=Turkalov | first9 = R
* {{Cite journal|title=Antiquity and diversity of aboriginal Australian Y-chromosomes|last1=Nagle | first1 = N|last2=Ballantyne | first2 = KN|last3=van Oven | first3 = M|last4=Tyler-Smith | first4 = C|last5=Xue | first5 = Y|last6=Taylor | first6 = D|last7=Wilcox | first7 = S|last8=Wilcox | first8 = L|last9=Turkalov | first9 = R
| last10=van Oorschot | first10 = RA
| last10=van Oorschot | first10 = RA
| last11=McAllister | first11 = P
| last11=McAllister | first11 = P
Ред 1.078: Ред 1.107:
| display-authors = 6
| display-authors = 6
| journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology
| journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology
|year=2015 | volume = 159 | issue = 3 |pages=367-81
|year=2015 | volume = 159 | issue = 3 |pages=367–81
| doi = 10.1002/ajpa.22886 | pmid = 26515539
| doi = 10.1002/ajpa.22886 | pmid = 26515539
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{cite journal|title=National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, 2004–2005 (ABS Cat. 4715.0), Table 1|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|year=2006b
* {{cite journal|title=National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, 2004–2005 (ABS Cat. 4715.0), Table 1|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|year=2006b
| url = http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/B1BCF4E6DD320A0BCA25714C001822BC/$File/47150_2004-05.pdf
| url = http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/B1BCF4E6DD320A0BCA25714C001822BC/$File/47150_2004-05.pdf
| format = PDF|accessdate=23. 6. 2008
|accessdate=23. 6. 2008
| ref = {{harvid|ABoS|2006b}}
| ref = {{harvid|ABoS|2006b}}
}}
}}
* {{cite web|title=National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, 2004–2005 (ABS Cat. 4715.0), Table 6|year=2006a|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics
* {{cite web|title=National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, 2004–2005 (ABS Cat. 4715.0), Table 6|year=2006a|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics
| url = http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/B1BCF4E6DD320A0BCA25714C001822BC/$File/47150_2004-05.pdf
| url = http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/B1BCF4E6DD320A0BCA25714C001822BC/$File/47150_2004-05.pdf
| format = PDF|accessdate=1. 6. 2006
|accessdate=1. 6. 2006
| ref = {{harvid|ABoS|2006a}}
| ref = {{harvid|ABoS|2006a}}
}}
}}
Ред 1.099: Ред 1.128:
| url = http://world.time.com/2013/05/30/australias-aborigines-launch-a-bold-legal-push-for-independence/
| url = http://world.time.com/2013/05/30/australias-aborigines-launch-a-bold-legal-push-for-independence/
|date=30. 5. 2013 | accessdate=11. 4. 2014
|date=30. 5. 2013 | accessdate=11. 4. 2014
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{Cite news|title=Australia's Aborigines Launch a Bold Legal Push for Independence|last=Neubauer | first = Ian Lloyd
* {{Cite news|title=Australia's Aborigines Launch a Bold Legal Push for Independence|last=Neubauer | first = Ian Lloyd
| magazine = Time
| magazine = Time
Ред 1.119: Ред 1.148:
* {{cite journal|title=Becoming 'Authentic' Australians through Music|last=Newton | first = Janice
* {{cite journal|title=Becoming 'Authentic' Australians through Music|last=Newton | first = Janice
| journal = Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice
| journal = Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice
|year=1990 | volume = 27 | issue = 27 |pages=93-101
|year=1990 | volume = 27 | issue = 27 |pages=93–101| jstor = 23164573
}}
| doi = 10.2307/23164573 | doi-broken-date=3. 10. 2018 | jstor = 23164573
* {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|Traditional Healers|2013}} |title=Traditional Healers of Central Australia: Ngangkari |last=Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women's Council Aboriginal Corporation |year=2013 |publisher=[[Magabala Books]] |location=Broome, WA |url=https://www.magabala.com/traditional-healers-of-the-central-desert-ngangkari.html |isbn=978-1921248825 |pages=15–19}}
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* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|''The Australian''|2007}} |title = Noel Pearson's statement on Kevin Rudd |newspaper = The Australian |url = http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22809264-601,00.html |date=23. 11. 2007|accessdate=12. 10. 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215151830/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22809264-601,00.html |archive-date=15. 12. 2008 |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|Traditional Healers|2013}} |title=Traditional Healers of Central Australia: Ngangkari |last=Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women's Council Aboriginal Corporation |year=2013 |publisher=[[Magabala Books]] |location=Broome, WA |url=https://www.magabala.com/traditional-healers-of-the-central-desert-ngangkari.html |isbn=978-1921248825 |pages=15-19}}
* {{cite news |ref={{harvid|''The Australian''|2007}} |title = Noel Pearson's statement on Kevin Rudd |newspaper = The Australian |url = http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22809264-601,00.html |date=23. 11. 2007|accessdate=12. 10. 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215151830/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22809264-601,00.html |archive-date=15. 12. 2008 |url-status=dead |df=}}
* {{cite news|title=Bill Shorten keeps Kim Carr on frontbench in shadow ministry shuffle|last=Norman | first = Jane|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]
* {{cite news|title=Bill Shorten keeps Kim Carr on frontbench in shadow ministry shuffle|last=Norman | first = Jane|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-22/bill-shorten-keeps-kim-carr-on-frontbench-in-shadow-ministry/7652856
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-22/bill-shorten-keeps-kim-carr-on-frontbench-in-shadow-ministry/7652856
|date=22. 7. 2016 | accessdate=23. 7. 2016
|date=22. 7. 2016 | accessdate=23. 7. 2016
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{cite news|title=Victoria passes Aboriginal treaty bill|last=Offer | first = Marnie Banger and Kaitlyn
* {{cite news|title=Victoria passes Aboriginal treaty bill|last=Offer | first = Marnie Banger and Kaitlyn
| newspaper = The Age
| newspaper = The Age
| url = https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/victoria-passes-aboriginal-treaty-bill-20180621-p4zmzz.html
| url = https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/victoria-passes-aboriginal-treaty-bill-20180621-p4zmzz.html
|date=21. 6. 2018 | accessdate=22. 6. 2018
|date=21. 6. 2018 | accessdate=22. 6. 2018
}}
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* {{cite news|title=Oldest known evidence of Aboriginal settlement in arid Australia found in Flinders Ranges rock shelter|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]
* {{cite news|title=Oldest known evidence of Aboriginal settlement in arid Australia found in Flinders Ranges rock shelter|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-03/rock-shelter-shows-early-aboriginal-settlement-in-arid-australia/7983864
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-03/rock-shelter-shows-early-aboriginal-settlement-in-arid-australia/7983864
Ред 1.138: Ред 1.166:
| ref = {{harvid|ABC|2016a}}
| ref = {{harvid|ABC|2016a}}
}}
}}
* {{Cite journal|title=Single-grain optical dating of grave-infill associated with human burials at Lake Mungo, Australia|last=Olley | first = J. M.|last2=Roberts | first2 = R. G.|last3=Yoshida | first3 = H.|last4=Bowler | first4 = J. M.
* {{Cite journal|title=Single-grain optical dating of grave-infill associated with human burials at Lake Mungo, Australia|last1=Olley | first1 = J. M.|last2=Roberts | first2 = R. G.|last3=Yoshida | first3 = H.|last4=Bowler | first4 = J. M.
| journal = Quaternary Science Reviews
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|year=2006 | volume = 25 | issue = 19–20 |pages=2469–2474
| bibcode = 2006QSRv...25.2469O | doi = 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.022
| bibcode = 2006QSRv...25.2469O | doi = 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.022
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* {{Cite journal|title=Isolation and Evolution in Tasmania|last=Pardoe | first = C.
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| journal = Current Anthropology
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|year=1991 | volume = 32 |pages=1
|year=1991 | volume = 32 |pages=1
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* {{Cite journal|title=Becoming Australian|last=Pardoe | first = C.
* {{Cite journal|title=Becoming Australian|last=Pardoe | first = C.
| journal = Before Farming
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|year=2006 | volume = 2006 |pages=1-21
|year=2006 | volume = 2006 |pages=1–21
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| doi = 10.3828/bfarm.2006.1.4
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* {{Cite book|title=Dark Emu; Black Seeds: Agriculture or Accident|last=Pascoe | first = Bruce|year=2015|publisher=Magaballa Books|isbn=978-1911344780}}
* {{Cite web|title=Persons in corrective services|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
* {{Cite web|title=Persons in corrective services|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
| url = http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4512.0
| url = http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4512.0
Ред 1.160: Ред 1.188:
}}
}}
* {{Cite web|title=Petrol Sniffing in Remote Northern Territory Communities|publisher=Northern Territory Government
* {{Cite web|title=Petrol Sniffing in Remote Northern Territory Communities|publisher=Northern Territory Government
| url = http://www.nt.gov.au/lant/parliament/committees/substance/Petrol%20Sniffing%20Report%20-%20FINAL.pdf | format = pdf |url-status=dead
| url = http://www.nt.gov.au/lant/parliament/committees/substance/Petrol%20Sniffing%20Report%20-%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110414100601/http://nt.gov.au/lant/parliament/committees/substance/Petrol%20Sniffing%20Report%20-%20FINAL.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110414100601/http://nt.gov.au/lant/parliament/committees/substance/Petrol%20Sniffing%20Report%20-%20FINAL.pdf
|date=октобар 2004 | archive-date=14. 4. 2011
|date=октобар 2004 | archive-date=14. 4. 2011
Ред 1.186: Ред 1.214:
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120203012437/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/Pubs/RN/2003-04/04rn05.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120203012437/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/Pubs/RN/2003-04/04rn05.htm
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|date=11. 8. 2003 | archive-date=3. 2. 2012
}}
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* {{cite news
* {{cite news
|title = Preserving Indigenous culture through language
|title = Preserving Indigenous culture through language
Ред 1.209: Ред 1.237:
|ref = {{harvid|ABoS|2010b}}
|ref = {{harvid|ABoS|2010b}}
|url-status=dead
|url-status=dead
}}
|df =
}}
* {{cite web|title=Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online
* {{cite web|title=Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online
| website = australianscreen
| website = australianscreen
Ред 1.216: Ред 1.243:
| ref = {{harvid|ASO - Rabbit-Proof Fence}}
| ref = {{harvid|ASO - Rabbit-Proof Fence}}
}}
}}
* {{Cite journal|title=An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia|last=Rasmussen | first = M.|last2=Guo | first2 = X.|last3=Wang | first3 = Y.|last4=Lohmueller | first4 = K. E.|last5=Rasmussen | first5 = S.|last6=Albrechtsen | first6 = A.|last7=Skotte | first7 = L.|last8=Lindgreen | first8 = S.|last9=Metspalu | first9 = M.
* {{Cite journal|title=An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia|last1=Rasmussen | first1 = M.|last2=Guo | first2 = X.|last3=Wang | first3 = Y.|last4=Lohmueller | first4 = K. E.|last5=Rasmussen | first5 = S.|last6=Albrechtsen | first6 = A.|last7=Skotte | first7 = L.|last8=Lindgreen | first8 = S.|last9=Metspalu | first9 = M.
| last10=Jombart | first10 = T.
| last10=Jombart | first10 = T.
| last11=Kivisild | first11 = T.
| last11=Kivisild | first11 = T.
Ред 1.240: Ред 1.267:
| display-authors = 5
| display-authors = 5
| journal = Science
| journal = Science
|year=2011 | volume = 334 | issue = 6052 |pages=94-98
|year=2011 | volume = 334 | issue = 6052 |pages=94–98
| bibcode = 2011Sci...334...94R | doi = 10.1126/science.1211177 | pmc = 3991479 | pmid = 21940856
| bibcode = 2011Sci...334...94R | doi = 10.1126/science.1211177 | pmc = 3991479 | pmid = 21940856
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{Cite book| ref = harv |title=The Stolen Generations: The Removal of Aboriginal children in New South Wales 1883 to 1969|last=Read | first = Peter|year=1981|publisher=Department of Aboriginal Affairs (New South Wales government)| url = http://www.daa.nsw.gov.au/publications/StolenGenerations.pdf | format = PDF |url-status=dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120409231929/http://www.daa.nsw.gov.au/publications/StolenGenerations.pdf| archive-date=9. 4. 2012|isbn=978-0-646-46221-9}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Stolen Generations: The Removal of Aboriginal children in New South Wales 1883 to 1969|last=Read | first = Peter|year=1981|publisher=Department of Aboriginal Affairs (New South Wales government)| url = http://www.daa.nsw.gov.au/publications/StolenGenerations.pdf |url-status=dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120409231929/http://www.daa.nsw.gov.au/publications/StolenGenerations.pdf| archive-date=9. 4. 2012|isbn=978-0-646-46221-9}}
* {{cite web|title=Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia
* {{cite web|title=Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia
| url = http://www.youmeunity.org.au/uploads/assets/html-report/index.html |url-status=dead
| url = http://www.youmeunity.org.au/uploads/assets/html-report/index.html |url-status=dead
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| archive-url = https://archive.today/20121129234148/http://www.youmeunity.org.au/uploads/assets/html-report/index.html
|date=јануар 2012 | accessdate=25. 10. 2012 | archive-date=29. 11. 2012
|date=јануар 2012 | accessdate=25. 10. 2012 | archive-date=29. 11. 2012
| ref = {{harvid|CoA|2012}}
| ref = {{harvid|CoA|2012}}
Ред 1.265: Ред 1.292:
| url-status = dead
| url-status = dead
}}
}}
* {{Cite journal|title=Genomic and cranial phenotype data support multiple modern human dispersals from Africa and a southern route into Asia|last=Reyes-Centeno | first = Hugo|last2=Ghirotto | first2 = Silvia|last3=Détroit | first3 = Florent|last4=Grimaud-Hervé | first4 = Dominique|last5=Barbujani | first5 = Guido|last6=Harvati | first6 = Katerina
* {{Cite journal |title=Genomic and cranial phenotype data support multiple modern human dispersals from Africa and a southern route into Asia |last1=Reyes-Centeno |first1=Hugo |last2=Ghirotto |first2=Silvia |last3=Détroit |first3=Florent |last4=Grimaud-Hervé |first4=Dominique |last5=Barbujani |first5=Guido |last6=Harvati |first6=Katerina |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |date=20. 5. 2014 |volume=111 |issue=20 |pages=7248–7253 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1323666111 |pmid=24753576 |pmc=4034217 |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite book |chapter="Many were killed from falling over the cliffs": The naming of Mount Wheeler, Central Queensland |last=Richards |first=Jonathan |title=Indigenous and minority placenames: Australian and international perspectives |editor1-last=Clark | editor1-first = Ian D |editor2-last=Hercus |editor2-first=Luise |editor3-last=Kostanski |editor3-first=Laura |publisher=ANU Press |series=Aboriginal history mongraph |url=http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p286811/pdf/book.pdf?referer=258 |format=PDF |year=2014 |pages=147–161 |isbn=9781925021639}}
| journal = [[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]
* {{cite journal|title=Genocide and frontier violence in Australia|last1=Rogers | first1 = Thomas James|last2=Bain | first2 = Stephen
|date=20. 5. 2014 | volume = 111 | issue = 20 |pages=7248-7253
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* {{Cite book |ref=harv |chapter="Many were killed from falling over the cliffs": The naming of Mount Wheeler, Central Queensland |last=Richards |first=Jonathan |title=Indigenous and minority placenames: Australian and international perspectives |editor1-last=Clark | editor1-first = Ian D |editor2-last=Hercus |editor2-first=Luise |editor3-last=Kostanski |editor3-first=Laura |publisher=ANU Press |series=Aboriginal history mongraph |url=http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p286811/pdf/book.pdf?referer=258 |format=PDF |year=2014 |pages=147-161 |isbn=9781925021639}}
* {{cite journal|title=Genocide and frontier violence in Australia|last=Rogers | first = Thomas James|last2=Bain | first2 = Stephen
| journal = Journal of Genocide Research
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|date=3. 2. 2016 | volume = 18 | issue = 1 |pages=83-100
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* {{cite web|title=Roll out of OPAL fuel to help combat petrol sniffing|publisher=Department of Health and Ageing
* {{cite web|title=Roll out of OPAL fuel to help combat petrol sniffing|publisher=Department of Health and Ageing
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Ред 1.283: Ред 1.306:
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}}
}}
* {{Cite book| ref = harv |title=The Aboriginal Tasmanians | edition = 2nd|last=Ryan | first = Lyndall|author-link = Lyndall Ryan|publisher=[[Allen & Unwin]] | location = Crows Nest|year=1996|isbn=978-1-86373-965-8}}
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* {{Cite news|title=Live: Woodford Folk Festival 2015/16: Fire event and New Year's Day: News: Noel Pearson says Andrew Bolt 'becoming Indigenous'|last=Seed | first = Daniel
* {{Cite news|title=Live: Woodford Folk Festival 2015/16: Fire event and New Year's Day: News: Noel Pearson says Andrew Bolt 'becoming Indigenous'|last=Seed | first = Daniel
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}}
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* {{Cite news
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| title = Sequencing Uncovers a 9,000 Mile Walkabout
| title = Sequencing Uncovers a 9,000 Mile Walkabout
| newspaper = ICommunity Newsletter
| newspaper = ICommunity Newsletter
| url = http://www.illumina.com/documents/icommunity/article_2012_04_Aboriginal_Genome.pdf
| url = http://www.illumina.com/documents/icommunity/article_2012_04_Aboriginal_Genome.pdf
| format = pdf
| date = април 2012
| date = април 2012
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| ref = {{harvid|ICommunity Newsletter|2012}}
Ред 1.310: Ред 1.332:
| url = https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/australia-needs-to-own-up-to-its-slave-history-20150427-1muhg3.html
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|date=28. 4. 2015
|date=28. 4. 2015
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* {{cite web|title=Sir Douglas Nicholls|publisher=Civics and Citizenship Education
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}}
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|title = Sir Douglas Nicholls
|publisher = Civics and Citizenship Education
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}}
* {{Cite journal|title=The thermal history of human fossils and the likelihood of successful DNA amplification|last1=Smith | first1 = C. I.|last2=Chamberlain | first2 = A. T.|last3=Riley | first3 = M. S.|last4=Stringer | first4 = C.|last5=Collins | first5 = M. J.
| journal = Journal of Human Evolution
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|year=2003 | volume = 45 | issue = 3 |pages=203-17
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* {{Cite journal|title=The 'viability' and resilience of communities and settlements in desert Australia|last=Smith | first = M. S.|last2=Moran | first2 = M.|last3=Seemann | first3 = K.
* {{Cite journal|title=The 'viability' and resilience of communities and settlements in desert Australia|last1=Smith | first1 = M. S.|last2=Moran | first2 = M.|last3=Seemann | first3 = K.
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* {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|ADBO|1929}} |chapter=Spencer, Sir Walter Baldwin (1860–1929) |title=Spencer, Sir Walter Baldwin (1860–1929) Biographical Entry |publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography |url=http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A120043b.htm |date=14. 7. 1929}}
* {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|ADBO|1929}} |chapter=Spencer, Sir Walter Baldwin (1860–1929) |title=Spencer, Sir Walter Baldwin (1860–1929) Biographical Entry |publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography |url=http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A120043b.htm |date=14. 7. 1929}}
* {{Cite book |ref=harv |title=Race and Ethnicity: Culture, identity and representation |url=https://archive.org/details/raceethnicityide00spen |last=Spencer |first=Stephen |year=2006 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-1-134-26639-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/raceethnicityide00spen/page/n53 33]-34}}
* {{Cite book |title=Race and Ethnicity: Culture, identity and representation |url=https://archive.org/details/raceethnicityide00spen |last=Spencer |first=Stephen |year=2006 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-1-134-26639-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/raceethnicityide00spen/page/n53 33]-34}}
* {{Cite journal |ref=harv |title=Origins of Travelling Stock Routes. 1. Connections to Indigenous traditional pathways |last=Spooner |first = P. G. |last2=Firman |first2=M. |last3=Yalmambirra |journal=The Rangeland Journal |year=2013 |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=329 |doi=10.1071/RJ10009}}
* {{Cite journal |title=Origins of Travelling Stock Routes. 1. Connections to Indigenous traditional pathways |last1=Spooner |first1 = P. G. |last2=Firman |first2=M. |last3=Yalmambirra |journal=The Rangeland Journal |year=2013 |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=329 |doi=10.1071/RJ10009}}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Australian Museum}} |title=The spread of people to Australia |publisher=[[Australian Museum]] |url=http://australianmuseum.net.au/The-spread-of-people-to-Australia}}
* {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Australian Museum}} |title=The spread of people to Australia |publisher=[[Australian Museum]] |url=http://australianmuseum.net.au/The-spread-of-people-to-Australia}}
* {{cite web|title=The spread of people to Australia|publisher=[[Australian Museum]]
* {{cite web|title=The spread of people to Australia|publisher=[[Australian Museum]]
Ред 1.349: Ред 1.377:
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080107223220/http://aic.gov.au/crc/reports/tatz/
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|date=14. 7. 1999 | archive-date=7. 1. 2008
|date=14. 7. 1999 | archive-date=7. 1. 2008
}}
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* {{Cite book|title=Unearthed: the Aboriginal Tasmanians of Kangaroo Island|last=Taylor | first = Rebe|year=2008 | orig-year=First published 2004|publisher=Wakefield Press| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gnxF-LE2grgC|isbn=978-1-862-54798-8}}
* {{cite news|title=Two Queensland mountains to be renamed to rid them of racist connotations|last=Terzon | first = Emilia|last2=Robinson | first2 = Paul|publisher=ABC News
* {{cite news|title=Two Queensland mountains to be renamed to rid them of racist connotations|last1=Terzon | first1 = Emilia|last2=Robinson | first2 = Paul|publisher=ABC News
| url = https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-15/mount-jim-crow-and-mount-wheeler-to-be-renamed/9762114
| url = https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-15/mount-jim-crow-and-mount-wheeler-to-be-renamed/9762114
|date=15. 5. 2018
|date=15. 5. 2018
}}
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* {{Cite book|chapter=Indigenous Australia: Indigenous Health|last=Thomson | first = Neil|year=2001|title=The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people and their Origins| editor-last=Jupp | editor-first = James|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-80789-0| pages = 153}}
* {{cite web|title=Colliding worlds: first contact in the western desert, 1932–1984|last=Thorley | first = Peter
* {{cite web|title=Colliding worlds: first contact in the western desert, 1932–1984|last=Thorley | first = Peter
|year=2006|publisher=reCollections.nma.gov.au
|year=2006|publisher=reCollections.nma.gov.au
Ред 1.361: Ред 1.389:
| volume = 1
| volume = 1
| url = http://recollections.nma.gov.au/issues/vol_1_no_2/exhibition_reviews/colliding_worlds/|accessdate=29. 1. 2017
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}}
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* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|NMoA|1968}} |title=Timeline: 1960–69: 1967, 27 May referendum |publisher=National Museum of Australia |url=http://indigenousrights.net.au/timeline.asp?startyear=1960&1=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510053048/http://indigenousrights.net.au/timeline.asp?startyear=1960&1=1 |date=13. 7. 1968 |accessdate=12. 10. 2009 |archive-date=10. 5. 2013}}
* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|NMoA|1968}} |title=Timeline: 1960–69: 1967, 27 May referendum |publisher=National Museum of Australia |url=http://indigenousrights.net.au/timeline.asp?startyear=1960&1=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510053048/http://indigenousrights.net.au/timeline.asp?startyear=1960&1=1 |date=13. 7. 1968 |accessdate=12. 10. 2009 |archive-date=10. 5. 2013}}
* {{Cite book |ref=harv |title=Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names |last=Tindale |first=Norman Barnett |author-link=Norman Tindale |year=1974 |publisher=[[Australian National University Press]] |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114913/2/b13565965.pdf |format=PDF |isbn=978-0-708-10741-6}}
* {{Cite book |title=Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names |last=Tindale |first=Norman Barnett |author-link=Norman Tindale |year=1974 |publisher=[[Australian National University Press]] |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114913/2/b13565965.pdf |isbn=978-0-708-10741-6}}
* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|ASO - The Tracker}} |title=The Tracker (2002) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online |website=australianscreen |url=http://aso.gov.au/titles/features/tracker/ |accessdate=2. 6. 2011}}
* {{cite web |ref={{harvid|ASO - The Tracker}} |title=The Tracker (2002) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online |website=australianscreen |url=http://aso.gov.au/titles/features/tracker/ |accessdate=2. 6. 2011}}
* {{cite AustLII |ref={{harvid|AustLII|1934}} |litigants=[[Tuckiar v The King]] |source=HCA |num=49 |year=1934 |courtname=auto |parallelcite=<!-- improper URL commented out: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1934/49.pdf -->(1934) 52 {{abbr|CLR|Commonwealth Law Reports}} 335}}
* {{cite AustLII |ref={{harvid|AustLII|1934}} |litigants=[[Tuckiar v The King]] |source=HCA |num=49 |year=1934 |courtname=auto |parallelcite=<!-- improper URL commented out: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1934/49.pdf -->(1934) 52 {{abbr|CLR|Commonwealth Law Reports}} 335}}
* {{cite web |title=Uluru-Kata Tjuta: Rock art |publisher=[[Parks Australia]] | url = https://parksaustralia.gov.au/uluru/people-place/rock-art.html|accessdate=29. 1. 2017 | ref = {{harvid|Parks Australia (2)}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Uluru-Kata Tjuta: Rock art |publisher=[[Parks Australia]] | url = https://parksaustralia.gov.au/uluru/people-place/rock-art.html|accessdate=29. 1. 2017 | ref = {{harvid|Parks Australia (2)}}}}
* {{Cite web|title=The burden of disease and injury in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: Summary report|last=Vos | first = T.|last2=Barker | first2 = B.|last3=Stanley | first3 = L.|last4=Lopez | first4 = A.
* {{Cite web|title=The burden of disease and injury in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: Summary report|last1=Vos | first1 = T.|last2=Barker | first2 = B.|last3=Stanley | first3 = L.|last4=Lopez | first4 = A.
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Ред 1.373: Ред 1.401:
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100310121935/http://www.uq.edu.au/bodce/index.html?page=68411
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100310121935/http://www.uq.edu.au/bodce/index.html?page=68411
| archive-date=10. 3. 2010
| archive-date=10. 3. 2010
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{cite news|title=South Australia halts Indigenous treaty talks as premier says he has 'other priorities'|last=Wahlquist | first = Calla
* {{cite news|title=South Australia halts Indigenous treaty talks as premier says he has 'other priorities'|last=Wahlquist | first = Calla
| newspaper = The Guardian
| newspaper = The Guardian
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/apr/30/south-australia-halts-indigenous-treaty-talks-as-premier-says-he-has-other-priorities
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/apr/30/south-australia-halts-indigenous-treaty-talks-as-premier-says-he-has-other-priorities
|date=30. 4. 2018 | accessdate=30. 4. 2018
|date=30. 4. 2018 | accessdate=30. 4. 2018
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{citation| title = Cross cultural communication problems in Aboriginal Australia|last=Walsh | first = Michael
* {{citation| title = Cross cultural communication problems in Aboriginal Australia|last=Walsh | first = Michael
|year=1997|publisher=Australian National University, North Australia Research Unit
|year=1997|publisher=Australian National University, North Australia Research Unit
| url = https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/47329|pages=7-9|isbn=9780731528745
| url = https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/47329|pages=7–9|isbn=9780731528745
}}
}}
* {{cite journal|title=Surgeon John White|last=Warren | first = Christopher|publisher=The Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies NSW
* {{cite journal|title=Surgeon John White|last=Warren | first = Christopher|publisher=The Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies NSW
|date=март 2014 | volume = 65 | issue = 1 |pages=7
|date=март 2014 | volume = 65 | issue = 1 |pages=7
| department = Letters
| department = Letters
| url = http://www.rusinsw.org.au/Papers/2014AU05.pdf | format = PDF
| url = http://www.rusinsw.org.au/Papers/2014AU05.pdf | ref = {{harvid|United Service|2014}}
| ref = {{harvid|United Service|2014}}
}}
}}
* {{Cite news|title=Kevin Rudd says sorry|last=Welch | first = Dylan
* {{Cite news|title=Kevin Rudd says sorry|last=Welch | first = Dylan
Ред 1.393: Ред 1.420:
| url = https://www.smh.com.au/national/kevin-rudd-says-sorry-20080214-gds0vu.html
| url = https://www.smh.com.au/national/kevin-rudd-says-sorry-20080214-gds0vu.html
|date=13. 2. 2008 | accessdate=30. 10. 2018
|date=13. 2. 2008 | accessdate=30. 10. 2018
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{Cite journal|title=A new population curve for prehistoric Australia|last=William | first = Alan
* {{Cite journal|title=A new population curve for prehistoric Australia|last=William | first = Alan
| journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society
| journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society
|date=24. 4. 2013
|date=24. 4. 2013
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{cite journal|title=The extinction of the Australian pygmies|last=Windschuttle | first = Keith|last2=Tim | first2 = G
* {{cite journal|title=The extinction of the Australian pygmies|last1=Windschuttle | first1 = Keith|last2=Tim | first2 = G
|author-link = Keith Windschuttle
|author-link = Keith Windschuttle
| journal = [[Quadrant (magazine)|Quadrant]]
| journal = [[Quadrant (magazine)|Quadrant]]
Ред 1.405: Ред 1.432:
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130729090807/http://www.sydneyline.com/Pygmies%20Extinction.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130729090807/http://www.sydneyline.com/Pygmies%20Extinction.htm
| archive-date=29. 7. 2013
| archive-date=29. 7. 2013
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{cite journal|title=Constitutional Reform 2013: What are we trying to achieve?|last=Wood | first = Asmi
* {{cite journal
|title = Constitutional Reform 2013: What are we trying to achieve?
|last = Wood
|first = Asmi
| journal = Alternative Law Journal
|journal = Alternative Law Journal
|year=2012 | volume = 37 | issue = 3 |pages=156
|year = 2012
| url = http://www.altlj.org/publications/back-issues/2012-vol-37/product/775-constitutional-reform-2013-what-are-we-trying-to-achieve/category_pathway-108
|volume = 37
| ref =harv}}
|issue = 3
|pages = 156
|doi = 10.1177/1037969X1203700303
|s2cid = 146744619
|url = http://www.altlj.org/publications/back-issues/2012-vol-37/product/775-constitutional-reform-2013-what-are-we-trying-to-achieve/category_pathway-108
|access-date = 14. 02. 2019
|archive-date = 19. 03. 2021
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210319065441/https://www.altlj.org/publications/back-issues/2012-vol-37/product/775-constitutional-reform-2013-what-are-we-trying-to-achieve/category_pathway-108
|url-status =
}}
* {{Cite web|title=The World Today – UN rapporteur raps NT intervention 24/02/2010|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]
* {{Cite web|title=The World Today – UN rapporteur raps NT intervention 24/02/2010|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2010/s2828921.htm
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2010/s2828921.htm
Ред 1.420: Ред 1.459:
| url = http://www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/aboriginal-archaeological-discovery-in-kakadu-rewrites-the-history-of-australia-20170719-gxe3qy.html
| url = http://www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/aboriginal-archaeological-discovery-in-kakadu-rewrites-the-history-of-australia-20170719-gxe3qy.html
|date=20. 7. 2017
|date=20. 7. 2017
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{cite news|title=Former Aboriginal prison on Rottnest Island closed for tourist lodging|last=Wynne | first = Emma|publisher=ABC News
* {{cite news|title=Former Aboriginal prison on Rottnest Island closed for tourist lodging|last=Wynne | first = Emma|publisher=ABC News
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-30/rottnest-aboriginal-prison-closed-as-holiday-accommodation/9815882
| url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-30/rottnest-aboriginal-prison-closed-as-holiday-accommodation/9815882
|date=30. 5. 2018
|date=30. 5. 2018
}}
| ref =harv}}
* {{Cite web|title=1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2002|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
* {{Cite web|title=1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2002|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]
| url = http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/bfc28642d31c215cca256b350010b3f4!OpenDocument
| url = http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/bfc28642d31c215cca256b350010b3f4!OpenDocument
Ред 1.455: Ред 1.494:
| display-authors = etal
| display-authors = etal
|year=2015|publisher=Australian Government: Indigenous Culture Support|pages=12
|year=2015|publisher=Australian Government: Indigenous Culture Support|pages=12
| url = https://arts.adelaide.edu.au/linguistics/guide.pdf | format = PDF
| url = https://arts.adelaide.edu.au/linguistics/guide.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160330114112/http://arts.adelaide.edu.au/linguistics/guide.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160330114112/http://arts.adelaide.edu.au/linguistics/guide.pdf
| archive-date=30. 3. 2016
| archive-date=30. 3. 2016
}}
}}
Ред 1.466: Ред 1.504:
|date=26. 8. 2009
|date=26. 8. 2009
|archive-date=23. 9. 2009
|archive-date=23. 9. 2009
|ref = harv|accessdate=14. 2. 2019
|accessdate=14. 2. 2019
|df =
}}
}}
{{Литература крај}}
{{refend}}

== Додатна литература ==
* {{cite journal |last1= Dunbar-Hall|first1= Peter|last2= Gibson|first2= Chris|date= 2000|title=Singing about nations within nations: Geopolitics and Identity in Australian Indigenous rock music |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_popular-music-and-society_summer-2000_24_2/page/45|journal= Popular Music and Society|volume= 24|issue= 2|pages= 45–73|doi=10.1080/03007760008591767 }}

* {{cite journal |last1= Sutton|first1= Peter|date= 2001|title=The politics of suffering: Indigenous policy in Australia since the 1970s |url= |journal= Anthropological Forum|volume= 11|issue= 2|pages= 125–173|doi=10.1080/00664670125674 }}


== Спољашње везе ==
== Спољашње везе ==
{{Commonscat|Aboriginal Australians}}
{{Commonscat|Aboriginal Australians}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051218034817/http://users.orac.net.au/%7Emhumphry/aborigin.html Страница о абориџинима]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051218034817/http://users.orac.net.au/%7Emhumphry/aborigin.html Страница о Абориџинима]
* -{[https://web.archive.org/web/20171017163955/http://www.michaelmatucci.com/first-nations-doc/ Colonization of the indigenous]}-
* -{[https://web.archive.org/web/20171017163955/http://www.michaelmatucci.com/first-nations-doc/ Colonization of the indigenous]}-
* -{[http://aiatsis.gov.au/ Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]}-
* -{[http://aiatsis.gov.au/ Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies]}-
Ред 1.485: Ред 1.527:
* -{[https://web.archive.org/web/20090625111909/http://www.humanrights.gov.au/social_justice/index.html Australian Human Rights Commission: Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Index]}-
* -{[https://web.archive.org/web/20090625111909/http://www.humanrights.gov.au/social_justice/index.html Australian Human Rights Commission: Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Index]}-
* -{[http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndigLRes Indigenous Law Resources]}-
* -{[http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndigLRes Indigenous Law Resources]}-
* -{[http://www.nit.com.au/ ''National Indigenous Times''] – national Indigenous affairs newspaper}-
* -{[http://www.nit.com.au/ ''National Indigenous Times''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nit.com.au/ |date=20210420002849 }} – national Indigenous affairs newspaper}-
* -{[https://web.archive.org/web/20140128093020/http://ntmojos.indigenous.gov.au/ NT Mojos – Northern Territory Mobile Journalists]}-
* -{[https://web.archive.org/web/20140128093020/http://ntmojos.indigenous.gov.au/ NT Mojos – Northern Territory Mobile Journalists]}-
* -{[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03007760008591767 Singing about nations within nations: Geopolitics and Identity in Australian Indigenous rock music]}-
* -{[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00664670125674 The politics of suffering: Indigenous policy in Australia since the 1970s]}-


{{нормативна контрола}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Категорија:Аустралијски народи| ]]
[[Категорија:Аустралијски народи| ]]

Тренутна верзија на датум 29. јун 2024. у 06:27

Аустралијски староседеоци
Група мушкараца са острва Батерст, Северна територија, 1939.
Региони са значајном популацијом
 Аустралија 2,8% (2016)649.171
           Нови Јужни Велс 2,8%208.476
           Квинсленд 4,22%188.954
           Западна Аустралија 3,75%88.270
           Северна територија 29,72%68.850
           Викторија 0,85%47,333
           Јужна Аустралија 2,28%37,408
           Тасманија 4,72%24,165
           Аустралијска престоничка територија 1,67%6.610
Језици
неколико стотина језика аустралијских домородаца, аустралијски енглески, аустралијски абориџински енглески, креолски
Религија
хришћанство 73%
нерелигиозност 24%
традиционална абориџинска религија 1%
Сродне етничке групе
групе аустралијских староседелаца
(Папуанци, Меланежани)

Аустралијски староседеоци (домородачки народи Аустралије сматрају увредљивим термин Абориџини[1], који се често користи за скупно именовање свих Аустралијских староседелаца) насељавају свој континент најмање 30.000 година (од 40.000 до 60.000 година).[2] Према мишљењима научника на континент су се населили још у време последњег Леденог доба. Тада су велика острва Нова Гвинеја и Борнео били већи него данас, а морски пролаз између њих и Аустралије много ужи. Сумња се да су преци данашњих аустралијских домородаца у Аустралију дошли из тих подручја. Премда данашњи Папуанци и суседни Меланежани имају црну пут попут Аустралијанаца, физичке разлике су ипак очите, и на први поглед лако их је разликовати. Типови културе су такође различити, но они могу настати услед различитих климатско-географских услова. Језично су се ови народи раније класификовани у аустралијску породицу (енгл. Indigenous Australian languages). Данас је познато 28 породица језика и језичких изолата, од којих је најзначајнија пама-њунганска породица језика.

Историја

[уреди | уреди извор]

Преци Абориџина су на подручје Аустралије доспели из југоисточне Азије дошавши пре више од 30.000 година, с једног острва на друго.[3][4] Верује се да су донели пса дингоа у Аустралију. Због својих специфичних телесних карактеристика и тамносмеђе боје коже, сврстани су у посебну расну групу (Аустралоиди). Пре доласка Европљана живели су као у камено доба, живећи од лова, бобица и плодова. Живели су у групама од 25 до 300 људи.

Непознато је колико је Абориџина живело на територији Аустралије уочи доласка Европљана. Многи историчари прихватају да их је било око 300.000. Међутим, због дуготрајног контакта са развијенијом европском цивилизацијом, њихов број је нагло опао. Абориџине су европски колонисти (досељеници са Британских острва) убијали, смештали са вековних огњишта, покрштавали и смештали у резервате, али су велике падове абориџинске популације такође проузроковале разне епидемије средином 19. века.

Средином 20. века остало их је око 106.000, од чега је 40.000 сачувало расну чистоту, док је остатак измешан са европским досељеницима. Међутим, због промењеног односа државе према њима, њихова популација расте, тако да данас Абориџини чине око 2,8% (650.000) становништва Аустралије.

Друштвена организација и систем сродства

[уреди | уреди извор]

Домороци Аустралије подељени су на више стотина племена, говорило се око 600 језика. Некада их је било много више него данас, многи су нестали или су асимилирани у савремено аустралијско друштво. Свако њихово племе говорило је властитим језиком, а и разне локалне групе су вероватно развиле посебне дијалекте. Домороци су били организовани по малим бандама или породичним групама. Свака је имала вођу, обично старијег искуснијег мушкарца. Њихове социјалне породице састојале су се од очевог оца и често од његовог брата или браће, они се по њиховом систему сродства такође називају 'очев отац'; његове жене или жена; оца; и можда његове браће (то су ујаци). Отац се у њиховој терминологији често назива 'дететов отац'. Вођа овакве групе одлучује где ће се и када поставити логор, односно кренути даље, и у ком смеру. Требало је да вође добро познају племенску територију, где има воде, где се и када може нешто уловити или пронаћи за храну. Омладина је била подвргавана иницијацијама, често веома захтевним операцијама као што су субинцизија, клиторидектомија, па чак и одсецање једног тестиса. Сва њихова племена, осим племена Бад имала су тотемске кланове. Кланови су били подељени унутар две женидбене класе

Абориџински бумеранг

Домороци се баве ловом и сакупљањем. Копље и бумеранг били су њихово главно оружје. Обални домороци сакупљали су мекушце, као шкољке и ракове. У пустињским пределима хватали су животиње, птице и разне рептиле. Сва ловина коју је ловац ухватио делила се са читавом групом. Храна се припремала над отвореном ватром. Сакупљање биља и семења такође је било значајно. Попут калифорнијских племена, и Абориџини су знали да млевењем неког семења произведу брашно.

Неки логори ових домородаца могли су да имају 6-10 особа, а било их је чак до 400. Њихове колибе од коре дрвета познате су под именом 'гунуах'. Количина хране без сумње је утицала на величину логора. Сваки дан чланови банде одлазе из логора у потрагу за храном, да би се затим враћали назад и делили је са осталим члановима. Главна свечаност позната је под именом corroboree, а музички инструменти didgeridoo, штапићи за ударање и звечке. Веровали су и у реинкарнацију. Након смрти душа се поновно враћа на земљу у облику неке животиње.

Број аустралијских староседелаца (Абориџина и Острвљана Торесовог мореуза) (2016)

[уреди | уреди извор]

Референце

[уреди | уреди извор]
  1. ^ Aborigine - Definition 2012.
  2. ^ Мишић, Милан, ур. (2005). Енциклопедија Британика. А-Б. Београд: Народна књига : Политика. стр. 82. ISBN 86-331-2075-5. 
  3. ^ Bowler et al. 2003.
  4. ^ Davidson & Wahlquist 2017.

Литература

[уреди | уреди извор]

Додатна литература

[уреди | уреди извор]
  • Sutton, Peter (2001). „The politics of suffering: Indigenous policy in Australia since the 1970s”. Anthropological Forum. 11 (2): 125—173. doi:10.1080/00664670125674. 

Спољашње везе

[уреди | уреди извор]