Glucose 1-phosphate: Difference between revisions

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 443837963

| ImageCaption = Anionic form of α-<small>D</small>-glucose 1-phosphate

| ImageFile2 =Cori_ester.png

| ImageCaption2 = Neutral form of α-<small>D</small>-glucose 1-phosphate

| IUPACName = <small>D</small>-Glucopyranosyl dihydrogen phosphate

| SystematicName = (2''Ξ'',3''R'',4''S'',5''S'',6''R'')-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl dihydrogen phosphate

| OtherNames = Cori ester

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = CIX3U01VAU

| PubChem = 65533

| KEGG = C00103

| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| MeSHName = glucose-1-phosphate

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| C=6 | H=13 | O=9 | P=1

| Appearance =

| Density =

| MeltingPt =

| BoilingPt =

|Section3={{Chembox Hazards

| MainHazards =

| FlashPt =

| AutoignitionPt =

'''Glucose 1-phosphate''' (also called '''Cori ester''') is a [[glucose]] molecule with a [[phosphate]] group on the 1'-carbon. It can exist in either the α- or β-[[anomer]]ic form.

==Reactions of α-glucose 1-phosphate==

In [[glycogenolysis]], it is the direct product of the reaction in which [[glycogen phosphorylase]] cleaves off a [[molecule]] of [[glucose]] from a greater [[glycogen]] structure. A deficiency of muscle glycogen phosphorylase is known as [[glycogen storage disease type V]] (McArdle Disease).

To be utilized in cellular catabolism it must first be converted to [[glucose 6-phosphate]] by the [[enzyme]] [[phosphoglucomutase]] in a free equilibrium.<ref>{{Citation|last=Pelley|first=John W.|title=8 - Gluconeogenesis and Glycogen Metabolism|date=2012-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323074469000088|work=Elsevier's Integrated Review Biochemistry (Second Edition)|pages=67–73|editor-last=Pelley|editor-first=John W.|place=Philadelphia|publisher=W.B. Saunders|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-07446-9.00008-8|isbn=978-0-323-07446-9|access-date=2020-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Isselbacher|first=Kurt J.|title=Galactose-1-phosphate Uridyl Transferase|date=1965-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123956309501535|work=Methods of Enzymatic Analysis|pages=863–866|editor-last=Bergmeyer|editor-first=Hans-Ulrich|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-395630-9.50153-5|isbn=978-0-12-395630-9|access-date=2020-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Bergmeyer|first=Hans-Ulrich|title=d-Glucose-1-phosphate|date=1965-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123956309500244|work=Methods of Enzymatic Analysis|pages=131–133|editor-last=Bergmeyer|editor-first=Hans-Ulrich|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-395630-9.50024-4|isbn=978-0-12-395630-9|access-date=2020-12-16|last2=Klotzsch|first2=Helmut}}</ref> One reason that cells form glucose 1-phosphate instead of glucose during glycogen breakdown is that the very polar phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell membrane and so is marked for intracellular catabolism. [[PGM1|Phosphoglucomutase-1]] deficiency is known as [[glycogen storage disease]] type 14 (GSD XIV).<ref>[http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=711 Orphanet: Glycogen storage disease due to phosphoglucomutase deficiency]</ref>

In [[glycogenesis]], free glucose 1-phosphate can also react with [[Uridine triphosphate|UTP]] to form [[UDP-glucose]],<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Blanco|first=Antonio|title=Chapter 19 - Integration and Regulation of Metabolism|date=2017-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128035504000197|work=Medical Biochemistry|pages=425–445|editor-last=Blanco|editor-first=Antonio|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-803550-4.00019-7|isbn=978-0-12-803550-4|access-date=2020-12-16|last2=Blanco|first2=Gustavo|editor2-last=Blanco|editor2-first=Gustavo}}</ref> by using the enzyme [[UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase]]. It can then return to the greater glycogen structure via [[glycogen synthase]].<ref name=":0" />

==β-Glucose 1-phosphate==

β-Glucose 1-phosphate is found in some microbes. It is produced by inverting α-glucan phosphorylases including [[maltose phosphorylase]], [[kojibiose phosphorylase]] and [[Alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase|trehalose phosphorylase]] and is then converted into [[glucose 6-phosphate]] by [[beta-phosphoglucomutase|β-phosphoglucomutase]].

* [[Gerty Cori]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Organophosphates]]

[[Category:Monosaccharide derivatives]]

[[Category:Phosphate esters]]