凍る

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
こお
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
氷る

Etymology

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From Old Japanese 凍る (koporu).

Likely cognate with other terms beginning with ko- and related to senses of hard, stiff, such as 凝る (koru, to stiffen), 凍ゆ (koyu, to freeze, to become frozen, classical) → modern 凍える (kogoeru), 強い (kowai, hard, tough, stiff).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「凍る
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
凍る おる [kòórú]
Imperative (命令形) 凍れ おれ [kòóré]
Key constructions
Passive 凍られる おられる [kòórárérú]
Causative 凍らせる おらせる [kòórásérú]
Potential - - -
Volitional 凍ろう おろ [kòóróꜜò]
Negative 凍らない おらない [kòóránáí]
Negative perfective 凍らなかった おらなかった [kòóránáꜜkàttà]
Formal 凍ります おりま [kòórímáꜜsù]
Perfective 凍った おった [kòóttá]
Conjunctive 凍って おって [kòótté]
Hypothetical conditional 凍れば おれ [kòóréꜜbà]

Verb

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Japanese verb pair
active 凍らす
mediopassive 凍る

(こお) (kōruintransitive godan (stem (こお) (kōri), past (こお)った (kōtta))

  1. to freeze
    (みず)(こお)っている
    mizu ga kōtteiru
    the water is frozen
  2. to be frozen over
  3. to congeal
  4. (Internet) to suspend an account (usually on Twitter)

Usage notes

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凍える is often used for body parts (of living organisms) to freeze, while 凍る is often used for objects (e.g. water freezes).

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN