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Levels of the Game

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Levels of the Game is John McPhee's astonishing account of a tennis match played by Arthur Ashe against Clark Graebner at Forest Hills in 1968.

It begins with the ball rising into the air for the initial serve and ends with the final point. McPhee provides a brilliant, stroke-by-stroke description while examining the backgrounds and attitudes which have molded the players' games.

"This may be the high point of American sports journalism"- Robert Lipsyte, The New York Times

149 pages, Paperback

First published September 23, 1969

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About the author

John McPhee

129 books1,716 followers
John Angus McPhee is an American writer. He is considered one of the pioneers of creative nonfiction. He is a four-time finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in the category General Nonfiction, and he won that award on the fourth occasion in 1999 for Annals of the Former World (a collection of five books, including two of his previous Pulitzer finalists). In 2008, he received the George Polk Career Award for his "indelible mark on American journalism during his nearly half-century career". Since 1974, McPhee has been the Ferris Professor of Journalism at Princeton University.

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5 stars
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 269 reviews
Profile Image for Tony.
972 reviews1,745 followers
March 1, 2019
So, having just read Álvaro Enrigue's Sudden Death about an allegorical tennis match between the Italian painter Caravaggio and the Spanish poet Quevedo, it seemed logical to move immediately to a book about a real tennis match. This one is about a semi-final match in the 1968 U.S. Open between two amateurs at the time: Clark Graebner and Arthur Ashe. The aces, the overhead lobs, the cross-court backhands are served without fault by John McPhee.

Every point is accounted for. Interspersed is a running biography and character study of the two players. A larger picture of America emerges.

McPhee has an eye for detail. What I liked the best was when he looked at what the players were reading. Ashe: "Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders," "Fundamentals of Marketing," "The Autobiography of Malcolm X," "Human Sexual Response," "Black Power," "Emily Post's Etiquette," "Contact Bridge for Beginners," "Ulysses," "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich," "The Confessions of Nat Turner," "The Human Factor in Changing Africa," "Paper Lion," "Mata Hari," "Dynamic Speed Reading," "The Naked Ape," "The New York Times Guide to Personal Finance," "A Short History of Religions," "Elementary French," "Spanish in Three Months," "Aussie English," and "U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Hearings--N.Y., N.Y. 1968." Graebner: "The Arrangement" ("just for trash"), "The Effective Executive" (because that is exactly what he would like to be), a biography of Richard Nixon, "The Rich and the Super-Rich," "Airport" ("for more trash"), and "The Pro Quarterback." Ashe wins that set.

Profile Image for Darwin8u.
1,689 reviews8,870 followers
June 12, 2023
"Tennis is a game of levels, and it is practically impossible for a player who is on one level to play successfully with a player on any other."
- John McPhee, Levels of the Game

description

A fantastic piece of sports writing about the encounter at the 1968 US Open between Arthur Ashe and Clark Grabner. Some of McPhee's best writing is his sports writing. His book on Bill Bradley, A Sense of Where You Are: Bill Bradley at Princeton, might be one of my favorite sports books ever. Like with his Bill Bradley book, here McPhee is profiling an athlete (two technically) before they've reached their peak. McPhee can see greatness like Ashe can see a ball and Bradley can see a court. Anyway, it is a short read and worth the couple hours and few dollars it requires the reader to invest. I spent a few years in my early twenties living in Richmond and the ghost of Ashe still quietly covers the corners of the town. He was a man of immense talent, class, and intelligence.
Profile Image for Evi *.
380 reviews277 followers
November 25, 2017
Un libro sperimentale scritto quasi 50, fa quindi ben prima delle logorroiche trattazioni di David Wallace, ben prima dell’ Open di Agassi; l’editore, dalla vista lunga, ha astutamente saputo cogliere un filone narrativo che oggi incontra favorevolmente e in maniera trasversale lettori che giocano a tennis ma anche no.

Sperimentale anche perché scrivere di sport, e intendo non i soliti noti pezzi di cronaca sportiva che compaiono sulle varie Gazzette di tutto il mondo, ma scrivere in maniera ambiziosa, protratta e con estremo garbo scandendo i tempi che sono propri di una partita di tennis: punti, game, set e match point, non è cosa ovvia.

Ancora meno lo è quando, come nella fattispecie della semifinale dell’ US Open del 1968, non esiste un supporto video che corrobori la narrazione, dandoci la certezza visiva di quel che effettivamente successe.
Immaginare , per dire, una nuvola che flutta cangiante e paffuta nel cielo sopra il Campo Centrale di Wimbledon è relativamente facile; è più faticoso , richiedendo uno sforzo immaginativo non scontato (ma che in fondo risulta lieve grazie alla nitidezza della scrittura di Mc Phee) quando ci si deve concentrare su movimenti di corpo, braccia e gambe in primis, sulla mimica facciale, componenti somatiche che rimandano alle intuizioni a volte geniali, a volte fallaci dei due giocatori, lampi di intelligenza e motore delle azioni di gioco.

In appendice un racconto delizioso sul giardiniere che con dedizione e amore quasi coniugale si occupa dei 780 mq del prato di Wimbledon, ne conosce ogni filo d’erba nome per nome.

Un libro per adepti di questo sport, no per tutti, non annoia direi mai, originale, consigliabile.
Profile Image for Abby.
601 reviews99 followers
June 3, 2019
If there's any question that I am completely in thrall to the miraculous literary powers of John McPhee, the fact that he inspired me to read a book about tennis and that I thoroughly enjoyed it should remove all doubt.

This isn't really a book about tennis as much as it is a battle of the wills between two completely different men who symbolize two very different Americas -- one rich, white and conservative (Clark Graebner) and the other striving, black and open to new ideas (Arthur Ashe). Like a skilled sportscaster, McPhee masterfully builds tension in his description of the volleys between the two men on the court. But he also provides a probing psychological portrait of each man and their complicated relationship to each other. The fact that this is accomplished in 160 pages without a single extraneous word is further proof of McPhee's literary prowess. Highly recommended.
Profile Image for Vaidya.
243 reviews70 followers
March 21, 2015
There is a The Master of Go feel to this book. Two players squaring off, their backgrounds, how that decides what they are, the political and social undercurrents of that time, etc. While Kawabata's protagonists represented different ages and the different ways of playing the game, McPhee's are of the same age but from as different backgrounds as they can be from.

A white male, born to privilege and deep pockets, an only son, and his eye right on the money and the American dream which he knows is within his grasp thanks to his 'social contacts' as he himself says. And a conservative Republican.

Pitted against a black upstart who struggles to come through the ranks, funded by other black philanthropists and a supportive father. More than just a game of tennis, it is a massive reflection of the times. The way Dr. Johnson asks his wards to not call any balls that are out by less than 6 inches (reminds one of the incident in Agassi's Open), to not swear or throw rackets on the ground and how that shapes up Ashe as he becomes the player is. And a liberal, Democrat - "It was hard to be religious growing up, could never relate to a Jesus with blond hair and white skin. You knew he wasn't your God."

At 150 pages it takes barely 2 days to finish this book. But it is a one-of-its-kind experience - similar to what Master of Go was.
Profile Image for Aaron Burch.
Author 28 books153 followers
August 14, 2014
Holy shit, this book is good. It's obvious DFW loved it/McPhee. It reminded me, though I'd be hardpressed to put into words why, a bit of W.C. Heinz's The Professional. Mostly just because I so loved both? Heinz's book is a novel, whereas this is nonfic, but there's something about boxing and tennis that feels very similar, and both books drew me in in a way that can be tricky with sports narrative, but when it works I'm all in.

Bonus: the word "backswing" is used four times. (And "perfect" = 11x.)
Profile Image for Patrick.
370 reviews62 followers
August 19, 2019
There is a passage in Levels of the Game, a short book about tennis by John McPhee, where the narrative pulls back and begins to consider the family of the tennis player Arthur Ashe. Names cascade, one after the other, starting from back in 1735 when a ship full of slaves sailed from Liverpool to Virginia, and ending in the present day:

‘…On the Blackwell plantation, where Hammett had lived, the plantation house—white frame, with columns—still stands, vacant and mouldering. The slave cabin is there, too, its roof half peeled away. Hammett’s daughter Sadie married Willie Johnson, and their daughter Amelia married Pinkney Avery Ashe…and Amelia had a son named Arthur, who, in 1938, married Mattie Cunningham, of Richmond. Their son Arthur Junior was born in 1943…’

The details here have been taken from an immense family tree, painted on a huge piece of canvas at the home of one of Ashe’s relatives. There are over fifteen hundred leaves on that tree. Only Ashe has his leaf trimmed in gold. This is not all:

‘The family has a crest, in crimson, black, and gold. A central chevron in this escutcheon bears a black chain with a broken link, symbolizing the broken bonds of slavery. Below the broken chain is a black well. And in the upper corners, where the crest of a Norman family might have fleurs-de-lis, this one has tobacco leaves, in trifoliate clusters.’

Ashe was one of the greatest American tennis players. He was a black man who forged a career in a sport dominated by white faces. He is one of the two subjects of Levels of the Game by John McPhee, which is really a sort of long essay. It documents a tennis match at the 1968 US Open between Ashe and Clark Graebner. They made for an ideal contrast because Graebner was everything that Ashe was not: white, conventional, republican. The passage I have quoted above is immediately followed by the following line, before any break in the paragraph: 'Graebner has no idea whatever when his forebears first came to this country.’

The book alternates between a point-by-point description of the match and a dive into the lives of both players. The reportage is startling in the amount of detail it captures, to the degree that I began to wonder how McPhee had actually managed to write it at all. I read somewhere that he had access to a recording of the match, though exactly how he watched it again is unclear — this is long before the era of home video recording. At times the writing has all the quality of slow-motion, long before live action replays became an expected part of watching any sport. But beyond these practicalities, there’s a sense here of authority in McPhee’s writing, and of implied trust between the writer, their subject, and the audience.

He addresses us like a professor, and his grand statements are taken to be the work of careful consideration. He quotes both players extensively throughout, but doesn’t care to mention the context in which they spoke. At times he delves into their thoughts, their fears, their hopes. None of that is cited, of course; how could it be? I suppose we oughtn’t to care. There’s a feeling throughout of being invited to experience a certain kind of privilege. Are there room for questions? Sure, but if McPhee tells us that Ashe or Graebner strikes a ball just so, then they did. We have no recourse to say: I thought he hit it differently, or, that wasn’t what he was thinking at all. Were this written about a tennis match that happened yesterday, that’s what we would expect. But now nobody will ever see this match except through McPhee’s language.

A simple description of the match won’t suffice. We need to know about the players themselves: ‘A person’s tennis game begins with his nature and background and comes out through his motor mechanisms into shot patterns and characteristics of play. If he is deliberate, he is a deliberate tennis player; and if he is flamboyant, his game probably is, too.’ This is entirely true. Tennis is an unusual sport in the degree to which it becomes a battle between the abilities, physical and otherwise, of two individuals. No outside interference is permitted. The person you are shapes the things you will do on the court.

Ashe is mannered, careful, polite. He is well-read and quietly radical. He plays difficult, risky tennis — he takes clever shots. He has a full arsenal at his disposal: slices, dinks, lobs, volleys. Graebner, with his huge serve, is altogether more conventional. He relies heavily on serve-and-volley to get him through. But Graebner’s was the game of the time, especially on fast grass courts with heavy wooden racquets. According to McPhee, the longest rally in an average set is six shots. But most points between Ashe and Graebner are over in two or three swings of a racquet. By comparison, rallies in a modern match in men’s tennis will start at about six shots and go for up to fifteen or twenty strokes. (I’ve seen rallies go past forty.)

It was a different game for other reasons. Both Graebner and Ashe were amateurs; they had full-time jobs outside of the tennis life. It seems almost cute today that these men should take the subway home after their matches, and no doubt pay for their own fares. Today’s top players make millions from prize money and endorsements, although hundreds of professionals still struggle to eke a living at the lower stages of the tour.

In 1997 they opened a vast stadium named after Arthur Ashe in New York, which became the centrepiece of the US Open as it stands today. Played on a hard court rather than grass, it is today the largest tennis venue in the world. It is so grand that you might easily forget the unintentional pun in the name: Ashe Stadium, built on top of what was once New York’s largest dump of incinerated ash. The seats are clustered so tight and small and high around the court that the effect is vertiginous and slightly nauseating, even when glimpsed on TV. A couple of weeks from today the US Open will start up again and it’ll become a hot, humid cavern for a brawl, packed every night to the rafters with screaming fans.

It’s odd somehow that they still manage to do it. I’m a fan, but even to me tennis still seems like an odd, anachronistic sport; a sport for people who don’t really like other sports. When there isn’t a Grand Slam on, it’s difficult to watch, and when there is a Grand Slam there’s inevitably too many matches spread across too few channels, squeezed into too few hours of the day. It is supremely impractical, elitist, difficult. It also has a strangely internationalist flavour. Devout fans of particular flavours might drape themselves in a flag, but for the most part you don’t go to a tennis match to support your home country. (That the Davis Cup, once the great international World Cup of tennis, is now teetering on the verge of irrelevance, is surely the exception that proves the rule.)

Today’s big name players reside in Monte Carlo and travel the world for ten or eleven months of the year. Their home country is relegated to the status of the little flag alongside their name on the scoreboard. They play for themselves; the extent to which that self represents that flag is entirely up to them. And yet that only serves to make the achievements of its early masters more impressive in retrospect. That Ashe in particular did all that he did in an era where tennis stars had no expectation of the level of reward and popularity they enjoy today, and when he in particular faced such outright racism while rising through the ranks, seems nothing short of miraculous. But again, such is the nature of tennis that while Graebner and Ashe could share a stage as Davis Cup teammates, they represented entirely different ways of life. That American flag next to their names meant nothing at all when they faced each other across the net.
Profile Image for Joe Noto.
167 reviews2 followers
January 23, 2019
This was not a book I'd typically be interested in, but I heard about it, saw it was under 200 pages, and gave it a shot. This is a sports novel. The sport is tennis in the 1960s. The book covers a semifinal match in the first US Open between two men at the top of their game. The author takes you through the match and intermittently talks about each player's background, upbringing, beliefs, etc.

As I started it, I honestly got a bit bored when the author would take us back and discuss the athletes' backgrounds. It seemed to happen too often and could last any number of pages and would flip from one player to the other rapidly. I put the book down for a while because I just was not feeling the style of writing. Picking it back up, I read the last 110 pages in a couple hours and noticed I got into the flow of the writing. I also realized this is essentially the script for a sports documentary. The parts covering their upbringings read like a reporter would read it and included quotes from family and friends. I was then able to visualize a documentary in my head instead of a story and....It clicked. I really ended up liking it overall. The two players were just opposites, coming from completely different worlds and meeting there on that day because they both rose to a level of excellence in tennis at that point in their lives. The writing describing the tennis match play by play was extremely high quality. It is hard to describe a tennis match, but McPhee did it very well! Having said that, if you don't know scoring in tennis and don't know what a forehand, a volley, a lob, or spin is, it might be hard to follow the match action in this. This is a 3 for me. Enjoyable, but...it's a sports documentary in print. I just really do not like sports documentaries. This gets a 3, because I still enjoyed it overall despite the subject.
Profile Image for Emily.
39 reviews
May 1, 2024
Finding a John McPhee book has felt like destiny both times it has occurred. Last time a book on oranges, this time a full 147 page book on a single tennis match in 1968 between Arthur Ashe and Clark Graebner.

The book is of course about the match but McPhee provides birds-eye views from various perspectives including, the inner thoughts of the players, stories from each man's family, and tidbits from all over. He doesn't focus on the match as a singular event, but instead as a culmination of both men's lives until that point. He talks about how in tennis (maybe sport in general) one cannot be separated from one's personality. The way a person approaches life mimics how they approach the game.

Because of course, ball is life. (And I'm dead serious that McPhee has you buying into that) (very you take yourself wherever you go... very everything we are/do leaks into everything else).

"When asked why he does the crossword with such energy, he will say something like 'I'm not sure. It may give me a false sense of intellectual security'"

Personal Story: Before reading I knew Ashe was a famous black tennis player that attended UCLA, but I knew him mostly because his name is emblazoned on the student health center on campus. "I need to go to Ashe for my TB test" was a well-worn phrase my first year.

Anyway, I am now sufficiently prepped to go watch Challengers!
Profile Image for Scott Middleton.
185 reviews6 followers
October 11, 2017
Impeccably detailed, this is a great book to get started with John McPhee even if (or maybe "especially if") you don't know or care much about tennis. As the title suggests, this book goes several levels deeper than the ostensibly titular match, stopping along the way to comment on race, class, athleticism, parenting, civil rights, you name it. As with other John McPhee books, there is very little glitz 'n glam in the style of Tom Wolfe or Hunter S. Thompson, but instead careful insight and well-researched detail. The humility of McPhee's writing style can make the book a bore at times, but it is worth a read nonetheless.
Profile Image for Eliot Peper.
Author 13 books346 followers
June 19, 2018
Levels of the Game by John McPhee is a masterpiece of narrative nonfiction. The book narrates a 1968 tennis semifinal point-by-point, while simultaneously profiling the two players, Arthur Ashe and Clark Graebner, and exploring America's politics, history, racism, class structure, and psychology with surgical precision. In following the course of a single tennis match, McPhee illustrates an entire nation.
Profile Image for andré crombie.
606 reviews9 followers
February 25, 2024
With soft, perfectly placed shots, Ashe jerks him around the forecourt, then closes off the point with a shot to remember. It is a forehand, with top spin, sent crosscourt so lightly that the ball appears to be flung rather than hit. Its angle to the net is less than ten degrees—a difficult, brilliant stroke, and Ashe hit it with such nonchalance that he appeared to be thinking of something else.


Notes: Every detail of match and person placed with immaculate precision — a perfect piece of writing.
Profile Image for Kyle Magin.
163 reviews6 followers
August 4, 2019
McPhee writes the most delightful books. He takes complex ideas or studies (tennis here) and explains them simply so that the reader can grasp it.

I really like this style of sportswriting, where a writer explains a single match/game/race and unwinds the biographies of the players involved and the story of the sport through occurrences in the match. Dan Okrent did it for baseball in 9 Innings, and McPhee does it here with tennis.

Also, I never really knew the story of Arthur Ashe (and this book was written in '69!) Fascinating.
Profile Image for Brian.
138 reviews
October 22, 2021
I loved this book. It's a brilliant double profile of two tennis players I knew nothing about (Arthur Ashe and Clark Graebner), as well as an engaging play-by-play of their match at Forest Hills in 1968. McPhee examines how their respective political beliefs (Ashe = liberal, Graebner = conservative) influenced their way of playing tennis. I became a huge fan of Ashe as a result of this book, and I can't wait to read his autobiography next.
Profile Image for Adam Ashton.
426 reviews37 followers
August 18, 2024
Had me intrigued about two people I knew nothing about. Read this as a recommendation about storytelling style (alternating between present and pats but maintaining clarity and flow) and it definitely delivered
Profile Image for Bob Peru.
1,131 reviews47 followers
July 8, 2021
certainly the greatest tennis book.
arguably the greatest sports book.
Profile Image for Alejandro Sanoja.
313 reviews16 followers
March 5, 2023
This is the best book I read in February 2023.

A master at work. That's all you need to know. If you are a writer, you must read this book. Period.
Profile Image for Mike Dennisuk.
399 reviews
April 4, 2024
This is another gem from John McPhee, master storyteller. This audiobook, narrated by Grover Gardner, is the story of a tennis match in the semifinals of the 1968 US Open between Arthur Ashe and Clark Graebner. This brief account is expertly crafted to blend biographical profiles, social commentary and athletic drama. Excellent book!!
93 reviews2 followers
July 13, 2024
A very narrative, nonfictional book that took me way too long to read for the fact that it is merely 150 pages. My biggest beef is that there aren't really chapter breaks, so there wasn't often a good stopping place. Probably why it took me so long to read - I felt like I had to read it all at once.
Profile Image for Blake Fletcher.
4 reviews2 followers
March 15, 2019
I've heard non-fiction writers refer to John McPhee as a god. I thought it was hyperbole. It isn't. In a literal sense, Levels of the Game is a book about tennis. However, with each point, McPhee describes a whole world behind the racquet that is hitting the ball forward.
7 reviews
September 15, 2020
I started reading this book on Day 1 of this year's US Open, and finished by Day 3. The read is almost as fast as Clark Graebner's serve, and the quality is just as high as either player's performance in this match (I crack myself up). I was skepitcal that, even as a tennis AND McPhee lover, a play-by-play would be dry, but now I am more desperate than ever to play tennis whenever I can. I also enjoyed learning about the lives of these two very different men!
Profile Image for Ben.
969 reviews113 followers
February 21, 2021
McPhee on tennis. To be fair, some of it reads exactly like the chatter of an informed television commentator, and it is mostly forgettable. But McPhee brings it together as a dual character study.

> Ashe and Graebner play tennis with an efficiency that is thought by some to diminish tennis itself. Modern power tennis—the so-called Big Game (overwhelming serves followed by savage attacks at the net)—has now had many years in which to evolve, and Ashe and Graebner are among the ultimate refinements of it in the United States.

> Graebner’s angry look seems to say that he believes it was Carole who served the double fault. She absorbs this, by grace and by agreement. “I tell him to look over at me when he gets mad, because I would rather have him get mad at me than at anyone else—or at himself,” … Ashe is thinking, “Graebner just looked at his wife.” And behind Arthur’s impassive face—behind the enigmatic glasses, the lifted chin, the first-mate-on-the-bridge look—there seems to be a smile. Progress against Graebner in any given match, many players believe, can be measured directly by the number of times Graebner has looked at his wife.

> After this game, new balls will be coming in—all the more reason for Ashe to try to break Graebner now. Tennis balls are used for nine games (warmup counts for two), and over that span they get fluffier and fluffier. When they are new and the nap is flat, wind resistance is minimal and they come through fast and heavy. Newies, or freshies, as the tennis players call them, are a considerable advantage to the server—something like a supply of bullets.
Profile Image for James.
169 reviews3 followers
January 25, 2010
Jessica says my reviews are too snooty; I assume this is because my reviews are comparative based - so many allusions to David Markson, or other books I've read.

But I challenge you to meaningfully review books in a non-comparative manner. I can talk about a book's pacing, and tone, and vocabulary, and meaning, and entertainment - but what are the scales for those? What qualitative and quantitative words would lend any meaning to my attempts to elucidate those factors for someone else? And even if my reviews were an attempt to remind myself later how I felt - I may have changed.

A comparative based review stays relative and is what can aide other people - if somebody wants to know where to start with a McPhee book, it's helpful to read a review that includes the line "It's no Pine Barrens" - this is how I look for review of new Board Games or if I'm purchasing new parts for my computer: what is the standard by which reviews of a certain type hold themselves too?

So with no further ado...my review of Levels of the Game
------------------

You know that episode of Sports Night where Jeremy is having trouble trimming down the video highlights of a baseball game? He wants to show the epic struggle and tension of the match?

Levels is John McPhee's journalistic interpretation of the epic struggle and tension of an Arthur Ashe tennis match.

I only ever partially understood Jeremy's feelings; now I understand completely.
Profile Image for Sarah.
431 reviews123 followers
October 4, 2015
Such an exquisite little book. McPhee writes with such a graceful simplicity and effortless wit. You can really feel his fascination with these men and with the game of tennis.

I feel bad writing such a short review for a book I so thoroughly enjoyed, but there's just nothing else to say. It's short and incredibly readable and damn near to perfect.
38 reviews1 follower
April 21, 2020
Another well-crafted book from McPhee. I'm hoping to get through all of them eventually.
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