رحم

See also: زخم and زحم

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

Root
ر ح م (r ḥ m)
10 terms

Cognate to Hebrew רחם (raḥam).

Verb

رَحِمَ • (raḥima) I (non-past يَرْحَمُ (yarḥamu), verbal noun رَحْمَة (raḥma) or رُحْم (ruḥm) or رُحُم (ruḥum) or مَرْحَمَة (marḥama))

1. to have mercy (upon), have compassion
2. to spare, let off
3. to save, relieve
4. to be merciful

Conjugation

    Conjugation of رَحِمَ (I, sound, i ~ a, full passive, verbal nouns رَحْمَة, رُحْم, رُحُم, مَرْحَمَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						رَحْمَة, رُحْم, رُحُم, مَرْحَمَة raḥma, ruḥm, ruḥum, marḥama
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						رَاحِم rāḥim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَرْحُوم marḥūm
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رَحِمْتُ raḥimtu	رَحِمْتَ raḥimta	رَحِمَ raḥima		رَحِمْتُمَا raḥimtumā	رَحِمَا raḥimā		رَحِمْنَا raḥimnā	رَحِمْتُمْ raḥimtum	رَحِمُوا raḥimū
	f		رَحِمْتِ raḥimti	رَحِمَتْ raḥimat			رَحِمَتَا raḥimatā			رَحِمْتُنَّ raḥimtunna	رَحِمْنَ raḥimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَرْحَمُ ʔarḥamu	تَرْحَمُ tarḥamu	يَرْحَمُ yarḥamu		تَرْحَمَانِ tarḥamāni	يَرْحَمَانِ yarḥamāni		نَرْحَمُ narḥamu	تَرْحَمُونَ tarḥamūna	يَرْحَمُونَ yarḥamūna
	f		تَرْحَمِينَ tarḥamīna	تَرْحَمُ tarḥamu			تَرْحَمَانِ tarḥamāni			تَرْحَمْنَ tarḥamna	يَرْحَمْنَ yarḥamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَرْحَمَ ʔarḥama	تَرْحَمَ tarḥama	يَرْحَمَ yarḥama		تَرْحَمَا tarḥamā	يَرْحَمَا yarḥamā		نَرْحَمَ narḥama	تَرْحَمُوا tarḥamū	يَرْحَمُوا yarḥamū
	f		تَرْحَمِي tarḥamī	تَرْحَمَ tarḥama			تَرْحَمَا tarḥamā			تَرْحَمْنَ tarḥamna	يَرْحَمْنَ yarḥamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَرْحَمْ ʔarḥam	تَرْحَمْ tarḥam	يَرْحَمْ yarḥam		تَرْحَمَا tarḥamā	يَرْحَمَا yarḥamā		نَرْحَمْ narḥam	تَرْحَمُوا tarḥamū	يَرْحَمُوا yarḥamū
	f		تَرْحَمِي tarḥamī	تَرْحَمْ tarḥam			تَرْحَمَا tarḥamā			تَرْحَمْنَ tarḥamna	يَرْحَمْنَ yarḥamna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِرْحَمْ irḥam			اِرْحَمَا irḥamā				اِرْحَمُوا irḥamū
	f		اِرْحَمِي irḥamī							اِرْحَمْنَ irḥamna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رُحِمْتُ ruḥimtu	رُحِمْتَ ruḥimta	رُحِمَ ruḥima		رُحِمْتُمَا ruḥimtumā	رُحِمَا ruḥimā		رُحِمْنَا ruḥimnā	رُحِمْتُمْ ruḥimtum	رُحِمُوا ruḥimū
	f		رُحِمْتِ ruḥimti	رُحِمَتْ ruḥimat			رُحِمَتَا ruḥimatā			رُحِمْتُنَّ ruḥimtunna	رُحِمْنَ ruḥimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرْحَمُ ʔurḥamu	تُرْحَمُ turḥamu	يُرْحَمُ yurḥamu		تُرْحَمَانِ turḥamāni	يُرْحَمَانِ yurḥamāni		نُرْحَمُ nurḥamu	تُرْحَمُونَ turḥamūna	يُرْحَمُونَ yurḥamūna
	f		تُرْحَمِينَ turḥamīna	تُرْحَمُ turḥamu			تُرْحَمَانِ turḥamāni			تُرْحَمْنَ turḥamna	يُرْحَمْنَ yurḥamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرْحَمَ ʔurḥama	تُرْحَمَ turḥama	يُرْحَمَ yurḥama		تُرْحَمَا turḥamā	يُرْحَمَا yurḥamā		نُرْحَمَ nurḥama	تُرْحَمُوا turḥamū	يُرْحَمُوا yurḥamū
	f		تُرْحَمِي turḥamī	تُرْحَمَ turḥama			تُرْحَمَا turḥamā			تُرْحَمْنَ turḥamna	يُرْحَمْنَ yurḥamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرْحَمْ ʔurḥam	تُرْحَمْ turḥam	يُرْحَمْ yurḥam		تُرْحَمَا turḥamā	يُرْحَمَا yurḥamā		نُرْحَمْ nurḥam	تُرْحَمُوا turḥamū	يُرْحَمُوا yurḥamū
	f		تُرْحَمِي turḥamī	تُرْحَمْ turḥam			تُرْحَمَا turḥamā			تُرْحَمْنَ turḥamna	يُرْحَمْنَ yurḥamna

Derived terms

• إِلَّا مَنْ رَحِمَ رَبِّي (ʔillā man raḥima rabbī)

Etymology 1.2

Verb

رَحَّمَ • (raḥḥama) II (non-past يُرَحِّمُ (yuraḥḥimu), verbal noun تَرْحِيم (tarḥīm))

1. to have mercy (upon)
2. to ask God to have mercy (upon), to plead for God’s mercy

Conjugation

    Conjugation of رَحَّمَ (II, sound, full passive (?), verbal noun تَرْحِيم)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَرْحِيم tarḥīm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُرَحِّم muraḥḥim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُرَحَّم muraḥḥam
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رَحَّمْتُ raḥḥamtu	رَحَّمْتَ raḥḥamta	رَحَّمَ raḥḥama		رَحَّمْتُمَا raḥḥamtumā	رَحَّمَا raḥḥamā		رَحَّمْنَا raḥḥamnā	رَحَّمْتُمْ raḥḥamtum	رَحَّمُوا raḥḥamū
	f		رَحَّمْتِ raḥḥamti	رَحَّمَتْ raḥḥamat			رَحَّمَتَا raḥḥamatā			رَحَّمْتُنَّ raḥḥamtunna	رَحَّمْنَ raḥḥamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرَحِّمُ ʔuraḥḥimu	تُرَحِّمُ turaḥḥimu	يُرَحِّمُ yuraḥḥimu		تُرَحِّمَانِ turaḥḥimāni	يُرَحِّمَانِ yuraḥḥimāni		نُرَحِّمُ nuraḥḥimu	تُرَحِّمُونَ turaḥḥimūna	يُرَحِّمُونَ yuraḥḥimūna
	f		تُرَحِّمِينَ turaḥḥimīna	تُرَحِّمُ turaḥḥimu			تُرَحِّمَانِ turaḥḥimāni			تُرَحِّمْنَ turaḥḥimna	يُرَحِّمْنَ yuraḥḥimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرَحِّمَ ʔuraḥḥima	تُرَحِّمَ turaḥḥima	يُرَحِّمَ yuraḥḥima		تُرَحِّمَا turaḥḥimā	يُرَحِّمَا yuraḥḥimā		نُرَحِّمَ nuraḥḥima	تُرَحِّمُوا turaḥḥimū	يُرَحِّمُوا yuraḥḥimū
	f		تُرَحِّمِي turaḥḥimī	تُرَحِّمَ turaḥḥima			تُرَحِّمَا turaḥḥimā			تُرَحِّمْنَ turaḥḥimna	يُرَحِّمْنَ yuraḥḥimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرَحِّمْ ʔuraḥḥim	تُرَحِّمْ turaḥḥim	يُرَحِّمْ yuraḥḥim		تُرَحِّمَا turaḥḥimā	يُرَحِّمَا yuraḥḥimā		نُرَحِّمْ nuraḥḥim	تُرَحِّمُوا turaḥḥimū	يُرَحِّمُوا yuraḥḥimū
	f		تُرَحِّمِي turaḥḥimī	تُرَحِّمْ turaḥḥim			تُرَحِّمَا turaḥḥimā			تُرَحِّمْنَ turaḥḥimna	يُرَحِّمْنَ yuraḥḥimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		رَحِّمْ raḥḥim			رَحِّمَا raḥḥimā				رَحِّمُوا raḥḥimū
	f		رَحِّمِي raḥḥimī							رَحِّمْنَ raḥḥimna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رُحِّمْتُ ruḥḥimtu	رُحِّمْتَ ruḥḥimta	رُحِّمَ ruḥḥima		رُحِّمْتُمَا ruḥḥimtumā	رُحِّمَا ruḥḥimā		رُحِّمْنَا ruḥḥimnā	رُحِّمْتُمْ ruḥḥimtum	رُحِّمُوا ruḥḥimū
	f		رُحِّمْتِ ruḥḥimti	رُحِّمَتْ ruḥḥimat			رُحِّمَتَا ruḥḥimatā			رُحِّمْتُنَّ ruḥḥimtunna	رُحِّمْنَ ruḥḥimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُرَحَّمُ ʔuraḥḥamu	تُرَحَّمُ turaḥḥamu	يُرَحَّمُ yuraḥḥamu		تُرَحَّمَانِ turaḥḥamāni	يُرَحَّمَانِ yuraḥḥamāni		نُرَحَّمُ nuraḥḥamu	تُرَحَّمُونَ turaḥḥamūna	يُرَحَّمُونَ yuraḥḥamūna
	f		تُرَحَّمِينَ turaḥḥamīna	تُرَحَّمُ turaḥḥamu			تُرَحَّمَانِ turaḥḥamāni			تُرَحَّمْنَ turaḥḥamna	يُرَحَّمْنَ yuraḥḥamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُرَحَّمَ ʔuraḥḥama	تُرَحَّمَ turaḥḥama	يُرَحَّمَ yuraḥḥama		تُرَحَّمَا turaḥḥamā	يُرَحَّمَا yuraḥḥamā		نُرَحَّمَ nuraḥḥama	تُرَحَّمُوا turaḥḥamū	يُرَحَّمُوا yuraḥḥamū
	f		تُرَحَّمِي turaḥḥamī	تُرَحَّمَ turaḥḥama			تُرَحَّمَا turaḥḥamā			تُرَحَّمْنَ turaḥḥamna	يُرَحَّمْنَ yuraḥḥamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُرَحَّمْ ʔuraḥḥam	تُرَحَّمْ turaḥḥam	يُرَحَّمْ yuraḥḥam		تُرَحَّمَا turaḥḥamā	يُرَحَّمَا yuraḥḥamā		نُرَحَّمْ nuraḥḥam	تُرَحَّمُوا turaḥḥamū	يُرَحَّمُوا yuraḥḥamū
	f		تُرَحَّمِي turaḥḥamī	تُرَحَّمْ turaḥḥam			تُرَحَّمَا turaḥḥamā			تُرَحَّمْنَ turaḥḥamna	يُرَحَّمْنَ yuraḥḥamna

Etymology 1.3

Related to Hebrew רחם (“womb”). More at R-Ḥ-M.

Noun

رَحِم • (raḥim) f (plural أَرْحَام (ʔarḥām))

2. (anatomy) uterus, womb
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 3:6:

     هُوَ ٱلَّذِي يُصَوِّرُكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡحَامِ كَيۡفَ يَشَاۤءُ

     huwa llaḏī yuṣawwirukum fī l-ʔarḥāmi kayfa yašāʔu

     He is the One Who causes you to take shape in the wombs, as He will cause to be

3. relationship, kinship

Declension

Declension of noun رَحِم (raḥim)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَحِم raḥim	الرَّحِم ar-raḥim	رَحِم raḥim
Nominative	رَحِمٌ raḥimun	الرَّحِمُ ar-raḥimu	رَحِمُ raḥimu
Accusative	رَحِمًا raḥiman	الرَّحِمَ ar-raḥima	رَحِمَ raḥima
Genitive	رَحِمٍ raḥimin	الرَّحِمِ ar-raḥimi	رَحِمِ raḥimi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَحِمَيْن raḥimayn	الرَّحِمَيْن ar-raḥimayn	رَحِمَيْ raḥimay
Nominative	رَحِمَانِ raḥimāni	الرَّحِمَانِ ar-raḥimāni	رَحِمَا raḥimā
Accusative	رَحِمَيْنِ raḥimayni	الرَّحِمَيْنِ ar-raḥimayni	رَحِمَيْ raḥimay
Genitive	رَحِمَيْنِ raḥimayni	الرَّحِمَيْنِ ar-raḥimayni	رَحِمَيْ raḥimay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَرْحَام ʔarḥām	الْأَرْحَام al-ʔarḥām	أَرْحَام ʔarḥām
Nominative	أَرْحَامٌ ʔarḥāmun	الْأَرْحَامُ al-ʔarḥāmu	أَرْحَامُ ʔarḥāmu
Accusative	أَرْحَامًا ʔarḥāman	الْأَرْحَامَ al-ʔarḥāma	أَرْحَامَ ʔarḥāma
Genitive	أَرْحَامٍ ʔarḥāmin	الْأَرْحَامِ al-ʔarḥāmi	أَرْحَامِ ʔarḥāmi

Descendants

• → Malay: rahim
  • Indonesian: rahim
• → Ottoman Turkish: رحم
  • Turkish: rahim
• → Pashto: رحم
• → Persian: رحم

Etymology 1.4

Noun

رُحْم or رُحُم • (ruḥm or ruḥum) m

1. verbal noun of رَحِمَ (raḥima) (form I)
2. mercy, commiseration

   أُمُّ رُحْمٍ ― ʔummu ruḥmin ― Mecca

Declension

Declension of noun رُحْم (ruḥm)‎; رُحُم (ruḥum)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رُحْم‎; رُحُم ruḥm‎; ruḥum	الرُّحْم‎; الرُّحُم ar-ruḥm‎; ar-ruḥum	رُحْم‎; رُحُم ruḥm‎; ruḥum
Nominative	رُحْمٌ‎; رُحُمٌ ruḥmun‎; ruḥumun	الرُّحْمُ‎; الرُّحُمُ ar-ruḥmu‎; ar-ruḥumu	رُحْمُ‎; رُحُمُ ruḥmu‎; ruḥumu
Accusative	رُحْمًا‎; رُحُمًا ruḥman‎; ruḥuman	الرُّحْمَ‎; الرُّحُمَ ar-ruḥma‎; ar-ruḥuma	رُحْمَ‎; رُحُمَ ruḥma‎; ruḥuma
Genitive	رُحْمٍ‎; رُحُمٍ ruḥmin‎; ruḥumin	الرُّحْمِ‎; الرُّحُمِ ar-ruḥmi‎; ar-ruḥumi	رُحْمِ‎; رُحُمِ ruḥmi‎; ruḥumi

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “رحم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic رَحِم (raḥim, “womb, uterus”).

Noun

رحم • (rahim) (plural ارحام (erham))

1. uterus, womb, the organ in which the young are conceived

   Synonyms: اوغلدروق (oğulduruk), زهدان (zehdan), قارن (karn)

2. (figuratively) kinship, consanguinity, especially on the maternal side

Descendants

• Turkish: rahim

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “rahim1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3931
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “رحم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 618
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Uterus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1797
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “رحم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2292
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “rahim”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “رحم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 968

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic رُحْم (ruḥm, “mercy”).

Noun

رحم • (rahm)

1. pity, mercy, compassion, ruth

   Synonyms: ترحم (terahhum), شفقت (şefkat), مرحمت (merhamet)

Descendants

• Turkish: rahm

Further reading

click to expand

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “rahm”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3932
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “رحم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[6], Constantinople: Mihran, page 617
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “رحم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[7], Vienna, column 2292
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “رحم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 968

Pashto

Etymology

From Arabic رَحَم (raḥam). Cognate to Hebrew רחם (raḥam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raˈhəm/
• IPA^(key): /raˈxəm/

Noun

رحم • (rëhëm) m

1. (religious, Islam) mercy

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic رَحِم (raḥim).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɾa.ˈhim]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rä.ɦɪ́m]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [rä.ɦɪ́m]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [rä.jɪ́m]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [rä.jím]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹæ.ɦém]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾä.ɦím]

Readings
Classical reading?	rahim
Dari reading?	rahim
Iranian reading?	rahem
Tajik reading?	rahim

Noun

رحم • (rahem)

1. womb

   Synonyms: بطن (batn), زهدان (zehdân), بچه‌دان (baččedân)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic رُحْم (ruḥm), but the initial vowel was changed under the influence of رَحمٰن (rahmân, “the Merciful”), a common title of God.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɾahm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [räɦm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [räɦm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [rɑːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [rɔːm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹæɦm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾäɦm]

Readings
Classical reading?	rahm
Dari reading?	rahm
Iranian reading?	rahm
Tajik reading?	rahm

Noun

رحم • (rahm)

1. mercy, pity
   • c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 464”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ]‎^[9]:

     رحم آر بر دل من کز مهر روی خوبت
     شد شخص ناتوانم باریک چون هلالی

     rahm ār bar dil-i man k-az mihr-i rō-yi xūbat
     šud šaxs-i nātawānam bārīk čūn hilālē

     Have mercy on my heart, for out of love for your fair face,
     My incapable body has become thin like a crescent moon.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Derived terms

• بی‌رحم (bi-rahm)

 

Descendants

• → Assamese: ৰহম (rohom)
• → Bengali: রহম (rohom)
• → Gujarati: રહેમ (rahem)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: रहम (raham)

  Urdu: رَحَم (raham)

• → Maithili:

  Devanagari script: रहम (raham)

  Tirhuta script: 𑒩𑒯𑒧 (rahama)

• → Old Punjabi: ਰਹਮ (rahama /⁠rahamma⁠/)
  • Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਰਹਿਮ (rahim)

    Shahmukhi script: رَحِم (raḥim)

• → Sindhi:

  Arabic script: رَحَمُ

  Devanagari script: रहमु

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “رحم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim