羅渦

羅渦國（Lavo）的歷史是在泰國歷史上極其重要的一段。該城邦國大致建立在以今天的華富里為中心的地域。其歷史可回溯到三千五百多年前的冶煉青銅時代。。。

在她的許多年代里均深受印度文化的影響，後來她在被稱為陀羅缽地的年代開始登上歷史的舞台。自從該時代，羅渦為吉蔑人（高棉人）所統治。所以大量文化遺址都是高棉式的，一般將十五世紀稱作泰國歷史上的華富里時代可見其重要意義。

最終大城王國建立，羅渦不再佔主導地位，直到納奈王（King Narai）登基。他建造新的宮殿並在此統率全國。

在納奈王後，羅渦城邦再度逐漸荒廢，直到十九世紀的孟固王（King Mongkut）才將她重新作為王城規建。

20世紀中葉，泰國總理鑾披汶·頌堪元帥（Phibul Songkhram）將華富里作為軍事要地，他對該城市作出的貢獻有很多保存至今。

古國地點、地域

根據泰國古史記載，羅渦城邦建立在泰國中部、一條名叫「朱布什空海（Talae Chubshorn）」的河流上。該河流發源於「三育山（Khao Sam Yod）」之麓，在流經該城邦之後匯入華富里河（Lopburi River），隨後再流到今天信武里府境內匯入昭拍耶河（即湄南河）。

史前時期

青銅製造的箭頭，前四世紀

該城位于昭拍耶盆地的中心，大量史學、考古學以及文化證據表明在三千五百至四千年前已經有人居住於此。當時屬于青銅時代，古人留下大量的古文物、頭骨化石、以致都市廢墟，在今天的華富里府境內均有發現。

陀羅缽地地域

According to the Thai records, King Kakabatr from Taxila (believed to be one of the ancient cities in northern Thailand) set the new era, Chulasakaraj in 638. This era is favourite in region until now. His son, King Kalavarnadishraj founded this city in a decade later. And several years later he assigned Jamadevi to reign the throne of Haribhunjaya kingdom in the northern Thailand.

These kingdoms adopted Indian culture together with Theravada Buddhism and grew up under the post Indian (the local technology that adapt from Indian) and Mon influence in the 11th to 12th centuries, as it entered into the historical era. This first period under the influence of Indian culture was called the Dvaravati period. For the time being this kingdom was known as Saruka Lavo (Mon language). Although the inscription stones found in this area are the Mon language, however there is not clear evidence to prove if the population of Lavo were actually of Mon ethnicity.

中國文獻記載中的羅渦國

玄奘和尚像

該國最早在唐朝和尚玄奘所作的《大唐西域記》中被提及。 羅渦在唐、宋朝代曾均向中國納貢。所以在唐代記載中的「陀和羅」是指羅渦國和陀羅缽地國。這和玄奘的記載中的「陀羅缽地」名稱是相容的，雖然現在尚不清楚此名是指其中一國呢還是指這一地區。

羅渦又分別於1115年和1155年兩度向宋朝納貢，在宋史的記載中其國名變成了「羅壺」。 後來到了元代，馬哥勃羅在他的游記中提到昭拍耶河（即湄南河）平原上的一個小國「羅迦（Locak）」也是指她。根據該書上記載，蒙古的忽必烈漢曾考慮興兵去攻打她，但是最後因為路程太遠、大軍行進艱難而作罷。

高棉時代 / Khmer era

華富里的十世紀高棉式古廟

when it was known as Lavodayapura (Khmer language). Lavo was subordinate to Khmer empire that rapid rise to prominence by the migration of Kambojas from the south India, therefore Lavo often be mentioned as Kambojarat (rat - kingdom) in some old Thai records. (Kambojas, in this case, is not Cambodia) came with the influence of their art and culture, in the 15th to 16th centuries. The new constructions were made by the rocks onto the ruined Dvaravati holy place that made by the bricks without mortar, therefore the oldest ruins that can now be found in Lopburi always be the Khmer style on the Dvaravati foundation.

大城時代 / Ayudhya era

杜西沙萬廟堂

According to the Thai records, King Kakabatr from Taxila (believed to be one of the ancient cities in northern Thailand) set the new era, Chulasakaraj in 638. This era is favourite in region until now. His son, King Kalavarnadishraj founded this city in a decade later. And several years later he assigned Jamadevi to reign the throne of Haribhunjaya kingdom in the northern Thailand.

These kingdoms adopted Indian culture together with Theravada Buddhism and grew up under the post Indian (the local technology that adapt from Indian) and Mon influence in the 11^th to 12^th centuries, as it entered into the historical era. This first period under the influence of Indian culture was called the Dvaravati period. For the time being this kingdom was known as Saruka Lavo (Mon language). Although the inscription stones found in this area are the Mon language, however there is not clear evidence to prove if the population of Lavo were actually of Mon ethnicity.

叻他叻科辛時代 （近代泰國）

在納奈王（King Narai）之後，羅渦城邦逐漸荒廢，直到近代叻他叻科辛王國的拉瑪四世（西方人叫他：孟固王、King Mongkut）才將她重建為一個內地別都，並且他把城重新命名為：「華富里」。

在1937年，當時的泰國總理鑾披汶·頌堪元帥（พิบูลสงคราม，Marshal Phibul Songkhram）出於戰略需要，著手把華富里城建立為泰國軍隊的大後方基地。在這段時間城市被擴大與重新規劃，市中心被東遷四公里，新城的格局十分為人所稱道。在納奈王－瑪哈叻路今天依然可見當時留下的很多地標式建築，建築風格與舊城區弗同。