弗里达 (2024年电影):修订间差异

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{{about|講述[[芙烈達·卡蘿|弗里达·卡罗]]的2024年紀錄片|講述同一人物的2002年傳記電影|揮灑烈愛}}
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| 配樂 = 维克多·埃尔南德斯·斯通普夫豪泽
| 製片商 = {{Plainlist|
* [[Imagine Entertainment|想象娱乐Imagine Documentaries]]
* [[Time (magazine)|时代杂志]]Studios
* Storyville Films
* 斯特里维尔电影
}}
| 發行商 = 亚马逊[[米高梅工作室]]
| 上映日期 = {{Film date|2024|1|18|[[圣丹斯电影节]]|2024|3|14|美国}}
| 片長 = 87分钟
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'''《弗里达》'''({{lang-en|Frida}})是一部2024年在[[美国]]上映的[[紀錄片]],由卡拉·古铁雷斯({{Lang||Carla Gutierrez}})执导,讲述了[[墨西哥]][[画家]][[芙烈達·卡蘿|弗里达·卡罗]]的生平。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sundance Film Festival 2024: 'Will & Harper', 'FRIDA', 'Layla', 'Love Lies Bleeding', 'Power' Among LGBTQ Titles|url=https://glaad.org/sundance-film-festival-2024-will-harper-frida-layla-love-lies-bleeding-power-among-lgbtq-titles/|website=GLAAD|date=2023-12-07|language=en-US|access-date=2024-02-10|archive-date=2024-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102180319/https://glaad.org/sundance-film-festival-2024-will-harper-frida-layla-love-lies-bleeding-power-among-lgbtq-titles/|dead-url=no}}</ref>该片是古铁雷斯的[[處女作|处女作]],首映於2024年[[圣丹斯电影节]]首映,获得了美国纪录片乔纳森·奥本海姆剪辑奖({{Lang|en|U.S. Documentary Jonathan Oppenheim Editing Award}})。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sundance 2024 Film Review: Frida ★★★★|url=https://thequeerreview.com/2024/02/01/sundance-2024-film-review-frida/|website=The Queer Review|date=2024-02-01|language=en-US|access-date=2024-02-10|archive-date=2024-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203041016/https://thequeerreview.com/2024/02/01/sundance-2024-film-review-frida/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== 创作灵感 ==
本片根据[[芙烈達·卡蘿|弗里达·卡罗]]的著作和访谈,[[第一人稱]]讲述她的人生和职业历程。片中描了许多她一生中的关键时刻,例如她坐[[有軌電車]]时遭遇的事故,与[[墨西哥]]画家[[迭戈·里韋拉]]之间复杂的关系,在[[纽约]]和[[底特律]]等地的生活,以及她与[[俄罗斯]][[革命家]][[列夫·托洛茨基|列昂·托洛茨基]]之间的恋情等。<ref>{{Cite web|title='Frida' Review: Popular Mexican Painter Speaks for Herself in Doc Drawn From Kahlo's Diaries|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/reviews/frida-review-kahlo-1235880469/|website=Variety|date=2024-01-20|language=en-US|last=Aguilar|first=Carlos|access-date=2024-02-10|archive-date=2024-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326011332/https://variety.com/2024/film/reviews/frida-review-kahlo-1235880469/|dead-url=no}}</ref>片中丰富动画和音效设计生动地描绘卡罗复杂的心理,观众可以直观感受到她的想法。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sundance Film Festival 2024: Frida Takes Documentary to New Heights|url=https://www.saltlakemagazine.com/sundance-film-festival-2024-frida/|website=Salt Lake Magazine|date=2024-01-27|language=en-US|last=Bartholomew|first=Megan|access-date=2024-02-10|archive-date=2024-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127173540/https://www.saltlakemagazine.com/sundance-film-festival-2024-frida/|dead-url=no}}</ref>通過大量与卡罗相关的档案资料(如她的作品和與愛人來往的信件)对其一生进行了回顾。
 
== 制作 ==
在构思《弗里达》之前,古铁雷斯就注意到大量这位[[墨西哥]]画家大量的作品,但是还没有一部以她的视角出发的[[电影]]。于是她找到电影《[[鲁斯·巴德·金斯伯格 (电影)|鲁斯·巴德·金斯伯格]]》和《{{Link-en|朱丽娅 (2021年电影)|Julia (2021 film)|朱丽娅}}》的导演朱莉·科恩({{Lang||Julie Cohen}})<!-- 非同名演員 -->和{{Translink|en|Betsy West|贝茨西·韦斯特}},请他们指点如何拍摄一部关于女性偶像的[[紀錄片]]。尽管一些[[电影制片厂]]并不看好拍摄一部纯[[西班牙语]]电影的前景,尤其是影片的一些实验性元素,但最终还是有几家发行商接受了古铁雷斯的构想:一部以卡罗亲述为视角的纪录片。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Frida Kahlo Uses Her Own Words in Sundance Documentary 'Frida'|url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/interviews/sundance-documentary-frida-own-words-animated-paintings-1234946358/|website=IndieWire|date=2024-01-20|language=en-US|last=Thompson|first=Anne|access-date=2024-02-10|archive-date=2024-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320075349/https://www.indiewire.com/features/interviews/sundance-documentary-frida-own-words-animated-paintings-1234946358/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
該部影片采用许多方式呈现,例如[[配音]]、[[动画]]和修复的旧资料等。费尔南达·埃切瓦里亚({{Lang||Fernanda Echevarría}})讀出卡罗寫的文本,古铁雷斯与墨西哥的几位动画师合作,为影片的声音增添与之对应的[[视觉效果]]。为了塑造卡罗的生活和职业生涯,古铁雷斯参考美国历史学家{{Link-en|海登·赫拉拉|Hayden Herrera}}於1983年出版的《{{Link-en|弗里达: 弗里达·卡罗传|Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo}}》和导演卡伦·克罗米({{Lang||Karen Crommie}})和大卫·克罗米({{Lang||David Crommie}})1976年的短片《弗里达·卡罗的生与死》({{Lang||The Life and Death of Frida Kahlo}})。经過许可,古铁雷斯获得赫拉拉的研究资料,这些资料曾用于她的著作,包括各种紀录、文字和其他原始资料,这些研究资料曾用于她的著作。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Give Me the Backstory: Get to Know Carla Gutiérrez, the Director of "FRIDA"|url=https://festival.sundance.org/blogs/give-me-the-backstory-get-to-know-carla-gutierrez-the-filmmaker-behind-frida/|website=Sundance Film Festival|date=2024-01-10|language=en-US|access-date=2024-02-10|archive-date=2024-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518065544/https://festival.sundance.org/blogs/give-me-the-backstory-get-to-know-carla-gutierrez-the-filmmaker-behind-frida/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
除了赫拉拉本人的研究之外,《弗里达》中使用的的档案资料还包括[[胡佛研究所圖書檔案館]]的藏品。影片中使用的许多镜头,特别是在卡罗故居{{Link-en|芙烈達·卡蘿博物館|Frida Kahlo Museum|蓝屋}}拍摄的镜头,都是由美国摄影师伊万·海斯勒({{Lang||Ivan Heisler}})所拍摄的,他还设法拍到了卡罗与[[列夫·托洛茨基|托洛茨基]]热情相遇的镜头。为了能在[[圣丹斯电影节]]上放映,胡佛研究所将他们的短片重新修复到[[4K解析度|4K]]畫質,以便为古铁雷斯提供最佳的质量。此外,影片还使用了{{Link-en|贝特拉姆·沃尔夫|Bertram Wolfe}}的文件,他是美国[[共产主义|共产主义者]],也是[[迭戈·里韋拉|里韋拉]]的朋友,他个人持有许多卡罗和里韋拉的照片,其中几张在影片中出現。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Frida Documentary At Sundance Features Rare Archival Footage|url=https://www.hoover.org/news/frida-documentary-sundance-features-rare-archival-footage|website=Hoover Institution|language=en|access-date=2024-02-10|archive-date=2024-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326011346/https://www.hoover.org/news/frida-documentary-sundance-features-rare-archival-footage|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== 团队 ==
[[File:Sundance_Film_Festival_2024_-_Frida_-_Group_photo-104A1828.jpg|thumb|2024年1月18日,制作团队在第40届圣丹斯电影节首映式上观看《弗里达》]]
古铁雷斯导演本片并亲自对影片进行了大量剪辑。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Behind the scenes of FRIDA using Adobe Creative Cloud and Frame.io with Carla Gutierrez|url=https://blog.adobe.com/en/publish/2024/01/19/behind-scenes-of-frida-using-adobe-creative-cloud-frameio-with-carla-gutierrez|website=Adobe|last=Keane|first=Meagan|access-date=2024-02-10|type=Blog|archive-date=2024-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417091504/https://blog.adobe.com/en/publish/2024/01/19/behind-scenes-of-frida-using-adobe-creative-cloud-frameio-with-carla-gutierrez|dead-url=no}}</ref>除此之外,一个由[[音效指導|音效设计师]]动画师[[動畫師]]组成的制作团队让本片的呈现更加多彩。
 
== 评价 ==
在[[犹他州]][[帕克城 (犹他州)|帕克城]][[圣丹斯电影节]]上观看过《弗里达》的许多影评人认为:这部纪录片雄心勃勃,试图以准确而新颖的方式描述卡罗的人生和职业历程。但对于古铁雷斯独特的制作以及她选择卡罗的突出生活要点是否有效,影评人褒贬不一。具体来说,选择动画卡罗的一些自画像似乎引起了争议。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sundance Film Festival 2024: FRIDA (by Carla Gutiérrez)|url=https://www.film-fest-report.com/home/sundance-2024-frida-carla-gutierrez-review|website=Film Fest Report|language=en-US|access-date=2024-02-11|type=Review|archive-date=2024-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326011337/https://www.film-fest-report.com/home/sundance-2024-frida-carla-gutierrez-review|dead-url=no}}</ref>但在一些影评人看来:该片对卡罗的故事和她大量作品卓越贡献的捕捉,以及独具匠心的制作,都是该片的优势。<ref>{{Cite web|title='Frida': Sundance Review|url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/frida-sundance-review/5189085.article|website=Screen Daily|date=2024-01-19|language=en|last=Wilkinson|first=Amber|access-date=2024-02-11|archive-date=2024-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820151000/https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/frida-sundance-review/5189085.article|dead-url=no}}</ref>在影评网站[[爛番茄]]上,该片的评分为90%,平均分为7.5/10,普遍认为:“:「《弗里达》用卡罗的视角讲述了一个引人入胜的故事,对于想了解卡罗的观众还是她的忠实粉丝来说,这都是一部不错的纪录片。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Frida {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/frida_2024|website=www.rottentomatoes.com|date=2024-03-14|language=en|access-date=2024-03-15|archive-date=2024-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807033706/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/frida_2024|dead-url=no}}</ref>
《[[荷里活報道]]》的雪莉·林登认为:这部影片用新颖的方式展现了这位画家的魅力。<ref>{{Cite web|title='Frida' Review: A Portrait of Frida Kahlo That's a Triumph of Deep-Dive Research and Dynamic Artistry|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/frida-review-dynamic-documentary-portrait-of-the-artist-1235784877/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=2024-01-19|language=en-US|last=Linden|first=Sheri|access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref>
 
《[[荷里活報道]]》的雪莉·林登认为:这部影片用新颖的方式展现了这位画家的魅力。<ref>{{Cite web|title='Frida' Review: A Portrait of Frida Kahlo That's a Triumph of Deep-Dive Research and Dynamic Artistry|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/frida-review-dynamic-documentary-portrait-of-the-artist-1235784877/|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=2024-01-19|language=en-US|last=Linden|first=Sheri|access-date=2024-02-11|archive-date=2024-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303193445/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/frida-review-dynamic-documentary-portrait-of-the-artist-1235784877/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
《{{Link-en|艺术新闻|ARTnews}}》的马克西米利亚诺·杜隆写道:“这部影片讲述的故事与之前关于卡罗的影片如出一辙,除了一些制作普通的卡罗画作的动画之外,并没有什么创新。”但杜隆同时认为:该片对文字资料的重视胜于其他同主题影片,是有积极意义的。<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Frida Kahlo Documentary at Sundance Doesn't Even Scratch the Surface of a Complex Artist|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/reviews/frida-kahlo-documentary-sundance-review-1234693313/|website=ARTnews.com|date=2024-01-19|language=en-US|last=Durón|first=Maximilíano|access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref>此外,杜隆还认为该片需要更多描写卡罗的政治生活,例如该片对卡罗的[[共产主义]]信仰和[[墨西哥革命]]缺乏评论,对她与托洛茨基关系的叙述同样不足。<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Frida Kahlo Documentary at Sundance Doesn't Even Scratch the Surface of a Complex Artist|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/reviews/frida-kahlo-documentary-sundance-review-1234693313/|website=ARTnews.com|date=2024-01-19|language=en-US|last=Durón|first=Maximilíano|access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref>
 
《{{Link-en|艺术新闻|ARTnews}}》的马克西米利亚诺·杜隆写道:“:「这部影片讲述的故事与之前关于卡罗的影片如出一辙,除了一些制作普通的卡罗画作的动画之外,并没有什么创新。但杜隆同时认为:该片对文字资料的重视胜于其他同主题影片,是有积极意义的。<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Frida Kahlo Documentary at Sundance Doesn't Even Scratch the Surface of a Complex Artist|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/reviews/frida-kahlo-documentary-sundance-review-1234693313/|website=ARTnews.com|date=2024-01-19|language=en-US|last=Durón|first=Maximilíano|access-date=2024-02-11|archive-date=2024-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326011332/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/reviews/frida-kahlo-documentary-sundance-review-1234693313/|dead-url=no}}</ref>此外,杜隆还认为该片需要更多描写卡罗的政治生活,例如该片对卡罗的[[共产主义]]信仰和[[墨西哥革命]]缺乏评论,对她与[[托洛茨基]]关系的叙述同样不足。<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Frida Kahlo Documentary at Sundance Doesn't Even Scratch the Surface of a Complex Artist|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/reviews/frida-kahlo-documentary-sundance-review-1234693313/|website=ARTnews.com|date=2024-01-19|language=en-US|last=Durón|first=Maximilíano|access-date=2024-02-11|archive-date=2024-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326011332/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/reviews/frida-kahlo-documentary-sundance-review-1234693313/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
《[[IndieWire]]》的克里斯蒂安·齐尔科虽然称赞了这部电影的功绩,但也认为这部影片对画作的动态演示虽然栩栩如生,但也减弱了观众对画作的原始感受。<ref>{{Cite web|title='Frida' Review: This Raw Documentary Trusts Frida Kahlo to Speak for Herself|url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/frida-review-frida-kahlo-documentary-1234945428/|website=IndieWire|date=2024-01-19|language=en-US|last=Zilko|first=Christian|access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref>
 
《[[IndieWire]]》的克里斯蒂安·齐尔科虽然称赞了这部电影的功绩,但也认为这部影片对画作的动态演示虽然栩栩如生,但也减弱了观众对画作的原始感受。<ref>{{Cite web|title='Frida' Review: This Raw Documentary Trusts Frida Kahlo to Speak for Herself|url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/frida-review-frida-kahlo-documentary-1234945428/|website=IndieWire|date=2024-01-19|language=en-US|last=Zilko|first=Christian|access-date=2024-02-11|archive-date=2024-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326011332/https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/frida-review-frida-kahlo-documentary-1234945428/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
《[[奧斯汀紀事|奧斯汀紀事報]]》的奥斯汀·惠特克认为:与过去描绘卡罗的作品相比,这部影片并不出色,而且一些原始资料在影片也并不合适。<ref>{{Cite news|author=Whittaker|first=Richard|date=January 31, 2024|title=Sundance Review: Frida Expresses Frida Kahlo's Inner Life|url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/screens/2024-01-31/sundance-review-frida-expresses-frida-kahlos-inner-life/|accessdate=2024-02-11|work=Austin Chronicle|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
《[[奧斯汀紀事|奧斯汀紀事報]]》的奥斯汀·惠特克认为:与过去描绘卡罗的作品相比,这部影片并不出色,而且一些原始资料在影片也并不合适。<ref>{{Cite news|author=Whittaker|first=Richard|date=January 31, 2024|title=Sundance Review: Frida Expresses Frida Kahlo's Inner Life|url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/screens/2024-01-31/sundance-review-frida-expresses-frida-kahlos-inner-life/|accessdate=2024-02-11|work=Austin Chronicle|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326011334/https://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/screens/2024-01-31/sundance-review-frida-expresses-frida-kahlos-inner-life/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
== 製作人照片 ==
<gallery>
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* {{Imdb title|30319555}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Frida}}
[[Category:2024年纪录片]]
[[Category:2024年美國電影作品]]
[[Category:亞馬遜影片原創電影]]